OBJECTIVES
Recognize the toxins and drugs used on the streets and street names
Understand how and why illegal and legal drugs are used
Discuss use of drugs and harm to the body Identify options and benefits of treatment
SUBSTANCE ABUSEFACT OR FICTION
Misperception: Fact:
Substance Abuse is a criminal behavior
Substance abuse is a disease
Substance abuse is a result of moral weakness
Substance abuse is genetic
Substance abuse is a personal choice
Substance abuse is a result of the hijacked brain
Addiction is an acute conditionAddiction is a chronic, relapsing disease
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DRUG USE IN USA 23.9 Million Americans aged 12 or older – 9.2% of
the entire population are current users. More than doubled the rate from 1969
Ages 12-17 appears to dropping 21.3% of ages 18-25, basically no increase 7.2% of ages 50-54 are using 6.6% of ages 55-59 are using 3% of 60-64 are still using
Typical Drug User
The National Survey on Drug Use and Health describes the typical drug users as: 18-25 yrs old Lives in the urban south 7.5 million users
Durden, T. (2013). Top 10 Facts About the U.S. Illegal Drug Market. www.zerohedge.com
Who are they?
New England and the Pacific West are the highest rates of usage at 11.4% and 12.3% per population.
New England has the biggest experimenting population at 55.4%
57.5% of users live in the metro areas with more than 1 million people.
Less than 1% of users live in the rural areasMales are 2X as likely to use than females ( 11.2% vs 6.8%)
Durden, T. (2013). Top 10 Facts About the U.S. Illegal Drug Market. www.zerohedge.com
Users Ethnic Background
9.1% of whites report current users 10.7% of blacks report use 3.5% of Asians report use 12.1% of American Indians
Durden, T. (2013). Top 10 Facts About the U.S. Illegal Drug Market. www.zerohedge.com
Regional Preference Marijuana seems the most popular at least 5% of population
uses in every region New England uses 10% which is the highest Northeast specifically New England are the top users of
powdered cocaine. South Atlantic is the hub for crack cocaine and hallucinogen
usage Pacific West is inhalant use, most popular in rural areas.
Also unprescribed psychotherapeutics (tranquilizers, sedatives, etc)
Midwest uses highest level of illicit pain relievers with the Eastern South Central region of the south following
Durden, T. (2013). Top 10 Facts About the U.S. Illegal Drug Market. www.zerohedge.com
What Does the Addict look like today
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cskq_zGVSZs&feature=youtu.be
Category & Name
Examples of Commercial &
Street Names
DEA Schedule
How Administer
ed*Marijuana Blunt, dope, ganja, grass,
herb, joint, bud, Mary Jane, pot, reefer, green, trees, smoke, sinsemilla, skunk, weed
I ? Smoked, swallowed
Hashish Boom, gangster, hash, hash oil, hemp
I ? Smoked, swallowed
Cannabinoids
EFFECTS AND RISKS
Acute Effects - Euphoria; relaxation; slowed reaction time; distorted sensory perception; impaired balance and coordination; increased heart rate and appetite; impaired learning, memory; anxiety; panic attacks; psychosis
Health Risks - Cough, frequent respiratory infections; possible mental health decline; addiction
Category &
Name
Examples of Commercial & Street Names
DEA Schedule
How Administered*
Heroin Diacetylmorphine: smack, horse, brown sugar, dope, H, junk, skag, skunk, white horse, China white; cheese (with OTC cold medicine and antihistamine)
I ? Injected, smoked, snorted
Opium Laudanum, paregoric: big O, black stuff, block, gum, hop
II, III, V ? Swallowed, smoked
Opioids
EFFECTS AND RISKS
Acute Effects - Euphoria; relaxation; slowed reaction time; distorted sensory perception; impaired balance and coordination; increased heart rate and appetite; impaired learning, memory; anxiety; panic attacks; psychosis
Health Risks - Cough, frequent respiratory infections; possible mental health decline; addiction
Category & Name
Examples of Commercial
& Street Names
DEA Schedule
How Administered*
Cocaine Cocaine hydrochloride: blow, bump, C, candy, Charlie, coke, crack, flake, rock, snow, toot
II ? snorted, smoked, injected
Amphetamine
Biphetamine, Dexedrine: bennies, black beauties, crosses, hearts, LA turnaround, speed, truck drivers, uppers
II ? swallowed, snorted, smoked, injected
Methamph-etamine
Desoxyn: meth, ice, crank, chalk, crystal, fire, glass, go fast, speed
II ? swallowed, snorted, smoked, injected
FACES OF METH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5iW_fsb3Dqw
EFFECTS AND RISKS Acute Effects - Increased heart rate, blood
pressure, body temperature, metabolism; feelings of exhilaration; increased energy, mental alertness; tremors; reduced appetite; irritability; anxiety; panic; paranoia; violent behavior; psychosis
Health Risks - Weight loss, insomnia; cardiac or cardiovascular complications; stroke; seizures; addiction
Also, for cocaine – Nasal damage from snorting Also, for methamphetamine – Severe dental
problem
Category & Name
Examples of Commercial & Street Names
DEA ScheduleHow
Administered*
MDMA (methylene-dioxy-methamph-etamine)
Ecstasy, Adam, clarity, Eve, lover's speed, peace, uppers
I ? swallowed, snorted, injected
F
lunitrazepam **
Rohypnol: forget-me pill, Mexican Valium, R2, roach, Roche, roofies, roofinol, rope, rophies
IV ? swallowed, snorted
GHB ** Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: G, Georgia home boy, grievous bodily harm, liquid ecstasy, soap, scoop, goop, liquid X
I ? swallowed
Club Drugs
EFFECTS AND RISKS Acute Effects, for MDMA - Mild hallucinogenic
effects; increased tactile sensitivity; empathic feelings; lowered inhibition; anxiety; chills; sweating; teeth clenching; muscle cramping
Also, for Flunitrazepam - Sedation; muscle relaxation; confusion; memory loss; dizziness; impaired coordination
Also, for GHB - Drowsiness; nausea; headache; disorientation; loss of coordination; memory loss
Health Risks, for MDMA - Sleep disturbances; depression; impaired memory; hyperthermia; addiction
Also, for Flunitrazepam - Addiction Also, for GHB - Unconsciousness; seizures; coma
Category & Name
Examples of Commercial & Street Names
DEA ScheduleHow
Administered*
Ketamine Ketalar SV: cat Valium, K, Special K, vitamin K
III ? injected, snorted, smoked
PCP and analogs
Phencyclidine: angel dust, boat, hog, love boat, peace pill
I, II ? swallowed, smoked, injected
Salvia divinorum
Salvia, Shepherdess's Herb, Maria Pastora, magic mint, Sally-D
Not Scheduled chewed, swallowed, smoked
Dextrometh-orphan (DXM)
Found in some cough and cold medications: Robotripping, Robo, Triple C
Not Scheduled swallowed
Dissociative Drugs
EFFECTS AND RISKS
Acute Effects - Feelings of being separate from one’s body and environment; impaired motor function
Also, for ketamine - Analgesia; impaired memory; delirium; respiratory depression and arrest; death
Also, for PCP and analogs - Analgesia; psychosis; aggression; violence; slurred speech; loss of coordination; hallucinations
Also, for DXM - Euphoria; slurred speech; confusion; dizziness; distorted visual perceptions
Health Risks - Anxiety; tremors; numbness; memory loss; nausea
Category & Name
Examples of Commercial & Street
Names
DEA Schedule
How Administer
ed*
Lysergic acid diethylamide:acid, blotter, cubes, microdot yellow sunshine, blue heaven
I ? swallowed, absorbed through mouth tissues
LSD Buttons, cactus, mesc, peyote
I ? swallowed, smoked
Mescaline Magic mushrooms, purple passion, shrooms, little smoke
I ? swallowed
Psilocybin
Hallucinogens
EFFECT AND RISKS Acute Effects - Altered states of perception and
feeling; hallucinations; nausea Also, for LSD - Increased body temperature, heart
rate, blood pressure; loss of appetite; sweating; sleeplessness; numbness, dizziness, weakness, tremors; impulsive behavior; rapid shifts in emotion
Also, for Mescaline - Increased body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure; loss of appetite; sweating; sleeplessness; numbness, dizziness, weakness, tremors; impulsive behavior; rapid shifts in emotion
Also, for Psilocybin - Nervousness; paranoia; panic Health Risks, for LSD - Flashbacks, Hallucinogen
Persisting Perception Disorder
Category & Name
Examples of Commercial & Street Names
DEA Schedule
How Administere
d*Anabolic steroids
Anadrol, Oxandrin, Durabolin, Depo-Testosterone, Equipoise: roids, juice, gym candy, pumpers
III ? Injected, swallowed, applied to skin
Inhalants Solvents (paint thinners, gasoline, glues); gases (butane, propane, aerosol propellants, nitrous oxide); nitrites (isoamyl, isobutyl, cyclohexyl): laughing gas, poppers, snappers, whippets
Not scheduled Inhaled through nose or mouth
Other Compounds
EFFECTS AND RISKS
Acute Effects, for Anabolic steroids - No intoxication effects
Also, for Inhalants (varies by chemical) - Stimulation; loss of inhibition; headache; nausea or vomiting; slurred speech; loss of motor coordination; wheezing
Health Risks, for Anabolic steroids - Hypertension; blood clotting and cholesterol changes; liver cysts; hostility and aggression; acne; in adolescents—premature stoppage of growth; in males—prostate cancer, reduced sperm production, shrunken testicles, breast enlargement; in females—menstrual irregularities, development of beard and other masculine characteristics
Also, for Inhalants - Cramps; muscle weakness; depression; memory impairment; damage to cardiovascular and nervous systems; unconsciousness; sudden death
NameExamples of
Commercial & Street Names
DEA ScheduleHow
Administered*
Barbiturates Amytal, Nembutal, Seconal, Phenobarbital; barbs, reds, red birds, phennies, tooies, yellows, yellow jackets
II, III, V ? injected, swallowed
Benzodiazepines
Ativan, Halcion, Librium, Valium, Xanax; candy, downers, sleeping pills, tranks
IV ? swallowed
Sleep Medications
Ambien (zolpidem), Sonata (zaleplon), Lunesta (eszopiclone); forget-me pill, Mexican Valium, R2, Roche, roofies, roofinol, rope, rophies
IV ? swallowed, snorted
Depressants
SIDE EFFECTS AND RISKS
Intoxication Effects - Sedation/drowsiness, reduced anxiety, feelings of well-being, lowered inhibitions, slurred speech, poor concentration, confusion, dizziness, impaired coordination and memory
Potential Health Consequences - lowered blood pressure, slowed breathing, tolerance, withdrawal, addiction; increased risk of respiratory distress and death when combined with alcohol
Also, for barbiturates - euphoria, unusual excitement, fever, irritability/life-threatening withdrawal in chronic users
NameExamples of
Commercial & Street Names
DEA Schedule
How Administer
ed*
Codeine
Empirin with Codeine, Fiorinal with Codeine, Robitussin A-C, Tylenol with Codeine; Captain Cody, Cody, schoolboy; (with glutethimide: doors & fours, loads, pancakes and syrup)
II, III, V ? Injected,swallowed
NAME Examples of Commercial & Street
Names
DEA Schedule
HOWADMINISTERED
Fentanyl & analogs
Actiq, Duragesic, Sublimaze; Apache, China girl, China white, dance fever, friend, goodfella, jackpot, murder 8, TNT, Tango and Cash
II ? injected, smoked, snorted
Methadone Methadone, Dolophine; Frizzies, amidone(MDMA); chocolate chip cookies
II ? Swallowed, injected
NameExamples
ofCommercial & Street Nmes
DEA Schedule
How Administered*
Other opioid pain relievers: Oxycodone HCL, Hydrocodone Bitartrate Hydromorphone, Oxymorphone, Meperidine, Propoxyphene
, Oxycontin, Percodan, Percocet: Oxy, O.C., oxycotton, oxycet, hillbillyheTyloxroin, percsVicodin, Lortab, Lorcet; Vike, Watson-387Dilaudid; juice, smack, D, footballs, dilliesOpana, Numporphan, Numorphone; biscuits, blue heaven, blues, Mrs. O, octagons, stop signs, O bombDemerol, meperidine hydrochloride; demmies, pain killerDarvon, Darvocet
II, III, V ? Morphine
Opioids and Morphine Derivatives**
Side Effects and Consequences Intoxication Effects - Pain relief, euphoria, drowsiness,
sedation, weakness, dizziness, nausea, impaired coordination, confusion, dry mouth, itching, sweating, clammy skin, constipation
Potential Health Consequences - slowed or arrested breathing, lowered pulse and blood pressure, tolerance, addiction, unconsciousness, coma, death; risk of death increased when combined with alcohol or other CNS depressants
Also for fentanyl - 80-100 times more potent analgesic than morphine
Also for oxycodone - muscle relaxation/twice as potent analgesic as morphine; high abuse potential
Also for codeine - less analgesia, sedation, and respiratory depression than morphine
Also for methadone - used to treat opioid addiction and pain; significant overdose risk when used improperly
Name
Examples ofCommercial
& Street Names
DEA ScheduleHow
Administered*
Amphetamines
Biphetamine, Dexedrine, Adderall; bennies, black beauties, crosses, hearts, LA turnaround, speed, truck drivers, uppers
II ? injected, swallowed, smoked, snorted
Methylphenidate
Concerta, Ritalin; JIF, MPH, R-ball, Skippy, the smart drug, vitamin R
II ? injected, swallowed, snorted
Stimulants
Side Effects and Consequences Intoxication Effects - Feelings of exhilaration,
increased energy, mental alertness Potential Health Consequences - increased
heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism, reduced appetite, weight loss, nervousness, insomnia, seizures, heart attack, stroke
Also, for amphetamines - rapid breathing, tremor, loss of coordination, irritability, anxiousness, restlessness/delirium, panic, paranoia, hallucinations, impulsive behavior, aggressiveness, tolerance, addiction
Also, for methylphenidate - increase or decrease in blood pressure, digestive problems, loss of appetite, weight loss
Name
Examples ofCommercial
& Street Names
DEA Schedule
How Administer
ed*
Dextromethorphan (DXM)
Found in some cough and cold medicines; Robotripping, Robo, Triple C
Not scheduled swallowed
Other Compounds
Side Effects and Consequences
Intoxication Effects - Euphoria, slurred speech
Potential Health Consequences - increased heart rate and blood pressure, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, paranoia, distorted visual perceptions, impaired motor function
References Drug abuse in Ohio retrieved from
www.healthy.ohio.gov/vipp/drug/dpoison.aspx on February 6, 2015
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Bath Salts (Synthetic Cathinones) Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/bath-salts-synthetic-cathinones on March 10, 2015
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Heroin Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/heroin on March 10, 2015
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Trends & Statistics Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics on March 10, 2015
Rural Ohio ravaged by drug deaths. Norwalk Reflector, March 31, 2014. Retrieved Feb 8, 2015.
www.cdc.gov
www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov
www.healthyamericans.org/reports/drugabuse2013
www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/dmas/Ohio_DMA-2011(U).pdf
www.zerohedge.com