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ART in the TEMPLE:The Imprint of BUDDHISM in
ChinaI. Introduction of BUDDHISMII. EARLY BUDDHIST ART in ChinaIII. LATER BUDDHIST ART in ChinaIV. GOOGLE GALLERY TUTOTIAL
The Imprint of Buddhism in China
Dharmaraksha & Kashyapa
“sutras”
Buddha Iconography:
1) Ushnisha3) Shorn Hair4) Urna5) Triple-Chin (Middle
Path)6) Robe made of rags7) Mudra8) Mandorla• Royal Earlobes• Lotus Throne
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BUDDHIST Cave Temples in China• Dunhuang (oldest, begun 4th cent AD)• Yungang (begun 460 AD under Wei)• Longmen (begun 494)
DUNHUANG (aka Mogau) Cave Temples(begun 4th century AD)
“Paranirvana”
Preaching the Dharma.
Note DONORS at the bottom, another feature of Central Asian painting.
Cave 249, Western Wei, around 550 AD
Buddha restores the eyesight of five ROBBERS to see the truth of the Dharma.
“Apsaras”
YUNGANG Cave Temples(begun 460 AD under Wei)
“Apsaras”
LONGMEN Cave Temples(begun 494 AD under WEI)
“1000 Buddhas”
ART in the TEMPLE:Religious Art 6th—10th cent AD
SUI Dynasty: 581-618TANG Dynasty: 618-906
RECAP: Splendor of the Cave Temples
DUNHUANG (Mogao Caves)
Religious Art of the SUI (581-618) & TANG (618-906) Dynasties
Gilt BronzeBuddha Amitabha w/Attendents584 CE (SUI)
Buddha Amitabha on lotus thronec.593 ce (SUI)bronze altarpiece
Chang’an
Chang’AnMarket Scene
Model of Tang Dynasty Chang’An
Gilt BronzeBuddha Amitabha w/Attendents584 CE (SUI)
CLUNAS, 98
“mudra”
Gilt BronzeBuddha Amitabha w/Attendents584 CE (SUI)
“Bodhisattvas” (“Pure Land”)
“Heavenly Kings”
Lions
Limestone Maitreyac. 600-700 AD
(Clunas, p. 100)
“Maitreya” = “Buddha of the Future”
Limestone Maitreyac. 600-700 AD
Taoist “Heavenly Worthy”719 AD (Tang Dynasty)
Clunas, p. 101-2
Taoist “Heavenly Worthy”719 AD (Tang Dynasty)
Taoist “Heavenly Worthy”719 AD (Tang Dynasty)
LONGMEN Cave Temples(begun 494 AD under WEI)
Buddha ICONOGRAPHY Developments Sakyamuni (historical)
Maitreya (future)
Amitaba (Pure Land)
QUAN-YIN (“bodhisatva”)
Colossal Buddha (YUNGANG)
LONGMEN
Longmen
MAHAYANA Buddhism
Longmen
Empress WUTang Dynasty Ruler:
akaWu Zetian (625-705)
TANG =movement
BIG GOOSE Pagoda
NANCHAN Temple
BOTH Tang, both in XI’AN (Chang’an)
FAMEN SI
“RELIQUARY”from Famen Si
Clunas, p. 107
“RELIQUARY”from Famen Si
Clunas, p. 107
TANG“Hierarchy of Materials”:
1) Gold/Silver2) Bronze3) Stone
Embroidery
SILK EMBROIDERY
Buddha Preaching
Clunas, p. 108
WOOD-BLOCK PRINTING
“Diamond Sutra”
TANG Religious PAINTING
Tang Dynasty Painting of Guan Yin
Guardian King of the NorthHanging Scroll on Silk
Clunas, p. 111
Sui & Tang MOTIVES forReligious Art Patronage:
1) Personal Piety2) Hopes for Children3) “ “ Longevity4) “ “ Ancestors5) “ “ Power
Art DONORS
Dunhuang Yungang (Datong) Longmen
Chinese Buddha Developments
Empress WU
Dunhuang Yungang (Datong) Longmen
ART in the TEMPLE:10th-14th centuries: Song & Yuan Dynasties
LIAO Dynasty (907-1125) Religious Art of the N. SONG (960-1127) &
S. SONG (1127-1279) Buddhist MONKS & the ELITE in S.
SONG BUDDHIST ART in the YUAN Dynasty
(1279-1368)
LIAO Dynasty: 907-1125
LIAO Dynasty (907-1125 CE)
“Luohan” (Buddhist monk)
Seated Luohan, Liao dynasty (907–1125), ca. 1000
Earthenware with 3-color glaze; H. 41 ¼”
ExpressiveFacial
Movement
Religious Art of N. SONG Dynasty(960-1121)
Jinci: SHRINE of the GREAT SAGE MOTHER
Clunas, 112
Yi Jiang (wife of Zhou Dynasty Founder King Wu)
King Wu ruled: c. 1049/45-1043 BCE
Empress WUTang Dynasty Ruler:
akaWu Zetian (625-705)
Empress LIU (N. Song, r. 1023-63)
Jinci: SHRINE of the GREAT SAGE MOTHER
Clunas, 112
8 Jinci DRAGONS: Imperial Power & Life-Giving Waters/Rain
Religious Art of S. SONG Dynasty(1121-1209)
Southern Song sculptures of BAODINGSHAN Caves:“10 Kings of Hell”
Hell of the iron wheel
Hell of excrement
Sutra of the Ten Kings of Hell (painting on paper roll)From Cave 17, Mogao (Dunhuang)
Five Dynasties, late 9th-early 10th century AD
10 Kings of Hell Scrolls
Clunas, p. 114
10 KINGS OF HELL Scrolls
10 KINGS OF HELL Scroll(c. 1150)
Wen Tong,Bamboos(N. Song)
Clunas, p 142
GOAL: “Reality” of Hell
Guan-Yin Developments
Guanyin, ca. 600 Sui Dynasty (581-618)
Stone Guanyin at Longmen Song Dynasty Tang Dynasty (618-906) (960-1279)
Bodhisattva “GUAN YIN” (developments)
Sui dynasty (581–618)
Colored Woodcarving (N. Wei Period)
Guanyin of the Southern Sea, Liao (907-1125)
or Jin Dynasty (1115-1234)
Song Dynasty
Buddhists Monks & the Elitein Southern Song (1128-1279)
Portrait of the CHAN Buddhist monk Wuzhun Shifan, painted in 1238.
“CHAN”= “Zen”
Yujian, Mountain Market in Clearing Mist (c. 1250)
Rain-pulled cloud wisps gather at ChangshaFaint hint of rainbow carries evening’s blush
I like the Market Bridge beyond the public willowsWine flag flutters, traveler thinks of home.
--Yujian
Group Portrait of Chan MonksPainting on Silk, c/ 1330
Clunas, p. 120
Buddhist Art in the Yuan Dynasty(1279-1368)
YUAN Emperor Chengzong (Grandson of Kubla Kahn)Ruled 1294–1307)
Tripitaka (“3 Baskets”)
THE DIAMOND SUTRA
Yamantaka Mandala with imperial portraits, Yuan dynasty (1279–1368)
SUMMARY:10th-14th centuries: Song & Yuan Dynasties
I. LIAO Dynasty (907-1125)II. Religious Art of the NORTHERN
SONG (960-1127) & SOUTHERN SONG (1127-1279)
III. Buddhist MONKS & the ELITE in SOUTHERN SONG
IV. BUDDHIST ART in the YUAN Dynasty (1279-1368)