Europe - Citizens are provided with city-specific and widely differenciated Waste Management Systems
P, P, P+P or PPP ?
Dumper, Pyromaniac, Separator, Waste and Recycling
Manager and / or Urban Miner ?
2 Michael Resch, Abt. VBS Waste Management in Berlin 24 October 2013
Berlin: Financing the Management of Waste and Recyclables
residual mixed waste
organic waste
glass
paper and cardboard
15 recycling and
reuse centers
bulky waste collection
lightweight packaging
/ plastics
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BSR: type of company and mandate
Berlin Stadtreinigung (BSR) is commissioned to perform the responsibilities of the State of
Berlin in matters of
Refuse collection
Waste treatment
Street cleaning, snow removal and gritting
Under the legal form of a public law institution the BSR is 100% owned by the State of Berlin.
BSR is organized like a public limited company since 1994.
When fulfilling the responsibilities of public administration, BSR is financing its tasks through
service fees. In this case the generation of profits is strictly ruled out.
BSR is also allowed to operate commercially e.g. via subsidiaries. These Activities shall be
complementary to the public responsibilities.
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Principles on the calculation of charges
Equivalence
“right balance” between performance (service that is provided) and reward (waste
management charges to be paid)
Principle of Equal Treatment
to give comparable treatment and to offer comparable opportunities to all customers
(a. same access to services of all customers, v. there should be equal and/or
comparable pay for equal service)
Cost Coverage
the service fees charged for a public or other service must both cover the cost of
providing that service and may not exceed the costs over the accounting period
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120 l 240 l 1.100 l 60 l
63,50 € 75,30 € 98,60 € 303,80 €
BSR Service Fees for Mixed Waste Fees per Quarter Related to Weekly Emptying Without Extra-Services
64,08 € 76,94 € 98,59 € 309,34 €
66,75 € 81,87 € 101,88 € 320,09 €
2009/10
2011/12
2013/14
bin size
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In the Price Comparison between the largest German Cities, Berlin is ranking at the Top*
* Source: BBU „Preisspiegel 2014“ (September 2014)
city € per m3
€ per m3 * incl. collection of paper & cardboard = 26,75 €
(in brackets: changes vs. year before)
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50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
90,0
100,0
110,0
120,0
130,0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Preise (2000 = 100) Hausmüll-Tarife Bio-Tarife Reinigungs-Entgelte
Price Increase in Germany and Development of
BSR-Tariffs (Year 2000 = 100)*
* Das Basisjahr 2000 wurde gewählt, da in diesem Jahr die Zielvereinbarung zwischen dem Land Berlin und der Berliner Stadtreinigung abgeschlossen wurde.
Die Entwicklung der Hausmüll- sowie der Biomülltarife basiert auf der Entwicklung der Tarife für die einzelnen Behältertypen. Die jeweiligen Tarife wurden ohne
weitere Gewichtung z.B. nach Anzahl ausgestellter Behältertypen bzw. Umsatzanteil in die Indexierung einbezogen. Die Reinigungsentgelte verlaufen linear,
eine Gewichtung ergäbe kein abweichendes Ergebnis.
Prices (2000=100) Tariffs Mixed Waste Tariffs Bio Tariffs for Street Cleaning
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Berlin: typical housing situations
1 x 120l MSC2 (fortnightly)
1 x 60l Bio (fortnightly) or composting
1 x 240l PPK3 or RC4 (monthly)
1 x 240l LVP5 (fortnightly)
Glass is delivered to collecting points
or
3 x 240l MSC (weekly)
1 x 240l Bio (weekly)
3 x 240l PPK (fortnightly)
2 x 240l LVP (fortnightly)
2 x 240l Glass (fortnightly)
2 x 1.100l MSC (twice a week)
2 x 240l Bio (weekly)
3 x 1.100l PPK (weekly)
2 x 1.100l LVP (fortnightly)
2 x 1.100 l Glass (fortnightly)
one family home
(~1 household)
housing block
(~10 flats1)
large housing estate
(~60 flats)
or
1) Used by families, single persons or small businesses 2) Municipal Solid Waste from households and small businesses ( mixed waste) 3) Paper &
cardboard 4) delivery to a recycling and reuse center 5) lightweight-packaging collected via bins or sacks
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Current Structure of BSR Service Fees Service Fees for Mixed Waste also Cover the Costs of Other Services
bulky waste
collection
green waste bin
recycling and
reuse center
bin for recyclables
an non-packaging of
similar material
others: christmas tree
and leaf collection
Sperrmüll-
abfuhr
se
rvic
e f
ee
s (
20
13
)
Costs of
services that
are reduced are
free of charge
mixed waste bin
Costs of
basic services
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New Service Fee Structure Starting in 2015* Implementation of a New Household-related Basic Fee (“Eco-Fee“)
• household-related
(per appartment, housing
or utilisation unit)
• regardless of the bin size
and the number of emptyings
• per year
• related to the costs of
services that are calculated
not fully cost-covering
variable charge
• variable charge on mixed waste
related to bin size and frequency
of emptying
reduction by 20%
• variable charge on Green waste
related to bin size and frequency
of emptying
reduction by 20%
• Other cost reduced services:
bulky waste service fee
service for bin transport
Prices for Leaf Sacs
no change in service fees
free of charge
• recycling and reuse center
• collection of recyclables and
non-packaging of similar
material (bin for recyclables)
• christmas tree collection
• provision of bring sites for /
electronic scrup / WEEE-
collection
• etc.
24,60 €
per unit and year no change
basic charge
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Role of Municipalities in Producer Responsibility Schemes
municipalities are the main actors in the field of general household waste management
in Germany
there are different roles for municipalities in the field of producer responsibility
schemes in Germany
WEEE: Producer responsibility schemes „divided between producers and
municipalities“: municipalities collect WEEE (and can opt to recover WEEE);
producers have to take over WEEE at the municipal collection points (if required to
do so by the municipalities);
packaging, batteries, etc.: „Full producer responsibility scheme“: producers set up
and/or finance private systems for the collection, recycling and recovery.
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Development of Packaging Waste Management DSD had a quasi-monopoly in Germany for the management of packaging waste for
a long time
the Federal Cartel Office at some point demanded more competition in the field
today there are 10 systems which compete in Germany
the collection and the recovery / recycling services in relation to glass and lightweight
packaging are procured for shorter periods
DSD regularly concludes standard agreements in relation to ~ 420 designated areas.
Packaging Legislation in Germany system finances itself via licensing fees on packaging
collection infrastructure for sales packaging was created in accordance with the
municipalities
companies that carry out the collection and the recycling/recovery of sales packaging
locally are selected via competitive procurement procedures by the private system
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