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What Every Pacific Island Leader Should Know About Climate Change
Robert H. Richmond, Ph.D.
Kewalo Marine Laboratory
Pacific Biosciences Research Center
University of Hawaii at Manoa
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Importance of Coral Reefs
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Approximately 30% of Reefs Have Been Negatively Impacted by Human Activities
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Nuclear Testing: Extreme/Acute Disturbance
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Anthropogenic Disturbance
Overfishing
Coastal Pollution Recreational Impacts
Erosion & Sedimentation
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Global Climate Change
• Massive Regional Bleaching Events
• Alternate Stable States
• Ocean Acidification
• Irish Potato Famine of Reefs
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Typhoons and Sea Level
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Aragonite Saturation Levels in 1995
50°E 100°E 150°E 160°W 110°W 60°W 10°WKleypas et al., 2006
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Aragonite Saturation Levels in 2040
• • 50°E 100°E 150°E 160°W 110°W 60°W 10°W• Kleypas et al., 2006
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Ocean acidification effects
Fine and Tchernov, Science, 2007
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Persistence and Perpetuation of Coral Reefs
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0 50 100
Sediment plume
Credits: Teina Rongo
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Ngerikill Bay, Airai State – Republic of Palau
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Changes in Community Characteristics
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1900 1950 1960 1970 2009 2050 2060 2070 2100
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As-is +W LBR+W LBR+W+A optimistic
Future Scenarios
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Community Meetings – Ngermeduu Bay
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Local and Regional Capacity
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Partnerships, Trust and Common Goals