Download - Wim Maartens
Building blocks for a consistent, safe and quality hatchery diet
Healthy and well fed larval shrimp and fish will perform better in the grow out ponds
common sense: – children must be fed well to become healthy adults.
– The diet of top athletes is worked out to the outmost details
Healthy and well fed larval shrimp and fish will perform better in the grow out
Consumer chooses the cheapest food
Traders look for cheaper supply from food processors
Food processors want cheaper shrimp/ fish from the farmer
Pressure from farmers to supply cheaper larvae
reaction from hatchery operators to reduce costs
Feed producers respond by offering cheaper diets
Healthy and well fed larval shrimp and fish will perform better in the grow out
Pressure on feed producers to reduce quality in order to maintain margin
The diets have found fast and easy acceptance by vannamei producers as they are not picky when it comes to eating
These diets have found also entrance in monodon hatcheries
Healthy and well fed larval shrimp and fish will perform better in the grow out In monodon hatcheries in Thailand and the
Philippines, survival by using low cost feeding protocols dropped below 50%
For vannamei in Thailand it has been noticed that cheaper post larvae kept on a low cost feeding protocol grow slower and have lower survivals in the grow out ponds. Hatcheries are switching back to cost efficient feeding
protocols Professional Thai farmers demand proof from vannamei
hatcheries that post larvae have been fed with quality diets In the long run, cost efficiency farming is better than
low cost farming
Building blocks for a quality diet?
Right ingredients and feed formulationRight feed processing technologyRight operational procedures
Feed formulation: Least Cost Formulation1. Set nutritional requirements for the formula2. Analyze incoming raw materials on required
parameters: e.g. variability of protein content of fish meals
3. Update cost of raw materials4. Compute the least cost formula with the available raw
materials
fixed formulations lead to inconsistent feeds
cost efficient and consistent
Feed formulationMust be based on nutritional requirements of the targeted aquatic animal and its life stage
Too much of one nutrientNot enough of another
How can it be cost efficient?
Still requires more investigationendless amount of species in aquaculture
Feed formulation
Look beyond the label
There is more to a formulation than the right protein, lipid, fiber and moisture levels
– essential lipids– digestible proteins with the right amino acids– vitamins, minerals– …
Feed formulation
Feed formulation
PV LC
FRIPPAK F
RESH #2 CD
FRIPPAK F
RESH #1 CAR
LANSY-S
hrimp Z
MANT
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.4
cholesterol %
cholesterol %
INVE’s standard for larval prawns
Feed formulation: ingredients
Ingredients that are safe for the food chain– GMO free, free of melanine, low in heavy metals
Ingredients that contain the right nutrients and are digestible by the targeted specie
Ingredients that are attractive and palatable for prawns/fish– Use of fresh marine ingredients opposed to marine meals
Feed formulation: safe for the food chain?
PV LC
FRIPPAK F
RESH #2 CD
FRIPPAK F
RESH #1 CAR
LANSY-S
hrimp Z
MANT
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
cadmium ppm
cadmium ppm
Max Cadmium EU standard
Feed processing technologyNeeds to facilitate feeding in farm– Long shelflife– Provide all nutritional requirements in one particle– Easy to apply
Needs to produce a water stable particle with the right size and buoyancy
Every particle not eaten by the animal is a loss and
deteriorates water quality
Needs to protect the quality of the ingredients and feed– Heat treatment could damage valuable components
Feed processing technology: size matters
AS AF FRIPPAK PL+150 ULTRA
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0
100.0
<100um <150um <212um <315umWASTE
Every particle not eaten by the animal is a loss and
deteriorates water quality
Feed processing technology: size matters
Specialized tumbling sieves to remove dust form the diets
Feed processing technology:Challenge of using fresh ingredients
Formula contains 70% of fresh ingredientsFresh ingredients contain 90% waterWe need to use 7 kg of fresh ingredients per kg of dry product and remove at least 6 kg of water without damaging the quality of the fresh ingredients
Suitable technology: spraydrying Refractance window drying
Fresh is the Best
Spray drying
Soup with ingredientsHot air at
180’C
Powdered feed at 80’C
Refractance Window Drying
80’C95’C
Soup with ingredient
s
Operational procedures: quality…every time
Quality needs to be definedQuality needs to be monitoredQuality needs to recordedQuality needs to be improved
Even the best operational system will cover not all riskIn case there is a problem: good operational procedures provide for fast and focused action
Good Manufacturing Practices
Document and data control Water Control
Internal Quality Audit Pest Control
Training Waste Disposal
Control of nonconforming product Personal Hygiene
Product Recall Complaint and Reject
Control of Monitoring and Measuring Devices Transportation
Glass control Identification and Traceability
Chemical Handling Production and Operation Control
Maintenance Receive, Storage, Usage and Move Procedure
Cleaning Quality Control for Raw Materials Semi and Finished Product
20 procedures to assure that you receive quality, consistent and safe diets every time
Good Manufacturing Practice: Working Procedures
Good Manufacturing Practice: in line controls
thickness
moisture
density
Good Manufacturing Practice: lab controls
RM, SMP, FGProximate (moisture, protein, lipid, lipid w/
hydrolysis, ash, fiber)Freshness (POV, p-anisidine, TBA, TVN)
Free fatty acids, iodine valuePhosphorusSand / SilicaSalt (NaCl)
WaterChloride, free chlorine
pH, total hardness
Good Manufacturing Practices: traceability
Be ready for Worst Case Scenario
Lot number of finished product A
Lot number of all RM’s used to produce A
Lot number of all finished goods that used that lot as an
ingredient
Lot number of all SMP’s that used that lot as an ingredient
Lot number of all SMP’s used to produce
A
RM’s X with lot number Y caused
problem
Customer finds problem with finished
product AOnly recall from customers that received affected lots
Building blocks for a cost efficient diet?
Right feed formulationRight feed processing technologyRight operational procedures
QualitySafety
Consistency
Thank you