Download - Welcome to Chapter 8
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Welcome to Chapter 8
Yes, we are switching to chapters instead of units.
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
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KEY ISSUE 1
Where are states located?What are the problems defining a state?The “state” concept
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Here ya go, some definitions:
• State– Four criteria• Organized into a political unit• Ruled by an established government
– That government has control over its internal affairs• Occupies a defined territory• Contains a permanent population
– Example: Mexico– Non-example: Kentucky
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Another one…
• Sovereignty– Just learn how to say it now: SOV-ERN-TEE– You might as well memorize how to spell it too
– Independence from control of its internal affairs by other states
– Freeee!!!!– Formal or uniform region– Its own government, laws, army, leaders
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Q: Just how many states are there?A: There is no definite answer
Y: Why? Well I’ll tell you…• Korea
– Used to be a colony of Japan– U.S. and Soviet Union got it after
WWII and divided it into North and South
– Two separate governments were formed ( and )
– North invaded South in the 1950s
– North hasn’t made very good decisions
– But… “Both Korean governments are committed to reuniting the country into one sovereign state”
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Q: Just how many states are there?A: There is no definite answer
Y: Why? Well I’ll tell you…• China and Taiwan
– Most say that they are two separate, sovereignties
– China says it’s a part of China– In the 1940s the nationalists
went to Taiwan to establish a government separate from the Communists during a civil war
– Its been back and forth, the UN finally declared the communist government the “in” government in China
– Taiwan is not a member of the U.N.
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Q: Just how many states are there?A: There is no definite answer
Y: Why? Well I’ll tell you…• Western Sahara– Most Africans say its
sovereign– Morocco claims it and
built a big wall around to keep out the rebels
– It has never really been totally sovereign
– Morocco controls most of the area that is populated
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Q: Just how many states are there?A: There is no definite answer
Y: Why? Well I’ll tell you…• The Polar Regions• South Pole
• Ie. Antarctica• Overlapping and conflicting claims• Some recognized, some not!• The Antarctic Treaty
– 1959– Legal framework for managing
Antarctica– Yes to scientists– No to military
• North Pole– The Law of the Sea Treaty of
1982 – some territories overlap
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Development of the State Concept
Ancient• Originated in the Middle East
(Fertile Crescent) • Center for land and sea
communications in ancient times
• City-states came first– Sovereign state that=
City+Surrounding countryside– City states that had surrounding
power were called empires• Egypt and Mesopotamia
•
The Fertile Crescent
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Development of the State Concept
Modern European States• The Roman Empire
controlled most of the ancient world (Eastern)
• When the Roman Empire collapsed, the European portion was fragmented
• Various kings, dukes, barons, etc. became leaders of different European estates
Roman Empire
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Colonies
• Colony: territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state– They are not independent
• Colonialism: The effort by one country to establish settlements in a territory – God, Gold, Glory
• Imperialism: Control of territory already occupied and organized by indigenous society
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Colonial Possessions in 1914