Download - WELCOME TO COVID CLINICAL ECHO Week 26
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WELCOME TO COVID CLINICAL ECHO Week 26
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Overview•Covid-19 update
•Your Questions
•Developing better together Day Services Overgate Hospices and Dorothy House
•Ambulance Service perspective Karina Catley.
•Hospice Perspective St. Luke’s Sheffield (Unconfirmed)
•Chat Box Feedback &New Resources
•Care After Death Dawn Hart
Chat Box• Questions• Potential Answers• Resources• Information /innovations• Email [email protected]
Please share resources, powerpoint, links etc. to those who would benefit
Day Care and Ambulances
Services in COVID
Facing the Autumn Together
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Over 248 deaths across the UK since we met last. These COVID numbers are us… mothers, brothers, our colleagues and co-workers , friends, grandparents, children…
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Daily death total up from 15 to 155
Week 26 COVID ECHO Update
In past Month daily death total varied from 5 to 123
X3
Daily up 1
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7 million more infected130,000 more deaths
12th September, 2020
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Key things to remember from the
Spring Surge of COVID-19
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Uncertainties Abound
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www.hospiceuk.org
PositivesPPE saves lives, - distribution much better
Collaboration works, improves morale, quality of care, the management of uncertainty, and the speed of innovation
The majority of people want to do the “right thing”
People are capable of amazing self-sacrifice for the benefit of others
Care Home Awareness raised to unprecedented level
Community support initiatives reconnected people.
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Leadership hugely difficult balancing risks of health & economic destruction
Ignoring care homes, ethnic minorities, people with chronic illness, isolated populations, doesn’t work
Scapegoating doesn’t help outcomes even if it feels good, - GPs, Young people, Pubs, Beaches,Politicians, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump. Individual agency remains.
Managing uncertainty is very stressfulVisiting or stopping visitingKeeping service going or stopping servicePatient need or staff need
Mixed messages create distrust
Negatives
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Serious Disease
Asymptomatic transmission
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RememberLong Covid
Maybe even much more
mild cases (like seasonal flu)?
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Changing Regard For NHSMay September
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Charity challenges relative visiting rulesThe UK charity John’s Campaign instructed lawyers to ask for a judicial review of government guidance that restricts family visits to loved ones in care homes, saying it believed that family members were not visitors but were integral to care home residents’ wellbeing and happiness. ..the guidance had fundamental flaws that were “rooted in the government’s failure to take account of human rights . . . There is no emphasis on the importance of meeting the individual needs and choices of care home residents, many of whom are living with dementia—a disability as well as a terminal illness.”
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www.hospiceuk.org
Revisit visiting policy on a regular basis
Testing & home working plans
Set safe limits in consultation before crisis
Business Continuity ECHO Network
Autumn Challenges
• Managing visiting for patients, families and staff• Managing workforce which is going to be irregular with
sudden infection spikes taking people off the rota• Managing services and balancing the need to keep
services going with the risks of running a service with inadequate staff
• Managing finances as recession, and slump in income hits• Dealing with personal and professional loss of colleagues,
family members and friends• Managing the loss of esteem and support from general
public• Brexit uncertainties ramping up
Network and staff support priorities
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Update on SARS-CoV-2August 31st 2020
Grant Waterer
Professor of Medicine, University of Western Australia
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BMJ seven days in Medicine.• Risks to younger children in COVID are minimal Publich Health Englan’s COVID-19
Surveillance in SCHOOL KIDS (sKIDS found that of 12,026 childen and adults in primary schools tested in 136 schools just one child and two adults tested positive.
• Russian Sputnik V vaccine 76 people aged 18-60 followed for 7 weeks mild side effects common antibody responses seen in all within 21 days
• USA. CDC ready to distribute Vaccine by November 1. Two days before American Election.
• Visits to A&E departments in England by children and teenagers fell by 62% from mid March to Mid May and visits for injuries fell by 67%
• A simplified Doctors appraisal scheme due to restart in October, with “focus on support and wellbeing rather than paperwork”
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
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TestingStill not clear when, how where
Concern we do not confuse screening and testing
Boris Johnson was warned over Covid 'moonshot' testing plan
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Pharmacology
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WHO on Steroids• Hydrocortisone can be used as an alternative to dexamethasone to treat patients severely ill
with covid-19
• The WHO Rapid Evidence Appraisal for Covid-19 Therapies (REACT) Working Group conducted a meta-analysis of seven trials that evaluated corticosteroids (mainly hydrocortisone or dexamethasone) in 1703 critically ill patients in 12 countries from 26 February to 9 June 2020, with final follow-up on 6 July.
• They reported in JAMA that, when compared with usual care or placebo, dexamethasone and hydrocortisone reduced the risk of death by about a third (fixed effect summary odd ratio for association with mortality 0.64 (95% confidence interval 0.50 to 0.82) with dexamethasone and 0.69 (0.43 to 1.12; P=0.13) with hydrocortisone), while methylprednisolone showed a smaller effect (0.91 (0.29 to 2.87)).
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So steroids?• Probably anyone needing MV
• None of the trials have shown harm
• Although we don’t have >28-day outcomes
• Probably anyone under 70 who has rapidly deteriorating oxygenation
• Need more data in women, diabetics, older adults
• Need longer term follow up data
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Recovery trial
• Covid-19: RECOVERY trial will evaluate “antiviral antibody cocktail”
• BMJ 2020; 370 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3584 (Published 15 September 2020)Cite this as: BMJ 2020;370:m3584
• REGN-COV2 comprises two monoclonal antibodies that bind to the critical receptor binding domain of the virus’s spike protein
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Conclusions• No magic bullet
• Steroids probably justified in severe disease pending more data
• No other effective therapy
• Outcome actually pretty good in those who don’t present needing oxygen
• Outcome not as bad in high quality healthcare settings as is being reported in some series – unless you are over 70
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Vaccines• Induce a humoral (antibody
response)
• Induce a cell-mediated immune response
• Multiple current vaccines in development have shown they can do this
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Amazing Work being Done• Over 300 vaccines under development across world
• Oxford made vaccine in February monkey adeno virus vector and Covid spike protein genetics
• Astrazeneca producing millions of doses, in the hope…
• Trials 18-59 now over 60s
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Why might a vaccine not work?
• Large exposure
• Infection outcome is a race between the immune system and the pathogen
• Vaccines give the immune system a head start
• Too much bug – even an immune system with warning can’t cope
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Why might a vaccine not work?
• The immune response isn’t where it needs to be
• Immunoglobulins in the blood don’t help you in the upper respiratory tract
• Need IgA response or CMI in the respiratory tract
• Variable and challenging
• Inhaled antigen?
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Why might a vaccine not work?• Just because you make antibodies doesn’t mean they work very well
• Amount of antibody varies
• Genetic
• Age
• Comorbidity
• ‘stickiness’ or affinity of the antibodies varies
• Age
• Properties of the vaccine antigen
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Why might a vaccine not work?
• A vaccine could make the disease worse
• RSV in the 1970’s
• Dengue
• Mass produce, distribute
• Antigenic shift just like influenza
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1 patient, 2 episodes of SARS-CoV-2 4.5 months apart
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So where are we at with vaccines?
• We know the spike protein can produce an antibody and cell-mediated immune response
• We don’t know if this response is protective
• We don’t know how protective
• We don’t know how long the response will last for
• We don’t know if it will have adverse effects
• Best guess – partially effective vaccine widely available mid 2021
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Isn’t there any good news?
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Saliva samples seems to be just as good as nasopharyngeal
Whylie et al New Engl J Med 2020 Aug 28
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CLINICAL ISSUES
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According to research from the COVID Symptom Study app (52%) of children school aged children (those under the age of 18) who tested positive for COVID don’t log any ‘adult’ classic symptoms (cough, fever, anosmia) in the week before and after the test.In addition, a third (33%) of children who
tested positive for COVID never logged any of the 20 symptoms listed in the App suggesting many children are asymptomatic.
The top five symptoms in school aged children who test positive for COVID fatigue (55%) headache (53%), fever (49%), sore throat (38%) loss of appetite (35%)(15%) children who test positive for COVID present with an unusual skin rash.adults; fatigue (87%), headache (72%), loss of smell (60%), persistent cough (54%) sore throat (49%).
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Covid-19: UK studies find gastrointestinal symptoms are common in children
BMJ 2020; 370 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3484 (Published 07 September 2020)Cite this as: BMJ 2020;370:m3484
Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 and should trigger tests for the virusA prospective study of 992 healthy children (median age 10.1 years) of healthcare workers from across the UK found that 68 (6.9%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.1Half of the children testing positive reported no symptoms, but for those that did the commonest were fever (21 of 68, 31%); gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps (13 of 68, 19%); and headache (12 of 68, 18%).
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SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in pregnant women: characterization of symptoms and syndromes predictive of disease and severity through real-time,
remote participatory epidemiology.
Objective: To test the hypothesis that pregnant women in community differ in their COVID-19 symptoms profile and disease severity compared to non-pregnant women. Study design: This observational study used prospectively collected longitudinal (smartphone application interface) and cross-sectional (web-based survey) data. Participants in the discovery cohort were drawn from 400,750 UK, Sweden and US women (79 pregnant who tested positive) who self-reported symptoms and events longitudinally via their smartphone, and a replication cohort drawn from 1,344,966 USA women (162 pregnant who tested positive) self- reports samples from the social media active user base.
Pre Print Link to Article Abstract
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Results: Pregnant and non-pregnant women positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection drawn from these community cohorts were not different with respect to COVID-19-related severity. Pregnant women were more likely to have received SARS-CoV-2 testing than non-pregnant, despite reporting fewer clinical symptoms. Pre-existing lung disease was most closely associated with the severity of symptoms in pregnant hospitalized women. Heart and kidney diseases and diabetes were additional factors of increased risk. The most frequent symptoms among all non-hospitalized women were anosmia [63% in pregnant, 92% in non-pregnant] and headache [72%, 62%]. Cardiopulmonary symptoms, including persistent cough [80%] and chest pain [73%], were more frequent among pregnant women who were hospitalized. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea and vomiting, were different among pregnant and non-pregnant women who developed severe outcomes.
No difference in severity of COVID in community pregnancy unless pre
existing disease
Pregnant women with pre-existing conditions require careful monitoring for the evolution of their symptoms during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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www.hospiceuk.org
Your questions…
• Here we take a look at some of the questions raised at the ECHO on 19 August and others emailed to us between these sessions
• Please use the Chatbox if you have any responses to the questions raised –we are wiser together.
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www.hospiceuk.org
Community wisdom
• “Are hospices continuing to shield patients given the change in the government advice?”
• “Has everyone come across the NHS Risk assessment tool that looks at environment and then 'Covid-age’?”
• https://www.gov.scot/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-guidance-on-individual-risk-assessment-for-the-workplace/
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www.hospiceuk.org
Community wisdom
• “Children under 18 are sometimes still barred from visiting dying relatives. Do any hospices have examples of good/flexible practices to share to facilitate this please?”
• “What are other Hospices planning to do about re-opening their services in light of the new Government rule of 6 especially in regard to day services?”
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www.hospiceuk.org
• Normal disease progression can cause increased chest excretions and sometimes spiking temperatures. We are re-swabbing over and over despite negative tests. Do any hospices have a protocol for symptoms that can be applied or is a blanket approach used?
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www.hospiceuk.org
Hetherington et al• Dyspnoea and agitation most prevalent
symptoms• Short dying phase• Symptoms can be controlled effectively
in most cases with standard doses of opioids and benzodiazepines
• Short time spent under Palliative Care (median 2 days - usual 5 days)
(n=186 none from ICU/few from high dependency)
Pall Med (2020) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0269216320949786
Alderman et al
• Shortness of breath (57.5%)
• Agitation/delirium (55.5%)
• Cough and audible respiratory secretions relatively uncommon
• Increase in number of patients with shortness of breath, agitation and audible respiratory secretions in last 72h of life
(n=61)
Pall Med (2020) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0269216320947312
People with Covid receiving EOL in hospital –two retrospective analyses
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www.hospiceuk.org
Hospice responses
A brief look at some of the ways in which hospices are responding to COVID-19 and supporting local communities.
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www.hospiceuk.org
Blythe House Hospice Builds Back Better
This Autumn will see Blythe House Hospice launch new community hub
Wide range of services to be delivered in ‘a more modern, post-COVID-19 way’
Find out more: https://blythehousehospice.org.uk/blythe-house-hospicecare-is-building-back-better-with-launch-of-new-community-hub/
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Health Care Worker Safety in COVID
Infection rates in Health staff vary across the world
In UK Patient facing 1.58% vs non Patient facing 0.27% June 27 2020
Mortality also increased especially in males but caveats..
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DAY SERVICES
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Development of Virtual Day Hospice
Why?
Trials
Who? How?
What?
Successes Moving Forwards
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Everyday, Everyone.Day Services – Revive and Thrive
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Our community700 Square mile
BaNES
NE SOMERSET
NORTH WILTS
WEST WILTS
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Where are we today?
586 Palliative patients being cared for320 Clients being supported32 New referrals a week on average451 DHNS contacts per week on average134 Day patient contacts per week on average
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Day services
Building for the future
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What services sit within Day Services• Day patient Unit• Time out for you• COPE• Hydrotherapy• Physiotherapy• Occupational Therapy• Lymphoedema• Creative Arts• Complementary Therapies• Nutrition & Dietitics Service• Community Outreach
Service
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5 priorities of care
1. To continue to support the patient and clients at a time where access to health and social care is compromised.
2. To continue to provide a safe and quality based service that meets all the requirements of our contracts and CQC
3. To support our community and primary care partners in delivering healthcare and palliative care.
4. To support and review capacity of team and consider how to meet the challenge of supporting patients and families with a reduced workforce
5. To work within government guidelines in managing Infection Control and social distancing.
So that we continue to be at the heart of ourcommunity, when it matters most, not justnow but in the future.
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What are we doing now?
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Wellbeing HubBrought together services that had to be stopped due to COVIDTelephone ContactVideo ConsultationCommunity VisitsVirtual GroupsExercise GroupsLymphoedema Support SessionsFatigue and SleepRelaxation and Anxiety ManagementBreathlessness managementCoffee Clubs Teens GroupYoung Persons Group
Add content by clicking on of the icons above or inserting text in
the placeholders
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Revive and Thrive
• Continue with virtual support• Develop community outreach
model • Watch and wait about
restarting of Day Hospice Model providing targeted support and advice
• Community based groups and support available in the PCN’s to have care, groups and clinics closer to home
• Winter planning!!
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Supporting our people to Meet the challengeMaintain what’s working well
Good ethos, good supervision and
culture of support
Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) model
Support the team to engage with, review and
plan for what needs to be changed
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Ambulance and Palliative Services
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Karina CatleyMacmillan Evaluation Lead | Paramedic London Ambulance Service NHS [email protected]
Delivering Pre-hospital Palliative & End of Life Care during a Pandemic
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London Ambulance Service NHS Trust
• Over 2 million 999 calls & attended 1.1 million in 2019/20• 4,957 Ambulance Operational
staff
ØPalliative and End of Life Care on Paramedic curriculum 2017
ØAt least 18,500 palliative/EoLC patients per year
Background
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London Ambulance Service NHS Trust
• Demand increasing by approx. 25%• A rise in advance care planning- 10,235 new ‘Coordinate My Care’ records
April
Key areas highlighted:• High call rate from Health Care Professionals• Importance of clear advance care planning• Shared Decision Making • Anticipatory Medications
COVID-19
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London Ambulance Service NHS Trust
Paramedic Role
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* Temporary COVID-19 guidance
Paramedics can… Paramedics cannot…
Administer anticipatory medications including via subcutaneous route
Administer if no MAARs chart available on sceneChange/stop/start a syringe pump
Administer Trust issued Morphine for pain and breathlessness* and anti-emetic
Routinely prescribe medications
Review advance care planning if made available (CMC in London)
Always access this information electronically
Perform advanced patient assessment Change/adjust blocked catheters, take bloods routinely, limited wound management
Leave patients in the community Leave deteriorating patients in the community without an onward referral
Identify acute presentations/crisis Make the BEST for the decision for the patient without your specialist input
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London Ambulance Service NHS Trust
• Advance Care Planning- clear & easily accessible• Shared decision making- the ‘unknown’ patient• Limited out of hours support- the ‘3am’ scenario•Mutual understanding of each others practice and processes
ØLink in with your local ambulance trust Palliative and End of Life Care Lead/Champions
Working effectively with Ambulance Clinicians
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London Ambulance Service NHS Trust
Thank you
Questions…
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Resources
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www.hospiceuk.org
3rd Edition Care after Death Guidance
• Fully revised and updated resource
• Significant to all staff who are responsible for care after death
• Relevant to all four nations, respecting both individual law and evolution of clinical practice
• Supports the care of the deceased adult during the time of COVID-19
• Includes a practical guide to the Personal Care After Death
https://www.hospiceuk.org/what-we-offer/publications
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www.hospiceuk.org
Updates in the 3rd Edition
Legal Aspects
Care after Death
Personal Care after Death
Education and Training
https://www.hospiceuk.org/what-we-offer/publications
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www.hospiceuk.org
Appendix 1
https://www.hospiceuk.org/what-we-offer/publications
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Conventional Care
Contingency Care Crisis Care Sustainable Care New Conventional care
Usual resourcesUsual level of care
Functionally equivalent Adapted from usual practices
Inadequate resourcesIncreased morbidity and mortality
Re-opening and changing servicesLearning lessons
Innovative, efficient and effective careReduced morbidity and mortality
Primary care triage COVID centre triage COVID centre triage
Admit if necessary Admit if necessary Admit if necessary and able Admit if necessary Admit if necessary
• PANG• RPMG EoL• Regional
conversion tables
• Community pharmacy palliative care network
• RPMG diabetes EoL.
• Telephone advice lines. • Return of retired colleagues.• RPMG COVID symptom
management in last days of life.• Symptom guidance in COVID. • O2• Interim guidelines for funeral
directors.• Rapid discharge home to die. • Guidance on the new arrangements
for the completion and issuing of MCCD and stillbirth certificates.
• Urgent pandemic pack for PNH (Just in case boxes)
• Education and training.• Communication prompts and tools. • ACP.• Information for HCPs re potential
options for care during COVID • Verification of life extinct for COVID-
19• Bereavement
Lack of care, drugs, O2, CSCIs.• RPMG COVID symptom
management at EoL 3rd line options.
• Caring for your dying relative at home with COVID.
• Guidance for CSCI without a McKinley in COVID.
• Informal carer’s administration of PRNs during COVID.
• Reuse of prescribed medicines in PNHs and hospices.
• Visiting rules• Telemedicine• OOHs advice • Caring for your dying relative at
home with COVID
• Regional approach to improve standards for End of Life Care across settings.
- Regional education programme
- Regional documentation• Increased community
presence- coordinated and seamless with other services.
• SPC OOHs advice service• 7-day specialist palliative care
face-to-face support.• Advance care planning
- Regional education programme
- Regional ACP documentation- Anticipatory care plan- Regional DNACPR
• Regional interventional cancer pain service
• Development of psychological services for palliative patients.
Facilitate discharge from hospital
Use of hotels to provide care following discharge from hospital
Regional Palliative Medicine Response to COVID-19• Goal= stay out of crisis!
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Link to BMA Call
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CHATBOX
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www.hospiceuk.org
Upcoming COVID-19 (Clinical) ECHO sessions* Every session will be 15:30 – 17:00 on a Wednesday
2020 Sessions
August 19th Rehabilitation & Day Care
September 16th Ambulance Service Connections
October 14th Clinical & economic evaluations of new services
November 11th New partnerships
December 9th Community services
Covid updateExamples of the “good new” retainedExamples of past let goResponses to questions raised
Sessions also to include
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www.hospiceuk.org
THANK YOU
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www.hospiceuk.org
Revisit visiting policy on a regular basis
Testing & home working plans
Set safe limits in consultation before crisis
Business Continuity ECHO Network
Autumn Challenges
• Managing visiting for patients, families and staff• Managing workforce which is going to be irregular with
sudden infection spikes taking people off the rota• Managing services and balancing the need to keep
services going with the risks of running a service with inadequate staff
• Managing finances as recession, and slump in income hits• Dealing with personal and professional loss of colleagues,
family members and friends• Managing the loss of esteem and support from general
public• Brexit uncertainties ramping up
Network and staff support priorities
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www.hospiceuk.org
Evidence for 6?
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www.hospiceuk.org
Poem?? Ideas??
September 2020