-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
1/125
O F F I C I A L
A . E .
F.No. 1475-3
G-5
G A S M A N U A L
P a r t
H I
U s e of G a sby
G a s T r o o p s
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
2/125
GENERAL HEADQUARTERS
AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES
JM/v/i ,1911L
The "Gas M a n u a l /
1
in six pa r t s , is unproved and
fo r
ihe
i n fo rma t ion
and
gu idance
ofthe
Am er ican Exped i t ionary
Forces . Al though t h i s m a n u a l presen ts the pract ice in tlu-
Amer ican Expedi t ionary Forces ,
its
pub l i c a t i on
is not
intended
to convey approva l for adopt ion in the fu ture mil i tary service
of the Un i ted Sta tes of any de t a i l s of o rga n iza t io n conta ined
he re in .
COMMAND OF
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
3/125
Contents
ITactical Employment of Gases.A. E. F. No. 1475-1 G-5
Fa rt IIU se of Ga s by "the Ar ti l l er y. .A. E. F, No. 1475-2 G-.i
p a r t IIIU se of Gas by Gas Tro ops A. E. F, No. 1475-3 G-5
Par l IVU se of Ga s by In fa nt ry A. E. F. No. 1-1:75-1 G-5
Pa rt V Use of Gas by Air Serv ice A. K F. No. 1475-5 G-n
>art VI Defen se Ag ainat Gas .A, E. F . No. 1J33 G-5
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
J 'ar .
Int r od uct ion : 1-4
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
4/125
T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S (Continued.)
Par .
32-3
Fuses 36
Mills 3fi
146 Allw nys 37
Brit ish
American
Su tton 70 39
X t. . . 41
S t o k e s R a n g e T a b l e s
L i v e n s M a t e r i a l
4(5
Projector, V
J
I Am erican i 48
Base
iS
D ru m s . - ifl
Gas 50
Incen diary 50
H . E SO
Galnes fi 1
Pr im ing System * , 52
Pro pel lanLt 53
Elec t r ic Fuses . . ,
, . .,
fi4
E x pl od e rs . . . , . . . , . 'ifi
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
5/125
TABLE OP CONTKNTS
{Continued.)
Projects
Wind
Lim its . .
Safety Limits
Reconnaissance Reports
, . .
Operation Orders , , ,
Operation Reports , . .
Tfictk-s of Gas Truops - . . . . . , _
Choice of Weapons
Selection nf Weapons
Tra ining nf Gas Tro ops .
Principles Covering T rai nin g. . . ,
School Phase . ' . . . .
neral Training
Equipment and Supplies
Detailed Instruction
Infantry Training
Target Practice Instruction
Technical Training
i" Trench M ortar, . ,
Projector
Cylinder?:
Speciitl Distraction for Officers
Par.
flS
88-A
38-B
8ft
91
924*5
&
97
tOO
10 1
10 2
104
105
105
in ?
10S
110
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
6/125
T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
(Continued.)
D u t i e s
at
G as N. C. O /s 123
Q u e s t i o n n a i r e
for
In spe c t io n 12ti
Q u e s t i o n n a i r e fru- G a s P a t i e n t s 1 2#
Of fen s e Du t i e s
(J
f :i Staff
C}
ts Oifice r 120
Use of G as on Sty We Ti ni i t 130
Use of G&non A dv :i] i t t l - 'rotit *
1
30
130
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
7/125
GAS MANUAL
PART
far
USE OF GAS BY GAS TROOPS
INTRODUCTION.
The development of the use of chemicals in modern war-
e has resulted not only in the introduction nf new weapons
Hid methods. IJIIJ. also in the employment of gas troops. The
j c e iiircady gained is sufficient tiich tronps can opernte most effectively .Hid poin t out the gen-
i?al principles underlying the most advantageous use of the
witJi which they or e armed, rtecaus^ of the highly
technical nature of this service, troops engaged In it should be
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
8/125
3
Gitst Manu al
Part
/ / /
ORGANIZATION OF GAS JRfiGIMiSNT.
5.
Gas troops are Arm y troopa, one regiment pe r Army hav-
ing been authorized* The ir batta lion s and compa nies are at-
tached to Corps and Divisions as reuired by the nature of the
ope ration s contem plated. As a ruk*, a unit smaller than a
company should never he attached to a Division, bov a unit
lima
lei*
tha n a batty Men to any Army Corps ,
Gas ruginicuts as now authorized consist of six battalions of
three cuinpunies each> 'with a total of 210 officers and 4>87;{ en-
Iis ted im-u, as shown in the organ zation tab le opp osite.
Of the six battalions five arc combat battalions and one a
replacemen t ba tta lio n. This is m ade necessary by tlie technical
nature of the work, and the necessity of replacing casualties
with trained personnel,
REGIMENTAL HEADQUARTERS.
6. The orga nizatio n of the Reg ime ntal H ead qua rters follows
thai of tb Special Engineer Regiments, organized for the em-
ergency >except that a Lieutenant colonel is provided fSr each
two ba tta iiun s and" an additi ona l iirst lie uten ant is auth orize d
as assi stan t ad ju ta nt. Fig. 1 (see Appendix) shows the norm al
organisation of a regiment.
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
9/125
of Gas by Gm Troops
the needs of the Gas Troop s. Since all intelligence m atters
concerning operations pass through the hands of the Chemical
Advisor and Intelligence Officer, cer tain oth er du ties concern ing
the conduct of operations and reports therenn. have been added
jo t he forego ing.
The Chemical Adviser nnd Intelligence Officer should, there-
(11 P ro cu re , dig es t and file such scientific
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
10/125
10
GaH Munw.itt'nrl
///
(14) Obtain information an lo present plans of battalion
and company commanders and be prepared to suggest new op-
erations on which Lhost uititfi can be profitably employed-
(15) Take charge of all secret correspondence "inward"
and "outward," regarding the employment oT the
and its movements or future operations.
f l 6 ^ Receive $t\ daily progress ami -jperation R p s
from battalions and companies, check samt\ rind be conversant
at all times with their contents.
fi7) Collect and pass on to officers concerned intelligence
on results of operations by the regiment and the gas troops.
tf& Compile jiiid tlistribute a regimenlaT daily bulletin
containing information of rmpor timer or interest.
(19) Be thoroughly conversant with all Gas Defense mens-
iircs, and be able to advise concerning auy special precautions
necessary (o be iaken by Gas Troops for protecting them against
their own gas.
(2W
Advise the Regimental Supply Offii r as lo
I
he loca-
tion of imporlaiit forward Gus Dump?, nnd the storage of ma-
terial in theja.
(21) Obtain
and
supply t all officers eoiicerned such
J data as may be of service.
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
11/125
Use of G$ by Gfi.s Troops 11
10.
Master Engineers. The duties of the Master Engineers
a
iC as follows:
(1) Chemical Assistant. This assistant will operate di-
rectly under the urtlrrs of the Regimental ChemiLiil Adviser
nd Intelligence Officer and assist -him in every way in chemical
filters.
Map and Intelligence Assistant, This assistant will be
_iL under the Regimental Chemical Adviser and lrdelli-
rence Officer, with maintaining complete map files and all in-
igeDCe covering opernticins-
@j
iraining Assistant*
This assistant will
im
charged,
.
LT
the Regimen I a I Chemical Advisor jsntl Intel Ugenee OlUcur,
ri\h the eo-ordinatini; :nd assisting in the training and in-
struction,
(4) Transportation Ax-isttmL This assistant will be
charged, under the RegimenUl Supply Officer* with looking
after Lhe vork in the transportation division and will include
>peraLIon and mflmlenaiice of nil motor vehicles-
(5) Supply AssivUnU. This assistant will function direct-
under the Regimental Supply Officer.
(0) Special Equipment Assistant. This assistant will be
jbarged, under the Regimental Supply Oflictr, with keeping
Fully informed on Special Hquipinent situation as regards
lanafacLurc, supply in all depots, nnd siipply of troops opera-
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
12/125
12
(Jus Mnutii11
Part Hi
of eon intiling and supplying units operating over an extended
front nl to small detachments,
13. The Adjutant's
duties lire those not-m.nilv pertaining to
this position.
14,
The Chemical Advisor tuid Intelligence Officer's
duties
. i l t t l those out l ined
for Lhe
Re gim enta l CJiujiii^.il A dv is e
,j, i Intelligence Ouxctx. *
].".
Supplu Officer.
(a) iie tfattaliou Supply Officer i*> the personal represen-
[;tLivc of the Regimeniitl Supply Oflicer iuid should atH as
nw
intermediary between the Itegimentfll Supply Officer ;md the*
Company .Supply Officer. lie shoudd observe eluse^- tin;
needs
oJ
eath company in bis battalion, the work of each. Company Sup-
ply (Jlileer, and ajiLidputeany exUnordJnaiy request for aupplics.
All
this
information sLouUi be cummunicated
to
the Jltgiiiitutrtl
Supply Olilcer, together witb any other ijiformatlon which
might assist the Regimental Supply Oflkwr in performing hi*
duties.
(bj Battniion Supply Officer is absolutely responsible for
keeping iiia partieakffi liiii.Laiioii
properly
equipped and sup-
plied.
(cj Battalion Supply Officer should keep in close touch
with eiich
of
the Company Supply Officers and see that all
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
13/125
ftfti
o
f
(ins by
*lx Troops
IS
(5)
Construction and Workshop Assistant. This man will
hargeci, under the Dump Officer, with control of shops and
special construction work,
(6) Training Assistant. This man, under the Battalion
Adviser and Intelligence Officer, wiil assist in co-
just ruction in the battalion.
COMPANY ORGANIZATION.
The company Is organized into a headquarters
sectiMIi
an
d four plaUons. The headquarters section lakes care of the
norni:il administration of ihe company, Lhus leaving the pla-
ins fret; for actual fightiug. Each platoon is organized into
s;riiuns and each section consists of two Stokes MortttF gun-
wilh i* carrying party. This gives sixteen mortars pef
All platoons are trained
in
projector and cylinder
The platoon is the working unit of t]ie regiment. This is
truti in a war of movemenL It is rarely necussar} Ln
istaii more than foox guns in conjunction with the advances
attacks uf an infantry regiment, aoci when it is necessary for
one company to operate on a divhioooi front, such as arrange-
ment permits co^'ering the front xot only at the start of the
iipernLiciD LuLulaoenables Lbe platoons to follow the infantry
Regiments to wbich they ai-e attached and give assistance as
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
14/125
(3) He personally directs disciplina ry a ctions and j
s
re-
sponsible for the discipline of the compa ny.
(4) It is his d ut y to see th at all officers ttnde r his coin,
mand have the requisite technical knowledge and training.
(5) It is his du ly to see th at a ll officers perfo rm th eir f
u
j)
duty and actually accept the full responsibili t ies of their res.
peotivc duties.
(6) Me pers ona l }' ex am ine s, verifies and signs all report $
mtd letters connected with the company work.
(7) He ma kes inspections from tim e to time to
w hethe r the company is prop erly d o died and equipped
whether the equipment is up to the standard set.
(8) He design ates
th e
approximate location of advanced
company and platoon headquarters and dumps.
(9) He ma kes the necessary fo recasts covering amo unts
and kinds of j immunition and supplies needed,
(10) He issues the necessa ry orders to cover reconnais-
sances and operations.
{II) He carries on and m ain tain s liaison w ith Division
and Brigade Headquarters.
(12) He keeps fully inform ed of the tactical situ atio n, the
plans of the various Commanders and makes the necessary
reco m m end ation s co vering the correct and be st tactical use of
ihe Company.
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
15/125
VS
Can bu Gits Troops
(7) He pe rson ally checks up th e ra tio n issue and sees
rations are properly used.
(8) He supervise s tile supply of m un itio ns as given by
forecasts of the Company Commander,
(9) He keeps him self fully informed of the existing tac ti-
cal silnation of all company units.
(10) He is th e Com pany
Gas
Officer and is responsible
for the gas discipline of the company.
20, Duties of Com pany Supply O fficer.
Supplies.
(a) Source;
All supplies must be requisit ioned through the Battalion
Supply Officer. Wfacn the Com pany is op er at ing ind ep en de ntly ,
rations will be drawn from the units to which the company is
attached.
(b) Kinds of Sup plies:
(1) Quartermaster.
(2)
Ordnance.
(3) Signal.
(4) Engineer.
(5) Technical Supplies.
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
16/125
16
Go* Manual
Part
/ / /
(h? Rations:
(1) Garrison ra tion s ar c alw ay s to be nsed when avail-
ab le .
(2) Field ratio ns a re to be used when directed by th*
Commanding Officer; usually when it
is
impracticable to use
fresh m eat. Five da ys ' ratio ns should alw ays he kept on hand.
(3) Reserve ratio ns. Tw o-day tins reserve rat ion s
always be carried by each soldier fn the field.
Travel rations rnnsf he issued to all troops
travell ing.
(2) Transportation.
fa") M inim um am ou nt of tra ns po rta tio n retfuired to per-
form the operation fn hand and amount rvf time required mast
be estim ated . Pa rticu lar atlen tlon should he paid to th* type
of transportation best adapted to the operation; e, rail.
truck , anim al or narrow gauge* Th is inform ation should
hr
conveyed to [he Battalion Supply Officer requesting that hr
fn rn lsh fTte tr fin sp or t at I on .
(b) Careful wr itt en o rd ers with m ap sBntiTd be given the
nnn -comm issioned officer In rcharge of the tra ns po rta tio n.
These should slnfe th e tim e th e tr an sp or ta tio n Is to lenve, th
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
17/125
(lax by
Troops
17
{41 He must make necessary local reconnaissances und
suitable emplacements with maximum possible protec-
tioiu
ft)
He must, actua lly direct the work of bis platoon and
icrson&lly check up th e cons truc tion of the em place m ent,
ghting and elevations of guns, make necessary examination
guns and am mu nition and all other m att ers pertaining to
lie operation.
(6j He m ust know each m an in his platoon by nam e and
ake-
a study of his a bilit ies .
(7) He m akes an t accu rately, necessary re po rts and for-
ards them to the Company Commander.
(8) He m us t keep
his
platoon prepared for service at
l ime,
(9) He m us t pers ona lly take cha rge of the men's technical
aining under the supervision of the Company Commander
id Second in Commaud*
(10) He take s charge of his pla toon at ail company forma-
ions
and
dr i l ls .
11
1
i-Ie, from a ll his pe rso na l know ledge of hi s m en, ad-
ses the Com pany Com mande r as to the qualifications and
orl-comings of his men and also recommends promotions.
(12) He personally sees th at aU orders per tain ing to his
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
18/125
Gas Manual
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
19/125
v[ tius by
G
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
20/125
Gas Manual
Part fit
The maximum range is 840 yards when firing the s n
25-lb. bomb with full charge of 1,200 plains E,C
t
3 powder,
48f> yards with the 13-lb. Tight smoke bomb and the
hallistite cartridge.
The cordite ring propel ant gives arangeof 1.090 yarda when
firing the standard 2fi-lb. bomb with a full charge of one 150,
grain cordite cartridge and 4 cordite rings of 350 grains each.
The rate of fire by day for a short period is 20 rounds
minute, although with a ^ell trained
1
detachment a higher
he obtained for short bursts, not exceeding ono or o
At night 12 rounds per minute
h
all that can be
Barrel. This consists of a solid* drawn steel tirhe, 48" Ions,
wfUi i smooth bore varying from 4.15" to 4,21)" in diameter.
Two bands are etaTnperi around the barrel near Lhe mnfczlc to
engnge tbe bfpod carrying the elevating and traversing derfces.
In th* base of the barrel is screwed a breech piece containing
n striker sttrd or airvll. This anvil has a flat top for firing
cartridges and a nipplo for firing biscnits.
Stand or
Bipod,
This is the gun support and carries the
elevating and traversing mechanisms. Tf condstH of two tubu-
lar steel legs with a cross stay and spiked feet to prevent
spreading.
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
21/125
o
f Gas by Gas Troops
21
PROPERTIES ANDMARKINGS OFBOMBS
British Manufacture,
Pwperttes
T.Hbfll
fl Red.
,
/ft, fLtthal
r.n.
' "SV.P-
f mill
LHlml nutl
E*eotfr*ftv fi white.
Penetrative
Tvwnmty
1
s
8
1
1
1'
r
W i l l i e
White
Rffl. 3
Bands.
W h t t c
Blind.
onrillfrtTTTT.
BsBfla
HnuiJ
U j" WMe
% *
Wtile
%
Wlflt
pnos .
All fillet] Tiombs have a red band near tlie top of the body
All bcttuli bodies are painted'*Dirty W hite.
"
COX MARKINGS
FOR 4"
STOKES BOMBS.
British Manufacture.
Two bombs
are
pucited
in a box,
com plete w it h clirtr|(es
rnd
fuses. The
boxes mensure approx imately
2 ft. 2 in. s 7 ^ in.
1% in.
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
22/125
Gu st Slanuat
Part
/ ; /
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
23/125
r
Vf
.
it
f Gas f>tf to Troops
WCT
& V* 64 Ff
G
A
4
1
S T . H O W
m &
S M O K E
P H O S
-HH
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
24/125
34
Go* ManualParI
t
fftSC M
ACD
ro
"s.
:
--.
T
DfSC -
tilA
IOC&S
HGi.E
IVA5rfJt
MG.If AS NEC-
7
tvASHtft TO SI
f t
V H E R A
I .
4
1
$ . T
H O W
I N C D Y
rrp
of Gas btj Gas Troops
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
25/125
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
26/125
tiu.s*
Mtwuul Ptu-f tit
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
27/125
of Gas btj tf Smoke /iamb (Fig. G). This is fl 25-pound stci 1
t
of general construction its shown on l
7
ig. l>, and contains
I I pounds of white phosphorus. It is fired by the British
oi*7
f
J fuse,
28. Incendiary Jiomb (l
7
ij,
r
. 7). This is similar lo the heavy
sruuke bomb in general cGnsli'iicUon imd Lukes the siixae fuses-
II weighs 2 poujidtt and contains 7 pounds of thermit.
29. Gas Bomb (Fig. 8 and Fig- 9. There are over fifty dlf-
marks of British gas bombs, different in details of con-
-ud.ion and operation. But they mfty he divided into two
n
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
28/125
26 Gas Manual Purt
84. British Cordite (Iharges
(Fig. 1-U, This ninuumitjoti
used with all thermit and heavy sraoke bombs, li consists of
it 12-gaujju c^tridjgc containing 150 grains of cordite, or baf,
listitc ami from one to four rings of 350 grains each. In flrinJ
the cordite carl ridge is placed in a cartridge container screwed
on the base of the bomb, and
1
to
I
rings placed around the carU
ridge container^ depending upon Hie range desired. The cart,
ridges bear their own strikers, which are protected by n ritiy
Blunt strikes or anvils turned down to a smaller diameter
than Lhe protective ring, are used for Hring. The Dhjcctioo to
Lliis charge is that it makes
a
very strong flash and soon dirties
the mortar.
NOTERecent
ammunition
JUIH
been furnished with a blue
cartridge coalmining 05 grs. of ballistite in lieu of the cordite
galled pink
carl ridge)
described aLove. This substitution hu;
been madu hi reduce the IlasJi 6f discharge, but has also reduce^
the range by approximately 10%.
35. British Baltilite Charge (Fig, 15). The balistiie chargu
consisM of a cartridge containing 350 gra, of hfliistite primed
with gun cotton. It is uaed only with a li^bt smolce bomb. It
is ilvtd
by
means of a striker dip and a llat anvil similar to
that used for
the
corditft cartridge.
'19
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
29/125
Gunby
Go*
Troops
WlmJk
UG-.
HQLt
*
F t*. TO
r
C O A T L D
70
4 "ST. HOW,
POWDER
-H
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
30/125
Gas Manual Part ///
/NtftuV
D15L
- ^ ^ : ; : V
MflLE-
& \PACMNG DfSC
TUBE
-CAS/NO
T H E R M I T
Gas by Om Troops
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
31/125
PfUCfi ftffttH
PLUG AfTfif
WASHER
*
BRAZED
FiLLMC HOLS PLUO
LOQSL QPH&R1TS
-WQ&Q FILLER
GAS
D
W & AWfl
Gas ManualPart
/ / ;
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
32/125
FUS H LE
twsittt msr.
i fiHH CE NTR A L TU& t
" S M O K E
BAfio
(ius by Gas Troops
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
33/125
Gtts Manna Part
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
34/125
n
j Gas by V
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
35/125
Gas Manual
Part if>
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
36/125
37
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
37/125
MannulPurl
If;
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
38/125
FIG.
13
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
39/125
by means of :i time scale. On discharge, the set-
Jmck pellet
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
40/125
4 3 * .
STOKES RANIIF. TABLE FOft GA*S
E. C. 3 and E, C, 5 Biscuit.
(Fig. 20, see Appendix,)
Ratine
Yd*.
Jon
U40
2 SO
320
3 6 0
3 S 0
4 0 0
4 4 U
4 8 0
5 3 0
two
r.ii.i
fl&O
7 2 0
7 6 0
8 0 0
M t r g ,
1 S 3
S2'0
26i.l
3 4 6
s o u
4 03
4 3 0
47 0
5 1 2
a-io
5fK5
6 0 4
G22
5 9
0D 5
7H2
1 rttecult
Tinji' if/
F light E lcv .
12.1
11.3
11 .&
11.1
10,4
8 .9
tllVi
Tlmeoi
1
10.8
10.0
16.4
10.2
15.6
1B-0
15.if
14.7
13,8
12.2
Eler,
73 %
jj
o & ^ 4
fi7
''^
Yi
H8
5 3
4 5
Z HlacnltB
Fllglit
19.6
10,5
19.3
19.1
IS.9
1S.G
ia.s
18.^
37.3
17.3
1B.B
E J l G T .
74 ^
7 2 %
TJ
6 7 ^
nriy.
641
03^4
60 &i
S 3
54U
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
41/125
Cfseof Gs fryGas Troops
41
Grains : 4 mm. Flake Cot-dite.
Pro jecti le: Black Bom b
t
weight
243/4]b.
a
a
1
5
0
+5
s
m
H
ty
Si
a
1
p
i
a
C
i i
til
Q
1
JH
u
i f
B
2 0 0
2 4 0
5 5
. ; C K J
3 2 0
3 4 0
3 SO
4 0 0
4 2 0
4 1 0
' ' ' ' '
*80
5 2 0
6 4 0
1 8 3
2 0 1
2 2 0
25tt
2S0
2 9 3
3 1 1
8 2 9
3 4 3
3Gfi
3 S 5
4 0 3
4 2 1
4.^3
- J - ' S
1 7 G
4 8 4
1 K ing
7 5
73i&
7 2
7 0 U
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
42/125
Gus Manual
Part
STOKES RANGE TABLE FOR HEAVY SMOKE
AND THERMIT,
45.
Cartridge.
(Fig.
22, see Appendix,)
Charge: 95grs. B allistite, reinforced w ith 5 gra. G.CL Yarn.
R ing s: 350 grs,4m m . FJafce Co rdite.
Projecti le:
Bomb,
weight 25 Iba,
Turd?
iULl
inn
200
ft talent
U2
1 3 0
3 S3
1 Cuitrldjfe
I f 1 King.
q
5
&
t
EJ
a
;-
Dej^s.
|
.Sees,
77
72
11.2
11.0
10."
Gttrtri
4-
^ J
o
i
Pep*.
|
s
Cartr]
+ S
m
^
1
d
^?
S "
O
H P .
P .
J
a
1
s
i
g
VH
|
E ^
'-.-:
Troops
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
43/125
44
Gas
Manual
Part
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
44/125
G
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
45/125
46
Gas
ManuatP,
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
46/125
\
?e
of Gti* by gff-s Troops
47
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
47/125
Gas Manual
Part
in
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
48/125
T H R E E
HPQK RAP
cff
FKSTECXf t
/JPUT
SNTJ
GFtNNEft Ctfp PRfSP
JNTO
To
T O F U S E
G A T E
A SSFMBLV OF TIME Ft/SE
/
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
49/125
ts
\}t w
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
50/125
L I V E N S M A T E H U L .
The Prujertor,
46 * The
Livens Projector
is a
v e r y s i m p l e f o r m
of
m o r t a r
i c b p r o j e c t s q u a n t i f i e s of gas i n c e n d i a r y or h i g h x l i
y p rtar
projects quantifies of gas, incendiary, or high explosive
nces by means of cylindrical dnmis rounded at both ends
This projector j;> u bniuolh-bore steel tube closed nnd rounded
at one end and open at the other, having an internal diameter of
8". Projectors :ire made in various lengths.
47. British Projectors. The several types of Livens
j^ciors
are as follows:
Mark No, 1. Length .2'9"
Thickness .; S"
Weigh* 105 lbs.
Material Solid drirwij ste-el.
Mark No.
t
H. Length 2^"
Thickness
. . . . ' , . . . . ; . , 1fp*
Wfcight {>;, lbs.
M a l e ri ii l . . , . ] . u p w t l d c d m i l d U
Mark No. 9. I.entjth
ISO lbs.
M a te ri al . . , . , . S o l i d d r a w n s te rL
i l i . ^ -
23 and 2-1
5 1
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
51/125
In th e latest Attieriffau d ra w in g? nf
ihv
G as D rum ^Fig. 26)
he ijitt
L
rn: i i d iameter
ti
ih is In be is sl igh tly m ore tha n 1".
These drums .irp fi l led through holes horud hi this tube about
I
1
'
from thf end opp o si te th e fuse s oc ks . Be low LJaese filling
L
;
the icr itro l l ub e is sea led Ji> ;i stee l plu g we lded in p tace.
r Illliuii: the dr um is sealed liy sc rew ing a taper pInje; in
ie filling ewd.
The In cend ia ry D ru m fFiigi 27) is simjU u- t.o th e gjft'si th e orlv
lTerentc.- l>eing in the size of tlit central tube and the method of
ling. Th is dr um is f il led Trcnn the o utsid e Ih rn ug h a hole
mt 2" iu dii imeter, cut i t i the shoulder of the drum at the
closed by n screwctl p
The High Exp los ive dr u m is the sa m e .-is th e iiiceiidjurj ' in
otn struct ian .
[he i iccompnnying i l lus lni l io i is the dif forenco may be
v dis l ingui .shed,
Gitint: Tube-.
Th is is
a
civpjpjtr tube o is aixm t
i: long :iud
,M7LI"
wide w hi l t iu the ince nd iary i ts length is
K3" miff width 1 J 2 " . The bur sti ng cha rge con sis ts of (50 gr am s
iut ^ fizs.i isf T.N.T. fnr th gas drum, and 2 ozs. of ophonU
or h i
Gin ManualPast
III
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
52/125
partments. One compartment contains 12 -uss. of cordite, in,
serted into which is an electric fuse and 4 OJcs, of black powder
as a griming charge.
The charge Is made up of small bags containing various
amounts of U. S, srook&less powder. Range variations are
obtained by varying the anuiunl of powder in Uie charge J^ox,
The lop of the tin container is a stamped steel plate 11/64"'
thick. The flanges of this plate overlap the sides of the charge
box. On discharge this plate is forced nuL against the sides of
the projector and serves as a gas check*
54, FAcutric Fuses. The Briiish electric fuse used Lo ignite
the cordite propelling charges is known as the Mark III,
Nv.
H.
To this fuse a. fine platinum indium wive extends between twn
poppet
1
terminals, projecting from a bard rubber casing. Around
this wire is wouxid ;i small piece uf guueotton, and a charge
of 2.25 grammes at black powder which is set nlT Ly the gun-
cotton, and in turn explodes the bUck powder in the bug sur-
rounding the fuse and hence the cordite propelling charge. Th?
wire has a resistance when cold of 1-OC ohms, and 2.6 ohms on
fusu>n, A current of 0,9 amperes is required to fuse the wire
and this amount must be supplied in order to be certain uf
setting off the guniroHon.
The American electric primer is a copy of the British No. 14
of G'is bit Gus 'Itoops
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
53/125
:
i ' ' .' / / /
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
54/125
(Jse of fl*is -'",' r,
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
55/125
:,
F E U E T
Manual Par; Hi
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
56/125
The Livens head (Fig. 32) is the fuse no* commonly used.
It consists of a small inertia pellet, held in place by a thin
Tfllre, On disc har ge the ine rtia p elle t
h
forced back, shearing
the wire and detonating Ihe cap. The object of the she ar wire
is to prev ent Occidents from sh ort s. If th e velocity of dis-charge is below a eeHsun value, the wire does not shear
the cap is rial detanalcd.
57.
PROJECTOR RANGE TABLE METERS
(Fig. 33, See Appendix.)
1.
2.
a.
4.
.*
T.
a
4 4
fflfcB,
40 P
'2$
oz.
S4 fl^=.
2
| S17 O il 15 BlHS.
ts
Troops
59.
BIUTISH MARKINGS.
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
57/125
FI.LLED 1/2"
BAM)
AS -BELOW 1/3" BETWEEN
C.G.
N . C ,
TWO JSED
1 WHITE1 FLED1
Livens gaine tubes* propclTanls
and
shea r wire pistol
7
e . shipped separately.
8 INCH LIVENS PROJECTOR DRUMS
American Manufacture,
(in. Thu-
8"
Livens D rums being made
in the
Sta tes w ill closely
the British designs
and
will
be
marked
aa
fo l lows:
(Fig.
JIJ.LINU
X . C .
on
Hi.li Explosive
Practice
l - . i I - M - j . - K - l L i -i s?
tctlm)
I 'cnetrallvi;
Incenfliary
Explosive
i lAlt lvlNGS
:J WJikp LtemLsSteuulUed uOns.a
1
Hc4 mia 1
WiiUe WandFjteucilfrcl aG an .i
SteiidHeJ OI1.*
Stmtltfed
o E E,r>
NO BANDS OS MAHKlKGa*
All drum bodies wiJl
be
painted slate gray. Stencilled will
in
1"
wh ite block letters , lengthwise
of the
d r u ms .
fii.
OF LrV
EN
T
S MATEIUAI,.
Manual
-Part
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
58/125
a *i
Gets
fig
Gas T roops
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
59/125
Gus ManualPart / / /
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
60/125
THE STANDARD SET U P.
63.
Fig. 35 shows the projector installed* ready for'fl r
In practice a "V*
1
shaped tren ch is dug ab ou t 3'6" wide, I'D"
deep,
and 30' Jong, perpendicular to the line of fire,
The projectors are act at an angle of elevation of 45 degrees
hy means of a clinometer, and aligned by menns of a compass.
It is generally not necessary to set each gun separately. If
O
n j
gun is carefully set, several may be aligned from it, wJth suf-
ficient accuracy.
Projectors are genci'aljy dug in, in batteries of 20 each; the
various batteries of ,iu emplacement being scattered as fh t
conditions of terrain :u7d cover necessitate.
CLOUD GAS APPARATUS.
Cylinders.
64 . In the first yenrs of the war cylinders containing about
seventy (70) pounds of liquified gas were used by both sides for
cloud gas, or grts wave atta ck s. The cylinde r used w as abo ut 3 T '
in height and 8 1/2" in diameter, similar in all respects to the
comm on Cn- cylinder found in the Sta tes. Th e sipho n tube,
about 3/4" in diameter, extended from
a
valve at the top of the
I?sv "I
'Iloops
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
61/125
1 l > H
(tint
* -
f
j
1*
\f
1
TRANSPORTATION TABLE.
Units of Capacity.
Stony
fjnn
Brrai
1
*
C u mp l^ te , B o x e d , , . . .
m id S t an d T o o * ' : . . . . .
' 'v
Finders Fu ll.
OylfiTttefK . E m p t y . . .
0 3
103'"
ISO
flO
2 8
sso
: '
S3
RS
2 0
i^ f-i r*
1
lfJ5
7 5 0
Ifl5
J 5 v
*
*
4 00
T6 0
00
40
2 0 0
4 no
24
I ' M '
2 0 0
lj;
14
10
0
1 6
43
SO
8
8
3 0
4 0
I I
2
2
2
4
*2
S
ft
8
4
f
2
>
*
1
4
1
4
4
2
4
1
a
%
1
1
1
a
Trucks or wagons ftnmp, forward mu st ha loaded in the cane
of projector material with an equal number of each unit in
Mint 3 brnken down conveyance will not prevent the
installation inking place.
GENERAL PROCEDURE IN GAS OPERATIONS.
62 Gas ManualPart
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
62/125
of Staff of the division. On approval of his project the com-
pany commander gives detai led inst ruct ions
to his
platoon
comm anders , assigning them defini te dut ies . These ins t ru ct i ng
should
be
given
in
conference,
and
continued
in
wr i t ing .
All gasofficers com ma ding un its ass igned to support infantry
tmils will immediately report
to the
commanding officer
of
such
infantry uni t , prepared
to
submit recommendat ions regarding
the employment of his gas troo ps. After repo rting to the in-
fant ry commander be comes directly under his orders and l
B
directly responsible to him for the proper conduct of his com-
m a n d ,
m
accordance with
the
orders issued
by
such infantry
commander . Unt i l
he is
relieved
"by the
la t t e r
he is
subject
only to his orders, superior commanding officers of gas troops
having no author i ty to issue orders Lo him affecting the em-
ployment of his t roops .
Commanding officersof all gas troops in assigning units tmder
competent orders toop era te w ith infan try un its will carefully
ins t ruc t the commanders of such units, in order that they shall
fully understand from 'whom they receive
and
obey orders
and
tha t they
are not
sent into enmbut
to
conduct independent
operat ions.
69.
One
officer
of the
c6rapany
is
charged with getting
up
of Octs hu G as Troops
o f t h e e n t i l e o p e r a t i o n d e p e n d s p r i m a r i l y u p o n s u r p r i s e . W a r n -
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
63/125
i ng to the enemy w i l l r e s u l t in a heavy she l l ing o f the a rea , and
probably in a w i t h d r a w a l o f t h e t a r g e t .
74 .
Camouflage
i s the concea l ing of al l work done In such a
manner as to give no si^n of ac t iv i ty o r change . I t m us t , t he re -
fore, conform to the su r rou nd in gs - I t m u s t p r o te c t a g a i n s t :
(1 ) A er ia l ph o to gra ph y .
(2 ) Ai r observ a t ion Airp lan e o r ba l loo n .
(,3) Di rec t o b s e r v a t i o n ,
It i s necessary to Cons ider and prov ide aga ins t r
(a) N ew U'iicKs.
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
64/125
* "Service sho uld n or m al l y he used . All messages shou ld be p
er ly add resse d and mark ed " in ]je cal led for ." Messages
Regimenta l Headquar te r s o f Gas Troops wi l l normal iy be sem
"in eare of Army Message Center /
1
fo r Ba t ta l ion Headquar te r*
"in care of Corps Message Center. '
fn act ive ope rat ion s wh ere pla too as ma y he del ached from
company J ieudquar te r s , i t may he inadvisab le to u t i l i ze com-
pany runners , in which case messages may he sen t to company
"in care of Divisio n Message Ce nte r." In such case s the com -
pany s hould m ain ta in a good N. C . O. and tw o run ne rs perm a-
ne nt ly at th e Ad van ce f)ivision Message Ce nter. T hi s N . C. 0
mus t a lways he kep t
in
form ed of th e loca tion, of
I
h e C o m p ,
1
J
,C
79.
in act ive op erat ion s Pro gress , Op erat io ns mid Dump im-
por t s mus t be fo rw a rded da i ly t o Ba t t a li on and R e g in im i i
H e a d q u a rt e rs at Ui fol low ing tio]Pft':
Lecttte Company
U'twe.
Battalion
:0 0 A. M. M -00 A. M.
5 :00 P , M. O
Dur ing no rma l ope ra t i iMis su t jb r ep t i i ' t s shou ld be s
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
65/125
(1) Arrange metho d cart-fully, and bnve m ate ria l arr ive in
order needed,
(2) Work to tim e sche dule.
(3) Have Ljood N. C. O, in clm rg t at for w ar d du m p.
Parly.
(1) Before leav ing bill ets .
(al Inspect ac ce ssori es ; fo ol s; (xip\oders;
(hi Tell senior serg ean t th e zero ho ur.
Hire
h im
djtt.n to go ahead in case you become a casualty,
(2) On ar riv al in line
(a) Don' t w aste l im e,
(b) See th at ru nn er s arc ready,
(c> See th at
Infantry
is informed.
(6*) See thjit ev ery on e is rnndy an d kno w s w ha t to do.
{& ) After Dring.
(a) W ithd raw al l possible ma terial , such as m orta rs, ex-
ploders, g^lvanometets, etc
(b) Camoullngc,
(c) Sub mit an im m edia te
Gftx Manual Pi
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
66/125
(I) Tr;jin all uns mi onvtarget. . -,woods, village,
CJ*
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
67/125
NUMERICAL PO/NTS OF
COMPASS
-
l a
- T
68
Gas
Miutnat
MATERIAL REQUIRED
FOR
4-INCH STOK ES MORTAR
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
68/125
OPERATION,
i
Gun^40 Rou nds Amm uni t ion EachGun.
Gas Ammunition.
A
A"
Stokes M ortars com plete
in
good order ,
Gim Bar re l ,
Barrel Cover,
Gun Legs,
Legs Covet
1
.
T r ave r s ing H and le .
Muzzle Cover.
i ireech Piece w ith Nipple A nvil .
A Base P lat es , reinforc ed w ith Tvood.
160 GasBombs comple te w i th Gaiues and F u s e s .
320 E. C. 3 Biscu i t s .
160 Waxed
W a d s .
1 Compass .
8 Shovels .
S P icks .
300
Sand Bags.
4 Sets Backing Mater ia l
for
Basep l a t e s .
54 Bomb Car r ie r s .
4 Cleanin g Rods.
4 Tool Sa lche l s comple te (each conta in ing) :
Tr i ivers ing Handle .
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
69/125
Muzzle Cover-
Breach Piece with Flat Anvil-
A Base P la te s re in forced wi th w ood.
f tr t Smoke or Th er m it Bom bs (witl i Deto na tor Smoke)
A40 Co rdite R ing s (32) E x tr a.
ICO Ca rtrid ges P in k or Blu e.
1 Compass .
S
B Picks .
300 Sandbags.
4 Sets Backing Mater ia l for Ba sep lates .
;>4 Bo mb C ar rie rs .
4 Cleaning Rods.
4 Tool Satchels complete (each con tf t in in^ ) :
I Spare Fla t Anvi l .
1 Cl inomete r .
1 Monkey W rench .
i Combina t i on Spanne r .
1 Large Spannev .
1 Oil
Can.
1 Fuse Key No.
31
-D or 79.
1 Fuse P imeh.
70
Gas
Manual Par I
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
70/125
5 Circuit DelccLors.
220 yds. Insu la t ing Tape .
15 5p&aner$, D. E,
3 Wa t c h e s .
1
Res i s tance
Bos.
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , out . [ uniey . exc lus ive of p e r s o n n e l .
16 Dou ble Liruber-cd W ago ns, ar
3~U>u Trucks, or
5 o- lon Trucks . for 2'C" Pro jec to r s .
85 TAULF.OFALLOWANCES FOR CAS TROOPS
Ttchnicut ] - " - [ i r i . - [ .
s
.
Projectors 2'9" Complete with muzz le cap 56:t
8
j p p
Pro jec to r s rU"com plete with
nmzyAv
c&\> 187*' V-
Jl i ise P1:i( t^i 1) 17 5G^
U r n m s . T. (f
M
complcfv w ilh im *pe llant fend
component paints 1200 720
D r u m s . Sfl ( .
t
eo m pl ^t e w it h fM'Opclliiiit and
Ld n ip o iKMi t p a r t s 400 2i>l
,' N
.'.'. ,
I'
71
I I
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
71/125
S
f
11
M .
M.
M.
M
T .
i
t
complete with , techoical
quipiuctif f ind wooden base-plates
B om bs , co m pl et e. C.. G,
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
72/125
Paint Base Zinc, lbs 1
nope. Yn",yds 100
Large Paulin*, 20'x30'
s
Approx 10
Vercy Gtin, 35 mm 1/3
Verey Lights, 35 mm. Red one Star* 8
Verey Lights, 35 mm. Green one Star ;
-
, A
Verey Lights, 35 mm. Wiiitc one Star
Compasses, prismatic ,
20 a
Shovels, P" Blade, round point 150 10
86,
The foregoing Table of Allowances is based up
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
73/125
Unit Equipment.
I .
NAJH5
Or
EQUIPMENT
T
8
ft
1
X
1
p
1
i
i
.
2
1
i
L
a
2
1
1
2
1
i
1
1
1
32
as
it
7
T
ft2
&2
35
7
n.
Drafting Equipment.
Article
Amt.
Cainel Tinir brushes, raediuni *. 1
74
Gas ManualPart 111
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
74/125
Pencils, drawing, Graphite, . ,, . 1
Pens,
crawqttill, doz
, ,
1
Pens, mapping, doz .
.-..-
1
Pens,
contour.
. , . , ,*
]
Pads, pencil pointing . .
. 3
Pens* scratch. * - 6
Powder, pounce, for tracing, cans 2 1-2 oz 1
Paper, tracing, 30", roll t
Pins , boxes *.^
* 3
Protractors, semi-circular, 6" 1
Protractors;, map, celluloid.
.* . . . , . . . ,
. . -. 2
Protractor Rectangular, map (T, S. 1077) 12
Reading Glasses, 5", 3-power. 1
Rule, parallel, steel, 18" 1
Rubber bands
s
boxes
, , . . * , , .
1
Scales, Engineer, triangular
t
. . ., 1
Scales* Engineer, triangular, metric '. . 1
Scales, Architects
. . . . . -
1
Scales, Triangular, metric I
Straight Edge, steel, 30" 1
"T"
Squares.SG" 1
Trays, washing, blueprint, 24 x 3 0 " . , . , . . . . 1
TrJanffular 30^60% 12" 2
Triangular 45- , 10" 2
of Gtm t)tj Gas 'I
1V-A.
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
75/125
Meteorological Equipment.
Stan ley ,
(or
equ iva l en t )
- - 1
H and, p o rta b le . . , , . , . . . . * . , . . , , , . . 1
[graphs
, . ,
T
,
. , . , . ,
1
a n d Dry T h e r m o m e t e r * , . . . , , , . * I
Sl ing Psychronic le r
]
Anero id Baromele r , l a rge 1
J tereoscope Panlerescope Sehweissgi th 1
Stop Watches 1
V.
Photographic Equipment,
Camera, Graphics 3 A 1
Developing, equipment, complete 3
Films, doz 6
VI.
Carpenter Equipment,
3,
sh ip hand l ed , se ts
of 5, 1
hvl s , sc ra tch . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . * . , 2
7G
Gas Manual
Part j}f
Pliers, side-cutting * 2
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
76/125
Plumb bombs, 9 1/i ov. I
Huleg, 2 ft* 4 fold 3
Saw, compass, 12" key hole Made, handled ]
Saw, compass, 14" blade, handled., 1
Saw, compass, 18" nail cutting blade 1
Saw, cross cut, hand, 26".. , 4
S a w , rip,h a n d , 26" ^
Scr ewdr i ve r , 5" b l a d e , , . . . , %
S q u a r e , s t e e l c a r p e n t e r ' s - , , , 2
Tape, meta l l i c* 50 ft ]
Square^ try , , ]
T - b e v e l s . . . . . . . . . .
1
W r e n c h e s , . m o n k e y,
12"-,
, 2
VU.
llecoiuiahsunce Equipment.
A l i d a d e s * ,., 2
B o a r d s , s k e t c h i n g . . . . , . , 2
C h e s t s , s k e t c h i n g o a t f i t , . , . . . . , . . , , . ,
2
C l i n o m e t e r s , s e r v i c e , w i t h c a s e s , 2
C o m p a s s e s, B o x . - , 2
C o m p a s s e s , P r i s m a t i c , w i t h c a s e s
. , , , , . . ,
2
of CfJ.s
by
Gits Troops
_ _
]j_
Training Manual - &
Fitiltl Service Regulations *
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
77/125
Infantry Drill Regulations
Manual of Courts-martial J
Dictionary, French-English, large < J
Manual interior Guard Duty
Mimeograph, small type, portable 1
N on-commissioned Officer's Manual >-
*
3
*
Small Arms Firing Manual - 3
Typewriters, Underwood, 1Q* Carriage * *
2
I X 5
Workshop Equipment.
Anvils, 150 lbs | -
Aprons, leather *
Bolt ciitters, 1/2" f
Solt cutteTs, 5/8"'
2
Brace, carpenter's , ,
t
. . . . . . . y 1
Chain Block, 3-ton . 1
Chisels, cold, 1/2" J2
Chisels, cold, 1"
1 2
Calipers, ontside, 6* pairs- . . * - . . , -
Calipers, inside, 6" pairs
J^
Gas Manual
l\iri It I
Dies and Taps
t
U. S,
Standard
machine screw, set, sizes
&/If>", 3/8", 7/1G"> 3/2". 5/8". 3/4", 7/8". I" ,
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
78/125
Dividers, pairs -
miit
Dies and T a p s , U. 5. set of S tandard th read 1/4* ii/16"'
i
3/8", 7/16" , 1/2", 5/8", 3/4"
T
7/8", 1" ' * j
F org e, m e d iu m s iz e. , . * , , , , ,
t
-.
F l a t t e r s
.
Fi les , f la t hastard, 16"
Files, smooth, 16*
"
YYYY. \
'YYYY.
Y , 2
Files, half-round, bastard. 1 fi" *' "
Files, flat bastard, 14" [. Y.
Piles, round bastard, 12" ,..,/.,,.[. 2
Fileg, round hastard,
fi".
T
,1V.
*v. 2
1V. v. 2
Files,
square bastard.
16". g
Files, square bastard, 12"
Files,
knife,
6" V.'.Y.'.V.'/.V.Y.W 6
F i l e s , w a r d i u g
s
4 ".
fi
F i l e s . M i l l , 12" ,.[[ ly
FIle.N.
M i l l ,8^ ' 12
I i[es, M i l l , 6" , " . " *'.'.'. [.,,..] 12
Fi le s ,
ha l f r ound ba sLa rd .
8"
.
\\,'.\.
. . \
12
Files, half roundbastard,
fi" VI
Files, Mill flat
t
4" f
Fuller set up to 2 3/8" size * " ]
o
f Gas by Gas Troops
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
79/125
Rule. 2 ft. 4 fold 1
pu les , Stan ley, joine d, 6 ft 2
Solder irons
4
2-lbs 2
Solder I rons . M b . . . 2
c, combina tion s tee l, S ta r rc t , 12" , , . , . . . , , . 1
le, stee l Sta rve t, G" 1
ips, tm
?
14", pairs
l
l
v e r s , bear ing set . I
Scrapers., carbon, sets
\
2
Sl ed ge s, size 3/S " to 1 1/4", set 1
Squ are, ca rpe nte rs ,1
Screw drivers, 3 " .
r
6 '
Screw drivers, 6" 12
Screw drivers, 8* 12
Scre w drivers , 12" , , 6
Screwdrivers, 16"
r
.. . .
r
fi
Trmgs b lacksmith , s t ra ight . . .
*
, . . . . 2
Tongs, gad, 3 /4 " to 1" 2
Torches, hlow, gaso litie 4
Vfse, bl ac ks m ith , 7fl-Ib 1
80
Otis Manual
Part
// /
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
80/125
88.
PROJECTS.
After receiving the reconnaissance report tbe unit commander
prepares a project. This is submitted to Division Headquarters
for approval. (See Paragraph 68),
The project generally covers the following points:
(1) Map Reference.
(2) Objecl of Proposed Operation.
(3) Emplacements and Target.
(4) Location of Billets Desired.
(5) Assistance or material needed from Division, (Trans-
port, carrying parties, etc,
1
.
(6) Safety precautions to be takea by Units holding Line,
00 Wind Limits, with Map.
(8) Estimate of Time Required for Installation.
Signature.
WIND LIMITS.
S8-A. Since the successful use of gas is largely dependertl
upon wind conditions* it is essential to establish rules govern-
ing the relation of tbe wind direction and velocity to the use of
f /sL
.
of
Gas by
tias Troops
31
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
81/125
3]
PROdLCTQRp
OVER
J
AND UNDER
IC \
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
82/125
. 36
CYU/YDCRu
VELOCITY QVEPJ U N D E R
&
M.PH
"sir
of G as h\} irna Troopn
(c) Lines (0-2) ar e then draw n muking angles of 20 with
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
83/125
(0-1) .
Th ese ang les (A) are the angles of sa fety.
(d) Lines (0-3) are ne xt dra w n m akin g angles of 15*
with
s (0-2), The se angles (B) are the angle s of sprea d.
(e> The ang le (C) re m ai ni ng
between
lines (0-3) gives the
limits for the operation.
If the direction of the wind is between these limits and its
velocity is between 3 and 12 m iles per ho ur ihe ope ration may
take place; if otherwise, it should be postponed,
SAFETY LIMITS,
-B . Since hoth Stokes m orta rs and Livens projectors are
more or less crude forms of artillery, they have Targe dispcr-
s of shots, both in range and deflection. Moreover* du e to
sfecttve propetlants
t
etc.. sho rts qu ite freque ntly occur. These
shots may Fall only one or two hundred yards from the
em
pi fi cem ent and if t he fuse is arm ed the y ex plode an d become
source of dan ger to otir own troops* It the refo re becomes
Sessary in conducting Stokes and Livens projector opera-
ions to prescribe certain safety zones for our owe persnnncl
d to remove all troops from territory lying utside the safety
lit s.
Gas Manual
-Part
HI
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
84/125
5TQKES
T A R O t T
[JSC O
f Gas Troops
RECONNAISSANCE REPORTS.
OQ After recon noiterm g a positio n, a reconn aissance rep ort
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
85/125
* out, giving the following data:
(1) Reference m ap .
(2)
Division holding line,
(3.) Targe ts w ith map reference, and occu pation.
(4,) Em placem ent pos itions with m ap reference,
(fl> Rec om m end : No. of Pro jec tors , Stokes MortaTS.
Cy lind ers 2'G" - 2'
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
86/125
"at a day and hour to be given later".
(5) Discbarge orders.
to) Wind limitsdirection and velocity.
(7) Safety precautions: cleared areas, and box respirator
areas,
(8) Synchronization of watches. Place and honr.
(9) Liaison and code words. This includes location of
various P. C/s and routine messages, such as wind, readiness,
etc*
(10) Action after zerohour. Camouflaging.
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
87/125
Gas,
92. The amo un t any kind of a s used by gas troo ps sboulo*
conform to tactical condilions, having due regard for wind and
conditions.
93 .
Gas m ay be correctly used as follo w s:
1.
/n
an active offensive:
(a) Preceding an attack, all enemy targe ts should be kept
under a gas atm osph ere, allow ing only a reason able time for
clearance before the arriv al of our tro op s. Only by so doing
a\n
the full benefit be derived in producing casualties, de-
moralization, reduction in fighting ciheiency, and morale.
(b) During a tem po rary check of an advance, extending
from a few boars to several days, gas should be used on enemy
c on cen tral i onSi villages , strong po in ts, wo ods, reve rse slopes
and machine-gun nests*
(c) During organization and consolidation of the line,should be used && for a temporary check* with special
tttention to sectors from which counterattacks may be launched,
(d) D arin g nig hts of an advance gas should be used on
Mtuiutil
Part
in
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
88/125
95. The intelligent use of smoke in modern infun try tactics
offers many advantages arising froin concealment and deception,
imoke mfly be correctly used by gas troops as follows:
(a) To mask enemy observatiou posts and blind hostile
machine-guns.
(JO To cover front and JUnks of attacking troops. I
n
frontal screens care must be exercised to place the smoke
screen, preferably on the enemy trench system, so that an
enemy barrage laid un the screen will not catch OUTown
advancing troops.
tcj As a feint to draw the enemy's attention to a front
which it is not expected to attack, causing him needlessly tu
retain troops and expend ammunition.
(d) Deceptive screens to simulate general or iocal attacks.
U& should. generally be used with smnke in these cases. A
proper nse of gas in connection with, sujoke screen work will
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
89/125
excellent w eapon for p rodu cing hi eh c onc en tratio ns in su r-
prise sho ots- Tt is esp ecia lly effective affainst ene m y concen-
trations. In villages and woods.
Dae to Us longer range, ft can he used when Stokes mortars
cannot. On the ot he r ha nd, the weigh t and hulk of th e eqiilp-
me^t hi nd er its use on a rrtptdly moving frnnt. W ith a length
of entry not to exceed 500 m ete rs from the lim it of m or ta r
traffic lo the emplacements, from lftO to 150 projectors can be
Installed and discharged in one nfght hy one com pany . T hi s
pjftfcea '
n c
projectors an eflicrelnt weapon during temporary
cheeks, or during organinations and consolidation of the line.
Projector drama filled with high explosive may he used
whenever wind cond ition s pre ve nt the use of ijns. The y con-
tain large charges in a case which is much, lig hte r tha n an
artillery shell, and are verv deadly against troops in the open.
They may also he nseri" to demolish wire-
Pro (ector dru m s mny be also filled wjlh oil, bn t as such ha vr
not yet been used by our tro op s. The y wo uld be useful in
h ning woods, or as a dem oralizing agent when gas conM not
he used.
Cylinders.
flO
Gas Manual
Part
They must be trained 16 insure correct trohnical execulion
their special equipment, ;is well fls to HJIOW to handle
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
90/125
n
emergencies of front line work.
The course tis i>u
Limed
herein is of the most intensive cl
neter, hut must
he
considered of ait emergency nature,
necessary in order t
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
91/125
protection against large casualties in our own personnel.
fficers and men m us t no t be. allowed to dri ll in an
indif-
cnt or aim less m an ne r. The picture of actual euinbnt m ut l
liept in ilie mind nf Ihu instructor nnd transmitted in those
ru lin g instruct Jan.
,i n u re s will be reduced to fi m ini m um , mad.*: brief and
possible j;ivtin in coiiueclion w ith expla ca tio n a and
of eqnipm eni in th e field*
Ga* defense training
will
nc continued during the entire
onrs(? >F tr a in in g , uying any
available
t ime and under con-
Uions which will leave every man capable of protecting hini-
lf in extreme emergency.
SCHOOL
PHASE.
101,
It
is ess en tial that the ofQcers wbo ere Lq ac tua lly lead
Lhe troops be train ed w ith them , and kno w the ir men . Th is
l div iding Lhe pers onn el iJitit sis classes , divid ing
ilong tactical lines of the unit s w ht re possible. These classes
ire as follows:
Class AOne-half of eommissioned personnel.
9a
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
92/125
ureas,
or tra in in g cam ps, s:> tho rou gh ly t ha t bo th officers
men will be able to take care of themselves un der the d
iwndiliuiis of th e front line w ork. Disc ipline an d insistence
on tfac performance of every detail of this work is essential.
EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES.
103, Chiefs of parties w ill antic ipat e th ei r needs and place
requisitions well in advance of lirae required, to insure delivery
;it advanced dum ps. The rumim um allowan ce of anm mnitioii
is as
fo l lows:
,
Stokes Mo-tars.
Live- Dum m y, Proje ctors.
Oeicera 20 20 5
N. C. Officers 15 10 2
Men o & I
TJIS Stokes Mortar ammunition will he furnished in the fol-
lowing propor t ions:
Pho sphorus S
Ranging
1
\ly div iding the Lwo cla sse s of per so nn el int o tw*i sectio ns ii
;
possible to h;ive one-half the oiiiccrs and non-co mm issioned
^ulcers with the men during ail periods of their training, ami,
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
93/125
g tbii instruction progresstvCj Lhat is, training the
and nun-comiiiiiisigned officers lirst, Lhey
can
bu used
Sup Lhe w ork
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
94/125
(1) P hys ica l Tr a in ing .
(2) School of th e Squ ad.
(3) School of th e Pl a to on .
In the wo rk of th e gas t ro op s th e p la too n i s th e w ork ing
uni t and i t shou ld be an en t i re ty in
itself.
I t shou ld be t ra ine d
as a un i t and s hould w ork toge ther . I t shou ld be so o rgan ized
th a t i t c a n u n d e r t a k e in d e p e n d e n t o p e ra t io n s .
(4 ) School of the Com pany and the Ba t t a l io n .
Ceremonies shou ld be g iven a p rominen t p lace in the schedule .
As the t ra in i ng p rogresse s an d th e un i t s a r e sp l i t up undergo ing
techn ica l t ra in ing , the parade and rev iew of fe r the bes t means
of keep ing the men se t up and snappy .
(5 ) G uard Du ty .
F o rm a l g u a rd m o u n t s s h o u ld b e h e ld , e sp e c ia l ca r e m u s t b e
tak en in th e ins t ruc t io n o f se n t i ne ls ; the y m us t be m ade to
rea l ize the se r ious na tu re o f the i r charge w hen pos ted as
sen t in e ls , in t im e of w ar . Any lax i ty in th e t ra in in g a rea may
resu l t in the g raves t o f fense in the fo rward a rea .
(6 ) Ex te nded Order .
In the c lose order work correct execut ion should be the key-
n o t e .
Th is shou ld be ob ta ined a t once , and th e ex tended order
Use of G as by G as Troops
truction m ust be followed up duri ng th e e ntire period of
f aining by frequent drills so as to insu re prom pt and correct
djustment unde r all conditions. This is of special imp ortance
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
95/125
^n night w ork, and n ight m arche s should be ma de w ith the
respii*a
tors
ad juste d. Men should be trai ne d to fire Stokes
Mortars w ith resp irato rs adjusted . Instru cto rs will pay special
attention to requiring men to adjust the mask at odd times when
engaged on other work, such as digging-in projectors, carrying
material forward, and the like-
The use of a mild lachrymator will materially assist in
showing the importance of this work and assist in checking up
delinquencies.
(10) Lectures.
(a) M ilitary Co urtesy.
(b) Organization of the Regime nt, Ba ttalion , Company
and Plato on. Spirit of the orga niza tion.
(c) Sanitation.
(d) Fi rst aid in case of ba ttle wou nds .
(e) Care of Gassed ca ses .
(f) Articles of W ar .
96
Gas Manual
Part rjf
107. 4-INCH TRENCH MORTAR.
(1) (a) The m orta r, its construc tion, weigh t of the various
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
96/125
parts, method of setting up, and explanation of its operation
(b) M ortar Drill.
(c) Dum my loading .
(d) Ex plana tion of range tab les.
(2) (a) Bom bs, th ei r con structio n, con tents and weights.
(b) Pro pella nts and ranges obtaine d.
(c) Fu ses and fuse setti ng.
In this work equipment should be used supplemented by draw-
ing and cross-sections of the actual material.
(3) (a) Con struction of em place m ents, and th e imp ortance
of good solid foundation for base-plates.
(b) Setting up m ort ar s and firing sam e.
(4) Map read ing, lay ing out lin es of fire w ith ma p, pro-
tractor and compass.
All officers and the senior non-commissioned officers must be
thoroughly trained in map reading.
(5) Charac teristics of the active m ate rials used in the
bombs .
(6) Tactical use of Trench m ort ars .
(a) Smoke and Th erm it.
se of &
as
by Gas Troops
(t>) Trench mo rta r drill , practice in loading with dum m y
pr tars .
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
97/125
i r )
(c) Lectures on pro pella nts, bom bs and ran ges. Recapping
-,
n
d cleaning of shells and fuses.
(d) Digging-in ba se-p lates , setting up gun s, camouflage.
(e) Firin g w ith reduced charges.
(f) Fi rin g full charg es.
(g) Complete inst allatio n and laying down a smoke bar -
rage.
(h) Firing at nig ht .
(i) Actual carr yin g out operatio ns, bo th day and night,
up to and including the use of live materials.
PROJECTORS.
108.
History of the projec tor, its developmen t, construction
and effectiveness.
Explanation of the material used in the construction of gun,
base-plate, propellant, charge box, lead wire and exploder.
Explanaiou of construction of drums, fuse head, gaine, de-
tonator and contents of bombs.
Weight and dim ension of th e gun an d accessories. Rang e
98 Gas Manual Part / / /
In the handl ing of J ive mater ia l s in the forward area special
precaut ions mus t be t aken to prevent the accumula t ion of l a rge
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
98/125
qu an t i t i es of dr um s in a exposed pos i t ion . Du gou t s or pro-
t ec ted loca t ions mus t be found.
Tes t ing exploder s , charge boxes before p lac ing in tube , ba t -
t e ry connect ions , ba t t e ry connected to l ead wi re , wi th explana-
t ion cover ing ga lvanometer , r es i s t ance box, and res i s t ance of
the d i f f erent e l ements .
Ins t ruc t ion in the comple te ins ta l l a t ion of ba t t e r i es r eady to
( ire un de r dif ferent con di t ion s of ter rai n an d we ath er , includ-
ing work
at
n i g h t .
Charac ter i s t i cs of the ac t ive mater i a l s used in the drum.
Tact ical use of projector .
Locat ion of emplacements , wind l imi t s and safe ty zones .
Methods of making reconnai s sances
and
poin t s to be observed.
P r e pa r a t i on o f pe r s onn e l , guns and am m un i t i on f or ac t i on ,
(a) D ut ies of al l ra n k s in ac t ion, '
Oper a t i on Or de r s and Oper a t i on Repor t s .
Organiza t ion of a comple te pro jec tor a t t ack .
jjse of Gas by Gas Troops
99
109.
CYLINDERS.
"lie cyl in der , i t s cons truc t ion, w eigh ts of the var iou s p ar t s ,
exp lana t ion of i t s opera t ion .
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
99/125
Ins t ruc t ion in ha nd l ing ins ta l l a t ion , connec t ing up and firing.
character is t ics of the act ive mater ia ls used*
Tactical use of cylinders.
Reconna issance and a r rangements fo r a cy l inder a t t ack .
Repara t ion of personne l and a l l mate r ia l s fo r ca r ry ing ou t o f
Under a t t acks .
F ie ld work in ac tua l ly ca r ry ing ou t cy l inder a t t ack .
Opera t ion Orders and Opera t ion Repor t s .
) rgan izat ion of a com plete cyl in der a t ta ck, w i th , i t s exccu-
Mi in ev ery de ta il .
Tra in ing of the men sh ould be take n up in the fo l lowing
sequence :
(1) The cyl ind er , i t s con struc t ion, and exp lan at io n of i t s
va r ious pa r t s .
(2) W ir ing and connec t ing .
(8) In sta l la t io n of ba t ter ies an d f ir ing.
(1) P rep a ra t i on and ca r ry ing ou t sma l l ope ra t i on s .
(51 Ca r ry ing ou t l a rger ope ra t ions , w i th spec ial a t t e n t io n
to the handl ing of mate r ia l over cons iderab le d i s tance and an
extended front .
(6) Op erat ion in keepin g w ith an ass um ed tact ical s i t ua -
100 Gas Manu alPart 171
(c) Speed in a l l pr ep ara tor y wor k as far as is consis tent
w i th thoro ugh ness . This can be done by ma king ca re fu l p lans
beforehand for any work in course of operat ion.
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
100/125
(d) Kn owing w her e a ll enl is ted m en are and being able to
have a pla toon turned out quickly for duty and in proper f ight-
ing order .
(e) Pe rson al know ledge of th e sector on wh ich the com-
pany i s opera t ing espec ia l ly the motor t ruck roads , horse -
d raw n w agon roads , r a i l heads and t e rmin i o f t r ench t r amw ays ,
dis tances of mule t racks or t ra i ls , d is tance of hand carrying
for personne l .
(f) Ab ili ty to look ahe ad and prov ide for unfo resee n co n-
t ingen cies . Give insta nce s of guides going as t r ay ; t raff ic
choked on ro ad s ; loss of t im e in ge t t ing com man d r ea dy ; no t
making proper rendezvous for in fan t ry ca r ry ing par ty ; no t
making proper reconna issances in day l igh t and los ing t ime in
f inding way at n ight ; not drawing suppl ies complete , and having
to go back for same; leaving the carrying t i l l the las t n ight be-
fore the a t tack, and then having a l l "up" t renches blocked by
infan t ry when same could be avo id ed ; l eav ing wo rk un t i l l a s t
n igh t , and then be ing rushed: over load ing of motor t rucks in
bad wea ther ; fa i l ing of mate r ia l to a r r ive in t ime; no t se lec t -
ing good men for gu ides and runners : bad l i a i son ; despa tch ing
Tse of Gas by Gas Troops
101
isiness explicitly, and generally work into the organization
so as alway s to be of assistance and never a hind ranc e. Only
in exceptional cases is it warranted to request special consid-
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
101/125
eration or break into the regularly established functioning of
larger organization.
113. LIAISON.
It is important to select smart intelligent men as runners.
They will be men who are above the average in soldierly quali-
ties, but not mature enough for non-commissioned rank.
They will receive the same training as other enlisted men,
but when they have learned the technical work and drill , they
will be given special instructions in map reading, use of the
compass, finding their direction at night, and carrying verbal
messages from Battalion or Company Commanders to Company
Officers without any alteration.
During practice operations on the training ground they will
be used by the officers in conveying code messages relating to
the operation and they will be practiced at night, getting across
country after dark.
Each officer will select and train two runners for his own
use. He will be responsible th at these men are fit for the job ,
and that they realize the importance of the duties in hand.
102 Gas Manual Part ///
Importance of complete chain of liaison from battalion to
company and company to platoon or detachment for operation
Importance of complete chain of liaison from platoon to
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
102/125
advanced battalion when in action.
114. SERVICE OF SECURITY AND INFORMATION.
This should follow the principles laid down in the Field Serv-
ice Regulations with special attention to the following:
Secrecy.
The success of these operations depends largely upon the
attack being a complete surprise to the enemy. Codes m ust he
used . Care should be exercised in the use of teleph one s. Tele-
phones should not be used for conversation in "clear" or at
regular intervals, as in the transmission of meteorlogical data.
When operating with other units in the line greatest care must
be exercised so as not to ind icate increased activ ity. The regu-
lations in force in the particular sector must he strictly com-
plied with.
Camouflage.
The simpler principles should be covered which will allow
of Gas by Gas Troops 103
*~ ' " ""
Map
Reading and Making.
It is not only disgraceful but criminal lor an officer to take
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
103/125
i , is men into action over unfamiliar ground without the ability
to keep himself properly located at all t imes.
Organization of an Attack.
Operations such as the gas troops must carry out frequently
necessitate the movement of large amounts of material and
use of a considerable nu m ber of m en. As in an y other opera -
tion it requ ires careful pla nn ing and org aniz ation . Tim e is an
essential element and must always be taken into consideration.
If normal contingencies are allowed for, the adverse condi-
tions of fron t line wor k w ill usu all y add sufficient difficulties
to tax the energy and ability of all concerned without allow-
ing for mistakes and lack of supplies.
Writing of Orders*
All officers must be trained to write clear, complete and cor-
rect orders covering units which they will be expected to lead.
After a thorough explanation of the necessity and the details
to be covered in an o rder, practical instru ctio n in connection
with actual operat ions undertaken in the general t raining wil l
usually suffice if these orders are carefully checked and mis-
104
Gas Manual
1'arl
116. EX HIB IT A.
Fighting Order.
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
104/125
(1) Clothing wo rn on the men as issued.
(2) Rifle, bay one t, and am m un itio n. (100 rounds.)
(3) Ac coutre m ents as issued , w it h the exception of the
pack. In going into action the pack is dropped an d left under
(4) Sm all box res pir ato r.
(5) Shrap nel helm et.
(6) In haversack reserve rat ion s, toilet articles, mess kit.
(7) Cantee n filled w ith wa te r.
Men must be trained to drink sparingly and a most careful
supervision given to a renewal of the supply.
Men are forbidden to carry any letters, papers, orders or
sketches which m ay convey inform ation to the enem y. Men
will be warned not to give any information, but name and rank
in even t of ca pt ure . The se po ints sho uld be checked up at fre-
quent intervals during the course of training.
EXHIBIT B.
A M E K I C A N
EXPEDITIONAKY FORCES,
Use
of Gus by
Gas Troops
105
13 .
The baiiV from R up t on Woevre to advanced dump 1B about eight
Kilometers.
T l i e t
y
a l
w e
}gt j
t
to haul, about 25 ton s. Four 3-ton truck s should
handle
t f l e
transportation
In one
night
to
advanced dump
(not
Including
men,
and provision). Light transportation
of
some kind
for 700
meters
u d
be
provided.
\
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
105/125
14.
Two flays for- one company will be required for installat ion.
15 . Green serim
to
cover
300
projectors
is
neeesBary.
16 . "Company Commander sonld be ?n P. C. Liege, 41.80-53.57.
17.
Comm unication from ba tte ry position
to
commanding officer
by
runner,
18 . Base -plates should be used,
19.
Bavin
des
Fouilles
can be
gasse d from
the
sim e position, using
four foot guns and eame line of fire. This ia well worth attempting with
four hundred suns, if carry can be a rranged.
20 .
Stokes mo rtars can be used from the front line near the aboveem-
pjacement to advan tage. Ex act best location not determined.
J .
H.
Mills,
Captain, 1st Gas Regiment.
EXHIBITC.
HEADQUARTERS
2 N D B A T T A L I O N ,
1ST GAS
B E O I M B N T
A M E R I C A N B. F.
CO P Y NO. 1.
BCBHT September 1, 1018.
Operat ion Order No. 41.
Map reference. Vign eulles
"A",
1-20,000.
106
Gas Manual
Part
/ / /
10.
Messages from
the
position officers
to the
Company Commander
be sent as
follows:
(a) Wind Messageseach half-hour from " H " minus s ix hours
Eo cHs-
minus four
an d
one-half hours.
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
106/125
(b) All ready when al l pre par at io ns are completed,
(e) Num ber of. dru ms discharg ed aft er final disch arg e.
11. The a rea enclosed by 43 .10 -53 .09 ; 42 .00-5 3 .54 ; 41 .90-53 .46 and 42 .27 .
52.92 should be c leared of a l l t roops as far as the ta ct u al s i tu at ion "
pe rm i t f rom " H " minus four hours and tea minu tes un t i l " I I " mlnua
hours and th ir ty-f ive m inut es . Any troops lef t in the above area and i t
nreas enclosed by 43.46-53.45; 42.00-53.54 and 43.10-53.09; and 42.27-52.92;
41.90-uS.46 and 42.04-52.92 must wea r box respira tors from H' minus four
hours and f ive min utes un ti l the "A ll C lea r" s ignal is g iven by their Gas
Officer.
12 .
It w ill not be nec essa ry to camouflage thi s position aft er the dis-
charg e. All peronnel , w ith the exception of those needed for
the
la ter a t-
tacks, wil l re t i re to the advanced bi l le ts .
13.
P lease acknowledge .
J . B. Carloek,
Major, 1 s t Gas Reg imea i .
Cop ies :
1. C. G. ">tli U . S. Ctorps.
2 .
C, G. 26th U. S . Divis ion.
3 . C. O. 1st Gas Regim ent .
4 .
C. G. Company D .
5.
W a r D i a r y .
119.
EXH IBIT D.
Use of Gas by Gas Troops
107
15 .
Casualties (Name
of
officers;
regiment^ numbers of
other rank*
ince reconnaissance).
No.
9153S4 slightly gasscl
in
clearing
a
trench
of
;
s
s h O
r t
T. M.
JS.
16 .
Time taken
and men
employed
on
operation 7 days
and
nights9U
ien
for
eight days.
46
more
for
four days
17.
Infantry assistance obtained
for
operation
64 ox
teams
for 5
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
107/125
its.
Trench mortar
and
artillery fire
0
plus
5 mln. to 0
plus
10 min.
. RemarksInformation from photographs
and
deserter showed
Ger-
ians creeping
in to
capture TETB
du
VIOLD. Inten se fire
for
destruction
two days previous
by
artillery
and
trench m orta rs. 3000 shells, 2000
T. M. E.
Quiet
for two
days
to
encourage enemy
to
return
to
work. Guns
will be loft
on
position
S for
future
use if
need develop,?.
Copies
to:
C,
O. 1stGas
Regiment.
0 ,
O.
Prov.
Btn., 1st Gas
Regt.,
21st
D. I.
(French).
33rd
C. A.
(French) Secret File.
W .
P.
Pond,
Captain,
Co. A,
1s t
Gas
Regiment.
FUNCTIONS OF GAS OFFICERS.
(See paragraphs 100-148Defense Aginst Gas.)
120. The essential qualities of a gas officer are technical
knowledge, tact, courtesy, initiative, ingenuity, and energetic
perseverance. He must bear in mind that his supply and ad-
ministrative duties are not the most important, and that one
of his most important duties is to advise with respect to gas
108 Gas Manual Part
advance of those who discharge their duties satisfactorily
whenever a vacancy exists.
(i) Secure as near full allowan ces of trans po rtati on as
practicable.
-
7/25/2019 WD 1475-3 - AEF GAS MANUAL - Use of Gas by Gas Troops.pdf
108/125
(j) M aintain filing system , em phasize care of and m aking
of m aps , form and substance of repo rts and correspondence,
appearance of office.
(k) Keep a w ar diary .
II.
Relations withi