Download - Why is ESAC so hilly?
A talk (Thursday, December 1st) and a fieldtrip (Friday, December 2nd)
Enrique Díaz Martínez Researcher of the Geological Survey of Spain (IGME)
Why is ESAC so hilly?
Geology of the Madrid region
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
FIRST GEOLOGY MAPS OF THE PROVINCE OF MADRID 1853 (“bosquejo” or sketch), 1861 and 1864
Casiano de Prado y Valle (1797 – 1866)
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
Geological map of the province of Madrid (currently as “Autonomous Community”)
A geological map shows the composition (lithology), age and structure of the rocks Geological time is measured in millions of years
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
The geological clock (1 h = 4.600 Ma)
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
Geological units of Madrid: - Guadarrama and Somosierra ranges (Central System), Paleozoic and Mesozoic age - Madrid Basin (part of Tajo sedimentary basin), Cenozoic age (Tertiary) - Fluvial valleys (Alberche, Jarama, Henares, Tajo, etc.), Quaternary age
Geological map of the province of Madrid
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
The Central System:
Variscan orogeny
<= Granites
(Siete Picos, La Pedriza, La Cabrera) <= Quartzites, slates (Puebla de La Sierra) <= Gneises (La Morcuera, El Vellón)
Geological map of the province of Madrid
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
Long period without geological record. The Variscan Mountains were intensely eroded.
Alpine orogeny <= Gypsum and red clays (Torrelaguna) <= Marine limestones (Guadalix, Patones)
The Central System:
Variscan orogeny
<= Granites
(Siete Picos, La Pedriza, La Cabrera) <= Quartzites, slates (Puebla de La Sierra) <= Gneises (La Morcuera, El Vellón)
Geological map of the province of Madrid
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
GEOLOGICAL CROSS SECTION OF THE CENTRAL SYSTEM
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
THE BASIN:
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
- Lacustrine limestones (Chinchón, Colmenar de Oreja)
- Marls and gypsum (La Poveda, and Ciempozuelos cliffs)
- Sands and gravels (El Pardo, Majadahonda, Tres Cantos)
THE BASIN:
Alpine orogeny
<= Gypsum and red clays (Torrelaguna)
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
Author: Mauricio Antón (MNCN)
Scene recreating the environment deduced from the Miocene fossil site of the M-30 (Casa de Campo, Madrid)
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
Author: Mauricio Antón (MNCN)
Scene recreating the environment deduced from the Miocene fossil site of the “Hidroléctrica” (Paseo de la Virgen del Puerto, Madrid)
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
Author: Mauricio Antón (MNCN)
Scene recreating the environment deduced from the Miocene fossil site of the Cerro Batallones (Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid)
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
Atapuerca family picture. Author: Mauricio Antón (MNCN)
Period Epoch
Quaternary (2.6 Ma - today)
Holocene (11,000 a - today)
Pleistocene (2.6 Ma – 11,000 a)
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
THE VALLEYS:
Epoch
Holocene (11,000 a - today)
Pleistocene (2.6 Ma – 11,000 a)
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
<= Modern alluvial deposits (flood plains)
<= Fluvial terrace deposits (sands and gravels)
THE VALLEYS:
Epoch
Holocene (11,000 a - today)
Pleistocene (2.6 Ma – 11,000 a)
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
And also… glaciers!
Glacial evolution of the Peñalara massif Author: Eduardo Acaso
Epoch
Holocene (11,000 a - today)
Pleistocene (2.6 Ma – 11,000 a)
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
So… What will we see
tomorrow?
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
GRANITES
- Geological setting
- Plutonic rocks (magma “frozen” underground), silica-rich (acid) composed of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase and biotite, plus local moscovite, amphiboles, cordierite, etc.
- Types: leucogranites vs monzogranites, porphyritic vs equigranular, coarse vs fine…
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
Type of textures in different rocks of granitic composition
Rock: Granite Granite porphyry Aplite Pegmatite Obsidian
Type of texture: Granitic Porphyritic Aplitic Pegmatitic Vitreous
Size of crystals: All average Some large and some small All small All large No crystals (just glass)
How did the rock form?
Many crystals grew slowly
A few crystals grew slowly, then the rest grew quickly
Many crystals grew quickly
A few crystals grew slowly
Rapid cooling inhibits cristal growth
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
GRANITIC MASSIFS
- Geological setting
- Lithology (different compositions)
- Fracturing of rocks
- Climate and erosion
ESAC talk on the geology of Madrid 01-12-2016
Come to the field with us tomorrow!!
Thank you very much for your attention.
…and don’t forget to visit our museum at
Ríos Rosas, 23 (Madrid)