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Wind Water Glacier
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Weathering
• Weathering refers to physical and chemical processes that change the characteristics of rock on or near the earth’s surface.
• Weathering occurs slowly over many years and even centuries.
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In what ways do you think this rock face has changed over time?
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Sediment – a weathering process that creates smaller and smaller pieces of rock. Sediment is mostly identifiable as either mud, sand, or silt, which is very fine particles of rock.
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Physical Weathering
• Processes that break rock into smaller pieces are referred to as Physical weathering.
• Physical weathering does not change the composition of the rock – only it’s size.
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Sometimes ice crystals can form in the cracks of a rock, forming so much pressure, that they break the rock into smaller pieces.
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Chemical weathering
• Occurs when a rock is changed into a new substance as a result of interaction between elements in the air or water and the minerals in the rock.
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Erosion
• Erosion occurs when weathered material is moved by action of wind, water, ice, or gravity.
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This canyon was cut by water.
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This beach has been so eroded away by the ocean that this house will eventually slide off into the ocean.
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How does the wind effect these sand dunes?
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Loess
• Wind blown silt and clay sediment that produces very fertile soil.
• In northern China the deposits are several hundred feet deep.
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What looks like a road in this picture was actually created by a glacier sliding down through this mountain range.
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Moraine – piles of rocks left behind after the glacier melts. They are usually found on the sides, down the center, or at the leading edge of a glacier.
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Soil is the loose mixture of weathered rock and organic material.
Parent material – the chemical composition of the original rock before it decomposes.
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Humus – the amount of organic material in the soil and the amount of air and water needed in the soil to make it fertile.
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• Rain, rivers, streams, and oceans are the most significant cause of erosion.
• Begins when springwater and rainwater flow off the land downhill into streams.
• As the water flows, it cuts into the land, wearing away soil and rock.