WATER RESOURCESENGINEERING 98
Volume 1
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONALWATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING CONFERENCE
SPONSORED BY THEWater Resources Engineering
Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers
CO-SPONSORED BY THEU.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Wetlands Division
HOSTED BY THEWest Tennessee Branch, ASCE
Ground Water Institute, University of Memphis
IN COOPERATION WITH THEAlabama Water Environment Association
American Fisheries SocietyAmerican Society of Agricultural Engineers
Arkansas Water Resources CenterCalifornia Department of Water Resources
City of Memphis, TennesseeInternational Association for Hydraulic Research
International Association of Hydrological SciencesInternational Water Resources Association
Society of American Military EngineersU.S. Army Corps of Engineers
August 3-7, 1998Memphis, Tennessee
EDITED BYSteven R. Abt, Jayne Young-Pezeshk and Chester C. Watson
J H f i ^ * f American Society^ 9 l r S of Civil Engiiwan
1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVERESTON, VIRGINIA 20191--M00
UB/TIB Hannover 89118 845 683
Contents
VOLUME 1
MINI-SYMPOSIA ON BRIDGE SCOUR
CHAIR: JORGE. E. PAGAN-ORTIZ, FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
SESSIONBS-1Scour Countermeasures I
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Richard L. Voigt, University of Minnesota
Status of the Scour Evaluation of Bridges over Waterways in the United States 2Jorge E. Pagan-Ortiz, Federal Highway Administration
Bridge Scour and Stream Instability Countermeasures 5P. F. Lagasse, M. S. Byars, and L. W. Zevenbergen, Ayres Associates
Cable-Tied Blocks as an Alternative for Protecting Bridge Piers Against Scourunder Mobile-Bed Conditions 15
Carlos Toro-Escobar, Richard Voigt, Jr., and Gary Parker, University ofMinnesota
SESSIONBS-2Scour Countermeasures II
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: J. Sterling Jones, Federal Highway Administration
From Art to Science: Bridge Scour Countermeasures 21Lisa M. Fotherby, Inter-Fluve, Inc.
Flow Modification Techniques to Control Pier Scour 27M. Leonard Oppenheimer, Polygon
Overview of the July 1997 Spring Creek Flood-Fort Collins, Colorado 33J. R. Richardson, University of Connecticut, and F. L. Ogden, University ofMissouri - Kansas City
Sacrificial Piles and Iowa Vanes as Pier Scour Countermeasures 39Bruce W. Melville, Anna C. Hadfield, and Christine S. Lauchlan, Universityof Auckland - New Zealand
SESSION BS-3Scour Countermeasures III
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Jorge E. Pagan-Ortiz, Federal Highway Administration
Impact of Scour Monitoring and Instrumentation in the United States 45A. Ginsberg, Federal Highway Administration, and J. D. Schall, AyresAssociates
Caltrans Countermeasures and Their Costs 51Catherine Avila, Steve Jaques, and Paul Davies, Caltrans
Scour Monitoring of the Woodrow Wilson Bridge 57Beatrice E. Hunt, Hardesty & Hanover, LLP; Louis N. Triandafilou, FHWA,Paul A. Carreras Jr., Virginia DOT; David A. LaBella, Maryland SHA; andGerald R. Price, ETI Instrument Systems, Inc.
SESSION BS-4Tidal Scour I
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Stanley R. Davis, Maryland State Highway Administration
Federal Highway Administration Concept for Designing and Evaluating TidalInfluenced Bridges for Scour 63
Johnny L. Morris, Ayres Associates, and Jorge E. Pagan-Ortiz, FederalHighway Administration
Tidal Hydraulic Modeling for Bridges 68Lyle W. Zevenbergen, Peter F. Lagasse, and Everett V. Richardson, AyresAssociates
A Simple Interactive Computer Program for Routing Tidal Flow Through Bridges 74Raja Veeramacbaneni, Fred Chang, and Stanley R. Davis, Maryland StateHighway Administration
Evaluating Existing Tidal Bridges in Virginia For Scour 80James C. Filson, II, T. Y. Lin International, and William S. Springer,Dewberry and Davis
SESSION BS-STidal Scour II
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Michael A. Ports, Parsons BrinckerhoffQua.de & Douglas, Inc.
Local Scour Under Tidal Flow Conditions 86D. Max Sheppard and Edward Albada, University of Florida
Sensitivity of Currents and Water Elevations in Tidal Waters to Storm SurgeParameters 92
D. Max Sheppard and Athanasios Pritsivelis, University of Florida
Bridge Scour Assessments Following Hurricane Danny in Southern Alabama 98Stephen A. Simpson, Leon Pinkston, Alabama Department of Transportation,and Michael A. Ports, Parsons BrinckerhoffQuade & Douglas, Inc.
Runup of Wind Waves on Riprap 104Donald L. Ward, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
SESSION BS-6Scour Risk, Reliability, and Uncertainty
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Peggy A. Johnson, The Pennsylvania State University
Fault Tree Analysis of Bridge Scour 110Peggy A. Johnson, The Pennsylvania State University
Estimating the Risk of Scour Vulnerable Bridges 115Stuart M. Stein, G. Kenneth Young, and David R. Pearson, GKY &
Associates, Inc., and Roy E. Trent, Federal Highway Administration
Design and Construction of the First Bored Tunnel Under the Nile River 121Michael A. Ports and Conor Shea, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas,Inc.
SESSION BS-7Unknown Foundations
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Edward J. Kent, Earth Tech
Nondestructive Assessment of Unknown Bridge Condition 127Paul S. Fisk, NDT Engineering, Inc.
Dispersive Wave Methods for Unknown Pile Lengths 133J. Damn Holt, FDH, Inc.
NCHRP 21-5 Research Results on Determination of Unknown BridgeFoundation Depths 139
Marwan F. Aouad and Larry D. Olson, Olson Engineering, Inc.
Evaluating Unknown Bridge Foundations: It is Worth It? 145William A. Home, Clough, Harbour & Associates LLP
SESSION BS-8Complex Scour I
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: David Froehlich, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc.
Scour Measurements Under Ice 151Leonard J. Zabilansky, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - CRREL
Computer Model for Prediction of Scour at Bridges Affected by LargeWoody Debris 157
N. P. Wallerstein and C. R. Thome, University of Nottingham - UnitedKingdom
SESSION BS-9Complex Scour II
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Catherine Crossett-Avila, Caltrans
Effects of Pier Shape On Local Scour 163Bruce W. Melville, University of Auckland - New Zealand
Maryland SHA Procedure for Estimating Scour at Bridge Abutments, Part 2:Clear Water Scour 169
Fred Chang and Stanley Davis, Maryland State Highway Administration
Local Scour Increment by Successive Bridge ConstructionThis chapter appears in the "Additional Papers " section; see page xxxvii.
Abutment Scour in Compound Channels for Variable Setbacks 174T. W. Sturm and A. Chrisochoides, Georgia Institute of Technology
SESSION BS-10Complex Scour III
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Catherine Crossett-Avila - Caltrans
Testing Abutment Scour Model 180G. Kenneth Young, Xibing Dou, Kamal Saffarinia, GKY & Associates, Inc.,and J. Sterling Jones, Federal Highway Administration
HEC-RAS Hydraulic and Scour Analysis of Ten Mile River Bridge Under theCaltrans Seismic Retrofit Program 186
Ejaz Mohammad and David T. Williams, WEST Consultants, Inc., CatherineCrossett-Avila, and Dennis McBride, Caltrans
Scour at Complex Pier Geometries 192D. Max Sheppard, University of Florida, and J. Sterling Jones, FederalHighway Administration
Using a 3-D Model To Predict Local Scour 198Xibing Dou, G. Kenneth Young, and Stuart M. Stein, GKY & Associates; andJ. Sterling Jones, Federal Highway Administration
Innovative Instrumentation Techniques for Detecting and Measuring the Effectsof Sediment Scour Under Ice 204
N. E. Yankielun and L. J. Zabilansky, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -CRREL
SESSION BS-11Bridge Scour Field Measurements I
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: David S. Mueller, U.S. Geological Survey
Scour Measurements at Contracted Highway Crossings in Minnesota, 1997 210David S. Mueller and Harry A. Hitchcock, U.S. Geological Survey
The Collection of Clear-Water Contraction and Abutment Scour Data at SelectedBridge Sites in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont of South Carolina 216
Stephen T. Benedict and Andy W. Caldwell, U.S. Geological Survey
Rapid-Estimation Method for Assessing Scour at Highway Bridges 222Stephen R. Holnbeck, U.S. Geological Survey
SESSION BS-12Bridge Scour Field Measurements II
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: David S. Mueller, U.S. Geological Survey
Hydraulic Evaluation of 1-65 at the Alabama River Peninsula 228John Curry and Leon Pinkston, Alabama Department of Transportation
Detail Scour Measurements Around a Debris Accumulation 234David S. Mueller, U.S. Geological Survey; and Arthur C. Parola, Universityof Louisville
Numerical Simulation of Flow Patterns at a Bridge with Debris 240Arthur C. Parola Jr., Sridhar Kamojjala, University of Louisville;John E. Richardson, Flow Science, Inc., and Michael W. Kirby, PDREngineers, Inc.
Detecting Bridge Scour by Measuring the Thermal Variation Across theStream Bed 246
Charles V. Camp and Shahram Pezeshk, University of Memphis; andTerry D. Leatherwood, Tennessee Department of Transportation
SESSION BS-13Scour on Rock and Cohesive Soils I
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Albert Molinas, Hydrau-Tech
Effect of Cohesion on Abutment Scour 252Albert Molinas, Colorado State University, Nagy G.Y. Reiad, Water ResearchCenter, Hydraulics Institute-Egypt; and J. Sterling Jones, Federal HighwayAdministration
Proposed Pier Scour Procedure for Rock Formations 258George W. Annandale, Golder Associates, Inc., and Steve P. Smith, URSGriener
Time to Scour Experiments as an Indirect Measure of Stream Power AroundBridge Piers 264
David A. Bertoldi, GKY & Associates; and J. Sterling Jones, FederalHighway Administration
The Erodibility Index: Practical Aspects 270George W. Annandale, Golder Associates, Inc.
SESSION BS-14Scour on Rock and Cohesive Soils II
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Larry A. Arneson, Federal Highway Administration
Effect of Clay Content on Bridge Scour 280Albert Molinas, Colorado State University, and Ahmad Abdeldayem,Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency
Pier Scour Depths Affected by Clay in Mississippi 286K. Van Wilson Jr., U.S. Geological Survey
Pier Scour in Montmoriilonite Clay Soils 292Albert Molinas, Colorado State University, Magdy Hosny, InternationalCenter for Water Research; and J. Sterling Jones, Federal HighwayAdministration
Local Scour at Bridge Piers in the Cohesive Soil in the Yellow SeaThis chapter appears in the "Additional Papers " section; see page xxxvii.
SESSIONBS-15Stream Stability I
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Pete F. Lagasse, Ayres Associates
Alluvial Fan Dynamics-Hazards to Highways 298S. A. Schumm and Pete F. Lagasse, Ayres Associates
Gravel Mining Impacts on San Benito River, California 304Michael D. Harvey, Mussetter Engineering, Inc. and Thomas W. Smith, AyresAssociates
SESSION BS-16Stream Stability II
Sponsored by Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour SafetyModerator: Pete F. Lagasse, Ayres Associates
Hydraulic Design of Bridge with Erodible Road Embankments 310Howard H. Chang, San Diego State University, and Jack Abcarius, T.Y. LinInternational
Comparison of Erosion and Channel Characteristics 315Gene W. Parker, U.S. Geological Survey
Investigation of Velocity Patterns Under a Bridge Deck in a PressureFlow Condition 320
Christopher I. Thornton, Colorado State University, and Larry A. Arneson,Federal Highway Administration
Pier Scour on Slightly Skewed Double Bridges 326D. A. Lyn, E. Neseem, T. Cooper, A. R. Rao, and A. Altschaeffl, PurdueUniversity
MINI-SYMPOSIUM ON STREAM BANK PROTECTIONCHAIR: DAVID S. BIEDENHARN, U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS - WES
SESSIONSP-1Streambank Protection, Case Studies I
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerator: David Biedenharn, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
Case Histories in Soil Bioengineering Streambank Protection 334Robbin B. Sotir, Robbin B. Sotir & Associates
Bioengineered Bank Stabilization on the Little Miami River 340Lisa M. Fotherby, Todd R. Hoitsma, and Dale E. Miller, Inter-Fluve, Inc.
New Adventures in Bioengineering, Willow Curtains and Willow Poles 346David L. Derrick, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
Utilization of Natural Vegetation Groins as a Bank Protection Measure 352Shoji Fukuoka, Hiroshima University - Japan
SESSION SP-2Streambank Protection, Processes I
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerator: Drew Baird and Rodney J. Wittier, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
Pore Pressure and Bank Stability: The Influence of Matric Suction 358Andrew Simon and Andrea Curini, USDA - Agricultural Research Service
A 1995 Bank Erosion Survey Along the Illinois Waterway 364T. W. Soong, N. G. Bhowmik, and M. Bera, Illinois State Water Survey
The Mechanism of Bank Caving of Lower Yantze River 370Yin-Chuan Chen, Hydraulic Bureau of Nanjing and Xing-Xiang Zhou,Management Department of Yantze River of Nanjing Reach-China
Monitoring & Modeling Streambank Subsurface Water Conditions in NorthQueensland, Australia
This chapter appears in the "Additional Papers " section.
SESSIONSP-3Streambank Protection, Case Studies II
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerator: Rebecca Seal and David L. Derrick, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
Remediation of HAZWOPER Floodplains, Wetlands, & Streambanks 376Telena D. Moore, Roy F. Weston, Inc., John M. Stiner, MK-Ferguson;Ronald L. Collins, Lockheed Martin Energy Systems; Jeffery L. Eyman,Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Restoration Techniques for Urban Streams 381J. R. Duncan, R. A. Hanahan, M. E. Pleasant, T. R. Gangaware, andD. L. Feldman, University of Tennessee
Bank Stabilization Experience on the Middle Rio Grande 387Drew C. Baird, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
SESSION SP-4Streambank Protection, Design Guidance ISponsored by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Moderators: Robbin B. Sotir, Robbin B. Sotir & Associatesand Stephen T. Maynord, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
Soil-Cement for Channel Bank Stabilization 393Dennis L. Richards, Simons, Li & Associates, Inc., and Kenneth D. Hansen,Schnabel Engineering Associates, Inc.
SESSION SP-5Streambank Protection, Case Studies III
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerator: Phil Combs and Lisa Hubbard, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
Nontraditional Erosion Control Projects Constructed on the Missouri River 399D. L. LaGrone and J. I. Remus II, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Rootwad Bank Stabilization on the Middle Rio Grande 405Shawn Boelman and Drew C. Baird, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
Four Years Later, Harland Creek Bendway Weir/Willow Post Bank StabilizationDemonstration Project 411
David L. Derrick, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
Stability of Biological Engineering Methods 417Andreas Dittrich, University of Karlsruhe - Germany
SESSIONSP-6Streambank Protection, System Response
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerator: Andrew Simon, USDA - Agricultural Research Service
Channel Stability of Turkey Creek, Nebraska 423David L. Rus, and Philip J. Soenksen, U.S. Geological Survey
Effectiveness of Grade Control Structures in Incised River Channels of NorthMississippi 429
Chester C. Watson, Colorado State University, and David S. Biedenharn, U.S.Army Corps of Engineers - WES
Evidence of Willow Post Induced Deposition 435Gregory V. Wilkerson, Colorado State University
SESSIONSP-7Streambank Protection, Processes II
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Lisa Fotherby, Inter-Fluve, Inc.,
and Douglas Shields Jr., USDA - Agricultural Research Service
Application of Deformable Stream Bank Concepts to Natural Channel Design 441Dale E. Miller and Peter B. Skidmore, Inter-Fluve, Inc.
The Relationships Between Soil Conditions and Growth of Willow Posts onStreambanks 447
S. R. Pezeshki, University of Memphis; F. D. Shields, USDA - AgriculturalResearch Service, and P.H. Anderson, University of Memphis
River Bed Deformation Computed from Shear Stress 453Saeed Reza Khodashenas, Andre Paquier, Division Hydraulique - France,and Bernard Gray, U.M.R.-CNRS - France
Improvement of Flow and Bed Profile Due to Gentler Bank Slopes in aCurved Channel 459
Shoji Fukuoka, Hiroshima University - Japan, and Tatsuya Nishimura, CTIEngineering Co., Ltd. - Japan
SESSIONSP-8Streambank Protection, Design Guidance IISponsored by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Moderator: Chester C. Watson, Colorado State University
Bendway Weirs and Highway Protection in Colorado: A Case Studyon the Blue River 465
Steve Smith, URS Griener, Inc. and Rodney J. Wittier, U.S. Bureau ofReclamation
Corps of Engineers Riprap Design for Bank Stabilization 471Stephen T. Maynord, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
Soil Bioengineering Streambank Techniques 477Robbin B. Sotir, Robbin B. Sotir & Associates
The WES Stream Investigation and Streambank Stabilization Handbook 483David S. Biedenharn, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES, Charles M.Elliott, Private Consultant, and Chester C. Watson, Colorado State University
MINI-SYMPOSIUM ON HYDRAULICS AND HYDROLOGY OF WETLANDS
CHAIR: LISA C. ROIG, U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
SESSIONHW-1Hydrology of Natural Wetlands
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Raymond Walton, WEST Consultants, Inc.
and Lisa Roig, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
A Hydrological Study in Minesing Swamp, Ontario 490Andrea L. Bradford and W. Edgar Watt, Queen's University - Canada
Monitoring Fluctuation in Wetland Groundwater Elevation 496John Gregoire, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, and Scott Egan,ENSR Environmental Consulting, Inc.
Estimating Flow Velocities Through a Natural Wetland 502David A Stern, City University of New York, Lorraine L. Janus, New YorkCity Department of Environmental Protection, Reza Khanbilvardi, CityUniversity of New York, James C. Alair, William R. Richardson, P. BryceMcCann and Yuri A. Gorokhovich, New York City Department ofEnvironmental Protection
Hydrologic Impacts of Groundwater Fluctuations on Wetland Systems 508Randal S. Switt, Michael D. Annable, William R. Wise, University ofFlorida, and Jo Anne E. Walser, U.S. Military Academy
SESSION HW-2Wetland Modeling I
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Allen Hjelmfelt, University of Missouri
andAnanta Nath, South Florida Water Management District
Storage-Outflow Modeling of a Headwater Wetland 514Robert McKillop, N. Kouwen, and E.D. Soulis, University of Waterloo -Canada
Two-Dimensional Flow and Transport Modeling for Hydraulic Design andAnalysis of Treatment Wetlands 520
Kirk R. Barrett, Bioengineering Group, Inc.
SESSIONHW-3Wetland Modeling II
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Elliot Silverston, URS Griener and Jobaid Kabir, LCRA
PIV and Numerical Modeling for Flow Analysis 526Ehab A. Meselhe, University of Southwestern Louisiana, A. A. Bradley,Anton Kruger, and Marian V. I. Muste, University of Iowa
Integrated Hydrological Modelling in South Florida Water Management District 532Jason Yan, South Florida Water Management District, Emily Hopkins,Henrik Refstrup Swensen, and Jesper Tonnisen Kjelds, Danish HydraulicInstitute - Denmark,
Diffusion Model To Study Mangrove Hydrodynamics 538V. T. Deeptha, University of Cincinnati, and B. S. Thandaveswara, IndianInstitute of Technology - India
Investigating Isolated Wetland—Aquifer Interaction Through Modeling 544Jo Anne E. Walser, U.S. Military Academy, William R. Wise, Michael D.Annable, and Randal S. Switt, University of Florida
SESSION HW-4Flow Through Vegetation
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Lisa Roig, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
and Raymond Walton, WEST Consultants, Inc.
Hydraulics of Submerged Flow Constructed Wetlands with Plants 550Allen Thompson, Xiaoli Sun, and Allen Hjelmfelt, University of Missouri
A Model for Flow with Flexible Vegetation-Covered Bed 556Tetsuro Tsujimoto, Nagoya University - Japan, and Tadanori Kitamura,University of Mississippi
SESSION HW-5Riparian Wetlands
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Lisa Roig, U.S. Army Corps of Engineering - WES
and Jim Poppleton, Environmental Consulting and Technology, Inc.
Critical Watershed Identification for West Tennessee Streams Using GIS 562Roger A. Gaines, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, James Outlaw, FederalExpress, and Jerry L. Anderson, University of Memphis
River Restoration Projects of South-West Germany: Aim and Development 568Giinter Hartmann and Andreas Dittrich, University of Karlsruhe - Germany
Development of Sand Island with Vegetation in Fluvial Fan River UnderDegradation 574
Tetsuro Tsujimoto, Nagoya University - Japan
Interaction Between River-Bed Degradation and Growth of Vegetation Zonein Gravel Bed River 580
Tetsuro Tsujimoto, Nagoya University - Japan, and Tadanori Kitamura,University of Mississippi
SESSIONHW-6Coastal Wetlands
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerator: Jobaid Kabir, LCRA, and Elliot Silverston, URS Griener
Sediment Transport in the Barataria Basin 586Donald E. Barbe, Yong Mo, University of New Orleans, and James F. Cruise,University of Alabama - Huntsville
Management of Mangrove Forest for Coastal Wetland Restoration 592Junaid K. Choudhury, Conservator of Forest - Bangladesh
Wetland Wave Attenuation and Shore Protection 598Paul A. Tschirky, Kevin R. Hall and David J. Turcke, Queen's University -Canada
SESSION HW-7Wetlands Hydrology and Hydraulics of Florida Everglades
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerator: Ananta Nath, South Florida Water Management District,
and Elliot Silverston, URS Griener
Selection of Spatial and Temporal Discretization in Wetland Modeling 604A. M Wasantha Lai, South Florida Water Management District
Simulation of Overland and Groundwater Flow in the Everglades National Park 610A.M. Wasantha Lai, Mark Belnap and Randy Van Zee, South Florida WaterManagement District
Correcting Spillway Design Deficiencies 616Ronald Mierau, South Florida Water Management District, and RichardBunnel, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
SESSION HW-8Wetland Hydrology in Florida
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Elliot Silverston, URS Griener
and Ananta Nath, South Florida Water Management District
H & H Modeling in High Water Table-Low Relief Area 622Michael Walters and Elizabeth Geurink, Dames & Moore, Inc., Ananta Nathand Gail Abbott, South Florida Water Management District
SESSION HW-9The Role of Hydrology in Wetlands Creation or Restoration: Case Studies
Sponsored by U.S. Army Corps of EngineersModerators: Jim Poppleton, Environmental Consulting and Technology, Inc.
and Lisa Roig, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
Hydrologic Investigations of the Loxahatchee Mitigation Bank 628Raymond Walton, Sigurdur Gardarsson, Anand Raman, WEST Consultants,Inc., Harold A. Frediani Jr., Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation, andDouglas T. Shaw, South Florida Water Management District
Hydrologic Problems and Freshwater Wetland Creation 634Mark M. Brown, Florida Department of Transportation
Restoring Wetland Hydrology in Farmed Wetlands 640Doreen B. Donovan, Environmental Consulting & Technology, Inc.
MINI-SYMPOSIA ON CHANNEL RESTORATION
CHAIR: PETER C. KLINGEMAN, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
SESSION CR-1Starting Points for River Restoration
Sponsored by Task Committee on Sedimentation Engineering for River RestorationModerator: Rebecca Seal, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
The Need for Clearly Defined Objectives in Stream Restoration Design 648Eric R. Brown and Peggy A. Johnson, The Pennsylvania State University
Institutional Structures for River Restoration 654Courtland L. Smith and Peter C. Klingeman, Oregon State University
Woody Vegetation in River Restoration: Problems and Opportunities 660F. Douglas Shields, Jr., USDA - Agricultural Research Service
SESSION CR-2Technical Analyses for River Restoration
Sponsored by Task Committee on Sedimentation Engineering for River RestorationModerator: Richard D. Hey, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
Geo-Hydraulic Diversity Index (GDI): A Method for Assessing the Sustainabilityof Rivers 666
Kevin S. Skinner, Peter. W. Downs, University of Nottingham- UnitedKingdom, and Andrew Brookes, The Environmental Agency — UnitedKingdom
River Restoration and Near-Channel Gravel Mining 672Peter C. Klingeman, Oregon State University
On Sediment and Habitat in the Upper Animas River Watershed, Colorado 678Robert T. Milhous, U.S. Geological Survey
Hourly Water Temperature Modeling of the Guadalupe River, California 684Russ T. Brown and Anne Huber, Jones & Stokes Associates, Inc.
SESSION CR-3Habitat Assessment in Rivers
Sponsored by Task Committee on Sedimentation Engineering for River RestorationModerator: William Fullerton, FLO Engineering, Inc.
Predicting Trout Habitat with Hydraulic Models 690D. W. Crowder, E. J. Pert, D. J. Orth, and P. Diplas, Virginia PolytechnicInstitute and State University
Restoration of Boreal Lowland Rivers in Finland: Problems and Approaches withRespect to Conservation and Flood Protection 696
Juha Jarvela, Helsinki University of Technology, and Jukka Jormola, FinnishEnvironment Institute - Finland
The Sacramento—A River in Repair 702Richard A. Welsh, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
SESSION CR-4Stream Corridor Restoration Principles, Processes, and Practices:
New Federal Interagency Stream HandbookSponsored by Task Committee on Sedimentation Engineering on River Restoration
Moderator: F. Douglas Shields, Agricultural Research ServicePanelists: Jerry Bernard, USDA - Natural Resource Conservation Service,
Ronald Tuttle, USDA - Natural Resource Conservation Service,George Ice, National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc.,
and Ronald R. Copeland, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
Federal Interagency Stream Corridor Restoration Document 708F. Douglas Shields Jr., USDA-ARS-NSL, Jerry M. Bernard, and Ronald W.Tuttle, USDA-NRCS
SESSION CR-5Gravel Bed & Cobble Bed Rivers
Sponsored by Task Committee on Sedimentation Engineering on Rivers RestorationModerator Peter C. Klingeman, Oregon State University
Equilibrium Gravel Bedload Transport 712Robert G. Millar and Colin D. Rennie, University of British Columbia
Sediment Sampling for Environmental Monitoring 718Panayiotis Diplas, Vinod Lohani, John Petrie, and Dan Stare, VirginiaPolytechnic Institute and State University
Bedload Transport in Cobble-Bed Rivers 724Duo Fang and Guoliang Yu, Sichuan Union University - China
Scour Depth of Salmon Redds Relative to nearby Bed 730Colin D. Rennie and Robert G. Millar, University of British Columbia -Canada
SESSION CR-6Fluvial Processes in Restoration
Sponsored by Task Committee on Sedimentation Engineering for River RestorationModerator Rodney J. Wittier, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
Perturbations of Stage Hydrographs Caused by Channelization and Incision 736Martin W. Doyle, Inter-Fluve, Inc. and F. Douglas Shields, Jr., USDA -Agricultural Research Service
Simulation of Alluvial Processes in Evolving Channel Networks 742Eddy J. Langendoen and Ronald L. Bingner, USDA - Agricultural ResearchService
Resistance to Flow at the Channel-Overbank Interface 748Chad E. Morris, Steven R. Abt, Christopher I. Thornton, Colorado StateUniversity, and J. Craig Fischenich, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
GENERAL CONFERENCE PAPERS
SESSION C-lHydrologic Disaster Reduction and Prevention — I
Case Studies and Lessons LearnedSponsored by Task Committee on Hydrologic Disasters
Moderator: Anand Prakash, Dames and Moore
Perspectives on the 1997 Flooding: Red River of the North 756L. Douglas James, National Science Foundation, Scott F. Korom, Universityof North Dakota, and Gerald Galloway, National Defense University
The 1997 Red River Floods: What Went Wrong? 762Roger A. Pielke, Jr., National Center for Atmospheric Research
Non-Structural Method To Reduce Local Pier Scour 768J. R. Richardson and D. L. Roberts, University of Missouri - Kansas City
SESSION C-2GIS Applications in Surface Water Hydrology
Sponsored by Task Committee on GIS Modules and Distributed Models of the WatershedModerators: Rafael G. Quimpo, University of Pittsburgh,
and Paul DeBarry, RKR Hess Associates
Data and Uncertainties for GIS Based Hydrologic Modeling 774Jurgen Garbrecht and Patrick J. Starks, USDA - Agricultural ResearchService
GIS-Hydrologic Model Integration 780Fred L. Ogden, University of Connecticut
GIS Data Exchange for the Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydraulic andHydrologic Models 786
Thomas A. Evans, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - HEC
Constituent Loads and Water Quality in the Corpus Christi Bay System 790Ann M. Quenzer and David R. Maidment, University of Texas - Austin
SESSION C-3Detention & Debris Basin Design & Considerations
Moderator: Adnan Alsaffar, Bechtel International
Single Outlet Detention Pond Design and Analysis Equation 796D. Lee Currey and A. Osman Akan, Old Dominion University
Design Considerations for Multiple Detention Systems 802James C. Y. Guo, University of Colorado - Denver, John P. Clark,Montgomery Watson, and Ken Gilberth, VTN-nevada
Overtopping Prevention of the Harrow Debris Basin in Los Angeles County 808David T. Williams and Martin J. Teal, WEST Consultants, Inc., and SreeKumar, Los Angeles County Department of Public Works
Water Quality Detention Basin Analysis 814A. Osman Akan, Old Dominion University
Reliability Assessment in Detention Basin Design 820A. Melih Yanmaz, Middle East Technical University - Turkey
SESSION C-4Impinging Jets
Moderator: George W. Annandale, Golder Associates Inc.
Plunge Pool Recirculating at Dam Toes 826Joseph P. Juergensen and Steven R. Abt, Colorado State University
Plunging Jet Measurement Improvements Using ADV 832Kevin D. Nielsen, Marian Muste, and Larry J. Weber, University of Iowa
SESSION C-SEnvironmental Aspects in Coastal Areas
Sponsored by Task Committee on Physical Processes in Tidal Wetland RestorationModerator: Mark S. Dortch, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
Model of Suspended Solids, Light and SAV 838Carl F. Cerco and Mark S. Dortch, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES
Tidal Circulation in the Southern Indian River Lagoon 844Guangdou Gordon Hu and David Unsell, South Florida Water ManagementDistrict
Evaluation of Methods Used in Estimating Outflow Rates in Coastal Watersheds 850D. M. Amatya, G. M. Chescheir and R. W. Skaggs, North Carolina StateUniversity
Environmental Change by a Water Front Development 856Moon Ock Lee, Sam No Lee, and II Heum Park, Yosu National University -Korea
Numerical Simulation of Tidal Flow in JN Port, Bombay, India 862Fayi Zhou, University of Alberta - Canada, Uram Ramesh, Central WaterPower Research Station - India, and C. C. S. Song, University of Minnesota
SESSION C-6Hydrologic Disaster Reduction and Prevention II: Modeling
Sponsored by Task Committee on Hydrologic DisastersModerator: Jerry Richardson, University of Missouri - Kansas City
An Overview of Hydrologic Disasters Prediction Models 868Shou-shan Fan, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee
Application of Remote Sensing Technology for Monitoring Floods 874Edwin T. Engman, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
Application of GIS in Hazardous Remedial Action System 880Tsung-Han Lin and Kwang K. Lee, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee
Methodology for Using Post-Disaster Information To Improve the Accuracyof Flood Mapping 885
Zhida Song-James, Dewberry & Davis
SESSIONC-7Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Hydrology ISponsored by the Committee on Surface Water Hydrology
Moderators: Rao S. Govindaraju andA.R. Rao, Purdue University
Scaling Issues in Artificial Neural Network Modeling and Forecasting of AlgalBloom Dynamics 891
Mark French, University of Louisville, Friedrich Recknagel, University ofAdelaide, and G. Lynn Jarrett, University of Louisville
Using Modular Neural Networks To Predict Watershed Runoff 897B. Zhang and R. S. Govindaraju, Purdue University
Modeling of Watershed Flood Forecasting with Time Series Artificial NeuralNetwork Algorithm 903
Cho-Chung Yang, National Chiao Tung University, Chang-Shian Chen, FengChia University, and Liang-Cheng Chang, National Chiao Tung University -Taiwan, R.O.C.
SESSION C-8Drainage Design in Water Resources Engineering I: Construction
Sponsored by Task Committee on Conflicts in Drainage Design and Water ResourcesEngineering Construction
Moderator: William F. Ritter, University of Delaware
Bid Preparation and Construction Sequence 909Charles F. Keltch, Consulting Engineer
Specifications and the Contracting Process: Owners Viewpoint 914Thomas R. Weichel, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
Design Data Collection for Preparing Job Specifications 920Glen D. Sanders, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
International Drainage Construction Conflicts 926Walter J. Ochs, Consultant
SESSION C-9Endangered Species and Their Impacts on Reservoir Operations
Sponsored by the Committee on Research and EducationModerator: Donald K. Frevert, Bureau of Reclamation
Pacific Northwest Salmon Reservoir Operation Issues 932Jim Fodrea, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
Modeling and Management of Water in the Klamath River Basin:Overcoming Politics and Conflicts 938
Marshall Flug, U.S. Geological Survey, and John F. Scott, Colorado StateUniversity
First-Year Selective Withdrawal Performance of the Shasta Dam TemperatureControl Device 944
Tracy B. Vermeyen, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
Remediating Selenium Impacts on Endangered Fish in the Upper Colorado River 950Delbert M. Smith, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
SESSION C-10Hydrologic Disaster Reduction and Prevention HI: Management & Environment Aspects
Sponsored by Task Committee on Hydrologic DisastersModerator: Fred Ogden, University of Connecticut
Environmental Concerns and Hydrologic Disasters 956Robert W. Brocksen, EPRI
Flood Hazard Identification and Management in Storage Flood Areas 961Mathini Sreetharan and Zhida Song-James, Dewberry & Davis