Download - Voluntary agencies in health care delivery
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Role of NGO in Health Care Delivery
Presenter: Dr Sandhya Rani Javalkar
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Non government Organisation
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Contents What is an NGO? History of NGO Role and responsibilities of NGO Difference in NGO and GO NGO as partner in health care delivery NGO and NRHM Leading NGOs – Nationally and
Internationally Advantages of NGO in health care Few review articles Few NGOs
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Introduction
Include organizations engaged in public service, based on ethical, social, religious.
Formal/ Informal groups
Following characteristics: Private, Self-governing Registered organizations/ informal groups Defined aims and objectives Do not return profits
Source: NGO India website, http://ngo.india.gov.in/faq_ngo.php
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History of evolution of NGO in India Dates long back in history
During 18th century: emergence of self help Friend-in-Need Society (1858) Prathana Samaj (1864) Satya Shodhan Samaj(1873)
In 1916 : Mahatma Gandhi’s focus on Swadeshi movement, Voluntary action.
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History of evolution of NGO in India 1951: First Five-Year Plan
“In any plan for social and economic regeneration, state should give them maximum cooperation in strengthening their efforts.”
1965–1966: International NGOs entered India in significant numbers
1980 :NGOs began to be formally recognized as development partners of the state
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How many NGOs in India??
India witnessing NGO boom
Around 20 lakh of them in states and union territories.
There is 1 for every 600 people.
one policeman for every 943 people.
India has just one doctor for every 1,700 people. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-witnessing-NGO-boom-
there-is-1-for-every-600-people/articleshow/30871406.cms
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PRIA survey
Participatory Research in Asia, 1982
Engaged in religious activities: 26.5%
Work in the area of social service: 21.3%
NGOs works in education: one in five
Fields of sports and culture: 17.9%
Only 6.6% work in the health sector.
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Types of NGO
Service Empowering
Charitable Participatory
Looking at the role of the Non-Governmental Organizations in primary health care field in India to meet the Millennium Development Goals.
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Supplementing GO
Health legislati
on
Role of
NGO
Pioneering
Education Service
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Difference in NGO and GOGOVERNMENT ORGANISATION
NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION
Prof. Amartya Sen, the relationship between the state and NGOs is one of “cooperative conflict”.
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NGO as partner in health care delivery Health Education Clinic Services. Water and
sanitation Nutrition Communicable
diseases Family planning
Nearly half (42%) had targeted the poor as their main beneficiaries. Followed by Mothers, youth and general public
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Bangladesh’s GonoshasthayaKendra(1971) A comprehensive and
innovative health care system
Primary health care to advanced surgical care
Access to health was non existent in a wider radius.
Today- 2500 employee and 12 centres
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What makes GonoshasthayaKendra special??
Primary group
• Most elementary course
• To village women usually illiterate
• Hygiene, common ailments
• 1 week of training
The second group
• Illiterate women
• Trained by GK for the government.
• 1 month of training
• Evaluated by a GK doctor
• Gov stipend
The third group
• Paramedics, 5 yrs schooling
• To treat diseases
• How and when blood, urine, sputum and stool tests
• Family planning
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Specific roles of NGOs in primary health care development
Work for greater understanding and positive attitudes
Assist national policy formation in health care.
Establish greater collaboration, coordination
Evaluative techniques to render all new programs are accountable to real community needs
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During Implementation of program Particular attention to local community
development groups
Conduct reviews and assessment of existing health programs
Enables communities to assume greater responsibility for their own health
Ensure increase in beneficiaries for existing programs
Expand their training efforts, e.g., training of health workers, supervisors.
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NGO and NRHM Supplementary or complementary role
Selection/approval of the NGOs and overseeing implementation of the projects
Key features:
Decentralization of the schemes Emphasis on measurable qualitative and
quantitative performance indicators. Increased interface of NGOs with Government
bodies. Rationalization of the jurisdiction area serviced
by the NGO to provide in depth service.
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NGO and NRHM
MOTHER NGO (MNGO) SCHEME
SERVICE NGO (SNGO) SCHEME
STATE NGO COORDINATORS (SNGOCS)
RRCs
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Responsibilities of NGOs in their relationship with WHO Implementing the mutually agreed
programme of collaboration
Utilize the opportunities to disseminate information policies and programmes.
Collaborate individually or collectively in WHO programmes to further health-for-all goals.WHO | Principles Governing Relations with Nongovernmental Organizationshttp://www.who.int/civilsociety/relations/principles/en/ 6/6
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Leading NGOs in India
Lepre society
Uday foundation
Aravind eye care system
Smile foundation
Udaan
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Leading NGOs - Internationally CARE(Co operative assistance and
relief)
HelpAge
Rotary International
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Advantages of NGO in health care Flexible , Transparent, accountable
and efficient
Strengthen PPP
Strengthen International co operation
Significant influence on national program, policies and legislations
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Problems and Issues of NGO Affairs: Inequitable
distribution
Political pressure
Limited resources
Gov Co operation
Aid providing agencies
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Making Health Care Work for the Poor By Nance Upham, Review of the NGO
experiences in selected Asian countries.
Looked at four aspects:
Health care and socio-economic context. Global advocacy capacities Proven capacities for comprehensive primary
health care Capacities to innovate and prepare health
systems for the future.
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Health System for the poor need not be poor
health system
NGOs favour “best of” in Primary Health Care
NGOs’ assets:
Know-how to deliver good health care to poor
Powerful advocacy capacity for health as a human right
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Potential for Gov-NGO partnership in Health care WHO publication stated that:
NGOs are not ready for engagement in the governance of the national programme.
No networking amongst NGOs to be able to partner and exercise voice.
At present NGOs work in isolation
Negative competitive orientationhttp://www.who.int/macrohealth/events/civil_society_asia/en/Potential_for_Government_NGO_Partnership_in_Health_Care.pdf
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Professional bodies
PHFI: Public health foundation India
Independent accredition body to regulate standards of health education
Establishing strong research network
Catalysing growth and evolution
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International Redcross Henry Dunant, buisnessman 1859 Objective: aid to the wounded without distinction
Activities:
Disaster management First aid Maternal and child welfare Health education
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Indian Red Cross Society 1920 Working in 35 states More than 400 branches
Objective: promotion of health, prevention of disease and mitigation of suffering
Activities :
Relief Medical supplies Maternal and child welfare services, FP Blood Bank and First aid
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Rockfeller Foundation
Mr John D Rockfeller Public health and medical education
India: 1920
Uniqueness: All India Institute of Hygiene and Public health, Kolkatta.
Family planning, rural training centre and medical education
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Center for Health and Development (CHD – India) Location: Ground Floor, Millennium Towers, Opp Highland
Hospital, Falnir, Mangalore
VISION STATEMENT:
To reach out through humanitarian efforts and to articulate frameworks that advance conversations in health and development
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References NGO India website, http://ngo.india.gov.in/faq_ngo.php Partnership with Non- Government Organisations, NRHM, Chapter
8.101-104 Civil Society Initiative (CSI) Principles Governing Relations with
Nongovernmental Organizations WHO and Civil Society: Linking for better health External Relations and
Governing Bodies C I V I L S O C I E T Y I N I T I AT I V E World Health Organization WHO/CSI/2002/DP1
Nance Upham, Making Health Care Work for the Poor Efficiency in Health Delivery Systems “Best of” in Primary Health Care Review of the NGO experiences in selected Asian countries.WHO publication
Potential for Gov-NGO partnership in Health carehttp://www.who.int/macrohealth/events/civil_society_asia/en/Potential_for_Government_NGO_Partnership_in_Health_Care.pdf
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-witnessing-NGO-boom-there-is-1-for-every-600-people/articleshow/30871406.cms
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Thank You