WHAT IS BIOLOGY?
BIOLOGY is the study of life.
It comes from the Greek words: BIO- (life) and LOGOS
(study)
Why do you think is important to Why do you think is important to study Biology?study Biology?
1.1. To help protects endangered To help protects endangered speciesspecies
2.2. To advance in the solution of To advance in the solution of medical problemsmedical problems
3.3. To understand our bodies betterTo understand our bodies better
4.4. To protect the environmentTo protect the environment
5.5. ……
Other Sciences:Other Sciences:
ZOOLOGY
Study of animals
BOTANY
Study of Plants
MICROBIOLOGY
Study of microorganisms (bacteria, virus…)
ECOLOGY
Study of the relation of the Study of the relation of the organisms and their environmentorganisms and their environment
GEOLOGY
Study of the Earth’s surface Study of the Earth’s surface (mountains, volcanoes, minerals…)(mountains, volcanoes, minerals…)
PALEONTOLOGYPALEONTOLOGY
Study of fossilsStudy of fossils
CLIMATOLOGY
Study of clime (weather)Study of clime (weather)
HYDROLOGY
Study of water resources (rivers, Study of water resources (rivers, lakes, oceans…)lakes, oceans…)
GEOGRAPHY
Study of maps, populations, countries economics…
ANTHROPOLOGY
Study of human populationsStudy of human populations
CHEMISTRY
Study of chemical interactions
WHAT DOES “ TO BE ALIVE” MEAN?
1. LIVING THINGS ARE 1. LIVING THINGS ARE ORGANIZEDORGANIZED
All living things are made of cells All living things are made of cells (UNICELLULAR or MULTICELLULAR)(UNICELLULAR or MULTICELLULAR)
1. 1. AtomsAtoms (ex: Hydrogen) (ex: Hydrogen)2. 2. MoleculesMolecules (ex: water H (ex: water H22O)O)3. 3. CellsCells (ex: Bacteria) (ex: Bacteria)4. 4. TissueTissue (ex: skin) (ex: skin)
5. 5. OrganOrgan (ex. Liver) (ex. Liver)6. 6. SystemSystem (ex. Digestive system) (ex. Digestive system)7. 7. Organisms Organisms (ex: a human)(ex: a human)8. 8. PopulationPopulation (ex: a group of lions) (ex: a group of lions)9. 9. CommunityCommunity (ex: lions+ zebras+ (ex: lions+ zebras+
hyenas)hyenas)10. 10. EcosystemEcosystem (ex: lions+ zebras+ (ex: lions+ zebras+
hyenas+ trees+ mountains+ air)hyenas+ trees+ mountains+ air)11. 11. BiosphereBiosphere (All places where Living (All places where Living
things are found. Ex: The planet things are found. Ex: The planet Earth)Earth)
2. LIVING THINGS MAKE MORE 2. LIVING THINGS MAKE MORE LIVING THINGSLIVING THINGS
REPRODUCTIONREPRODUCTION (Production of more (Production of more offspring). offspring).
SPECIESSPECIES: Group of organisms that : Group of organisms that CAN INTERBREEDCAN INTERBREED and produce and produce
FERTILEFERTILE offspring. offspring.
Ex: Ex:
CAN A GREAT DANE AND A CHIHUAHUA
INTERBREED?
CAN A HORSE AND A DONKEY INTERBREED?
MULE (FEMALE HORSE+ MALE DONKEY). MULES CAN NOT REPRODUCE. DONKEYS
AND HORSES ARE NOT THE SAME SPECIES.
CAN A LION AND A TIGER INTERBREED?
LIGER (LION+ TIGER) THEY CAN NOT REPRODUCE. TIGERS AND
LIONS ARE NOT THE SAME SPECIES.
3. LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY
Some organisms such as Plants use SUNLIGHT as the source of energy (Photosynthesis)
Animals need TO EAT (SUGARS) to get the energy that they need.
Once the sugars are used, they release GAS into the air (CO2)
Energy is used to grow, move, reproduce…
4. LIVING THINGS CHANGE DURING THEIR LIVES
GAMETES (male and female)
The organisms GROWS and DEVELOPS taking
the characteristics of its species
SPERM
EGG
CELL
Is it the same to grow than to develop?
NOGROW: The increase in mass
or dimensions of an organism with time.
DEVELOP: To change the characteristics of an organisms. To mature.
5. LIVING THINGS ADJUST TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT
All living things interact with the environment in which they live.
STIMULUS (stimuli): It is any condition in the environment that requires an organism to adjust.
RESPONSE:The reaction to a stimulus.
Ex:1. What does the bear do when it is cold?HIBERNATE(Stimulus: To be cold/ Response:
Hibernate)2. What does the deer do when notes the
presence of the deer hunter?3. What do humans do when they are
cold?4. What do humans do when they are hot?
Animals must maintain certain body conditions in order to survive.
HOMEOSTASIS: Internal regulation of an organism to maintain the conditions needed to survive.
Ex: Shiver, sweat, to be thirsty…
5. LIVING THINGS ADAPT AND EVOLVE
ADAPTATION: Any structure or behavior that enables an organism to better survive.
Ex: White fur in polar bearsAnd black skin
Ex: Orquids that resemble insects
Birds have hollow spongy bones so that they will be light enough to fly
Arctic animals have layers of fat and thick coats of fur to keep warm.
Activity:Try the following actions WITHOUT
USING YOUR THUMB:
A. Tie a knot in a piece of string. B. Remove one shoe and replace it on
your foot. C. Unbutton two buttons and button
them again. D. Write your name on a piece of
paper.
Humans are adapted for the things they do.
Ex: Our hand.Humans, monkeys or gorillas, have a
hand that can grasp objects.
EVOLUTION: Gradual accumulation of adaptation over time in a species.