Download - WRAP RMC Phase II Wind Blown Dust Project
WRAP RMC Phase II Wind Blown Dust Project
ENVIRON International Corporationand
University of California, Riverside
August 24, 2004
Phase I Project Summary• Objectives
– Develop general methodology based on ‘MacDougall Method’ – Develop 1996 gridded PM inventory of WB Dust for the Western
States
• Limitations– Threshold surface friction velocities– Emission factors– Vacant land stability– Dust reservoirs– Rain events– Vegetation density
Phase II Project Background• Develop improved general methodology based on Phase I
recommendations and recent literature review • Update gridded PM inventory of WB Dust for 2002 using the Inter-
RPO regional modeling domain • Develop of surface friction velocities and threshold friction
velocities• Develop improved emission flux relationships• Improve vacant land characterization
– Disturbance– Land use type– Reservoirs
• Conduct model performance evaluation
Revised methodology to consider:
• Threshold velocities• Emission factors• LULC and Soil characteristics• Reservoir characteristics• Agricultural adjustments
• Full presentation from DEJF Meeting in Reno at http://64.27.97.126/forums/dejf/meetings.html
Dust Category 3 4 6 7
Land use Ag. Grass Shrubs Barren
Surface roughness (cm) 0.031 0.1 0.05 0.002
Threshold friction Velocity (mile/h) 8.33 13.81 9.62 6.81
Threshold wind velocity at 38m height (mile/h) 29.50 44.25 32.75 28.50
Characteristics of Dust Categories
Model Sensitivity Simulations
• Run a :– No limitation on dust event duration– All soils considered loose undisturbed
• Run b :– Dust events limited to 10 hrs/day– All soils considered loose undisturbed
Model Sensitivity Simulations• Run c :
– No limitation on dust event duration – Assume 10% of barren, grass & shrublands area is disturbed– Threshold velocity for grass & shrublands = 0.5 * undisturbed value– Threshold velocity for barren lands = .27 * undisturbed value
• Run d :– Dust events limited to 10 hrs/day for undisturbed soils– Assume 10% of barren, grass & shrublands area is disturbed– Threshold velocity for grass & shrublands = 0.5 * undisturbed value– Threshold velocity for barren lands = .27 * undisturbed value
Model ResultsScenario a: no limit on duration; all soils loose, undisturbed
Dust emissions, Scenario a
62.50%
17.24%
19.38%
0.88%
Dust code 3
Dust code 4
Dust code 6
Dust code 7
Model ResultsScenario b: event duration <=10 hrs/day; all soils loose, undisturbed
Dust emissions, Scenario b
63.83%
15.32%
19.92%
0.93%
Dust code 3
Dust code 4
Dust code 6
Dust code 7
Model ResultsScenario c: no limit on duration; assume 10% disturbed area for grass,
shrub, barren lands
Dust emissions, Scenario c
50.29%
24.82%
22.95%
1.94%Dust code 3
Dust code 4
Dust code 6
Dust code 7
Model ResultsScenario d: event duration <= 10hrs/day for disturbed soils; assume 10%
disturbed area for grass, shrub, barren lands
Dust emissions, Scenario d
44.35%
27.75%
25.33%
2.58%Dust code 3
Dust code 4
Dust code 6
Dust code 7
Dust Totals for WRAP Statestons/year
Scenario WRAP States Domain Total (US only)
a 2,222,219 9,451,368
b 1,310,120 5,228,818
c 3,077,196 11,098,731
d 2,165,096 6,876,180
1996 Results 2,240,288 4,366,907
Annual PM10 for WRAP StatesDust Yearly Total by State
WRAP States
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
1000000
AZ
CA
CO ID MT
NV
NM
ND
OR
SD
UT
WA
WY
State
Ton/
y
scen a
scen b
scen c
scen d
1996
Annual PM10 for the Western States
Dust Yearly Total by StateWestern States
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
AZ
AR
CA
CO ID IA KS
LA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
NM
ND
OK
OR
SD
TX
UT
WA WI
WY
State
Ton/
y
scen ascen bscen cscen d1996
Comparison of Monthly Dust Emissions
Monthly Dust Emissions for the Entire Domain
0.0
400000.0
800000.0
1200000.0
1600000.0
2000000.0
2400000.0
2800000.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
month
Ton/
Mon
th
scen a
scen b
scen c
scen d
Dust from Category 3 (Ag land)PM10 Yearly Total
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
AZ
CA
CO ID MT
NV
NM
ND
OR
SD
UT
WA
WY
State
Ton/
y
scen ascen bscen cscen d
Annual PM10 from Ag Land for WRAP States
Dust from Category 4 (Grass land)PM10 Yearly Total
0
40000
80000
120000
160000
200000
240000
280000
320000
AZ
CA
CO ID MT
NV
NM
ND
OR
SD
UT
WA
WY
State
Ton/
y
scen a
scen b
scen c
scen d
Annual PM10 from Grass Land for WRAP States
Dust from Category 6 (Shrub land)PM10 Yearly Total
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
AZ
CA
CO ID MT
NV
NM
ND
OR
SD
UT
WA
WY
State
Ton/
y
scen ascen bscen cscen d
Annual PM10 from Shrub Land for WRAP States
Dust from Category 7 (Barren land)PM10 Yearly Total
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
AZ
CA
CO ID MT
NV
NM
ND
OR
SD
UT
WA
WY
State
Ton/
y
scen ascen bscen cscen d
Annual PM10 from Barren Land for WRAP States
Dust from all Categories for Scenario dPM10 Yearly Total
0
30000
60000
90000
120000
150000
180000
210000
240000
AZ
CA
CO ID MT
NV
NM
ND
OR
SD
UT
WA
WY
State
Ton/
y
Cat. 3Cat. 4Cat. 6Cat. 7
Scenario d Annual PM10 from All Dust Categories for WRAP States
2002 Annual PMC Scenario a: no limit on duration; all soils loose, undisturbed
2002 Annual PMC Scenario b: event duration <=10 hrs/day; all soils loose, undisturbed
2002 Annual PMC Scenario c: no limit on duration; assume 10% disturbed area for grass,
shrub, barren lands
2002 Annual PMC Scenario d: event duration <=10 hrs/day; assume 10% disturbed area for
grass, shrub, barren lands
Model Performance Evaluation• Evaluate model results for reasonableness and accuracy• Compare predicted WB dust emissions near IMPROVE
monitors with measured IMPROVE dust extinction (Bdust)
• Enhancements to CMAQ to track WB and other dust• Evaluate model CMAQ model performance with and with
out WB dust emissions• Refined model performance evaluation using results
of Etyemezian, et al.• For events characterized as wind blown dust events,
determine whether dust model predicts impacts
Model Performance EvaluationSchedule
• Initial Model Performance Evaluation Report: August 31, 2004
• Refined Model Performance Evaluation Report: October 31, 2004