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Visual User Interfaces
David Rashty
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“Grasping the whole is a gigantic theme. Arguably, intellectual history’s most important. Ant-vision is humanity’s usual fate; but seeing the whole is every thinking person’s aspiration.”
David Gelernter
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Introduction
• The huge amount of information available through the Internet demands increasing efforts to the development of more intuitive and obvious ways of organizing, presenting and retrieving information.
• Alternative (non-textual) user interfaces are now maturing due to market conditions and the availability of support technologies.
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Vision
• Positive feelings about user interfaces:– Control of the interface;– Being able to perform tasks;– Ease in learning the system and confidence in
the capacity to retain acquired knowledge; – Enjoyment in using the system;– Desire to explore further.
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Definition
Visual user interfacesemphasize visual elements, direct manipulation and functionality in the presentation of information.
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Main elements
• Task oriented designThe interface is the medium through which users achieve their objectives.
• Direct manipulationFeeling of direct interaction with objects rather than working through an intermediary.
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Capabilities
• The basic capabilities visual interfaces offer are:– Enable a global view of the data collection;– Focusing on specific elements;– Filtering undesirable information;– Viewing relationships between elements,
finding patterns in the information space.
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Applications
• Searching and browsing information spaces;• Retrieval of information from databases;• Presentation of massive amount of data in
intuitive ways;• Computer Aided Design;• High resolution images of the human body;• Digital libraries.
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Classification
• Ben Shneidernman proposes a taxonomy to identify visual interfaces:– 1D: Linear data, text, lists.
– 2D: Planar data, images, maps.
– 3D: Volumetric data, 3D images, solid models.
– Temporal: Timelines, histories.
– Multi-dimensional: Many attributes, relational, statistical.
– Hierarchical: Trees.
– Network: Graphs.
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Text, 2D, 3D
Taken from the Acm digital library
Comparison of visualization methods according to task completion in seconds. 3D interfaces supercedes others in all categories.
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Text, 2D, 3D
• Mean time to fulfill a task versus the number of sessions for different visualization methods:– Time for 3D and 2D
interfaces diminishes considerably while for textual interfaces time increases.
Taken from the Acm digital library
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Text, 2D, 3D
• The mean time to complete tasks versus computer experience.– Time for 3D and 2D
interfaces diminishes considerably while for textual interfaces time remains constant.
Taken from the Acm digital library
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Pros and Cons
• Less syntax reduces error rates;
• Analogies help to prevent errors;
• Faster learning and higher retention;
• Fosters exploration and learning.
• Increased system resources;
• Misunderstandings are common;
• Tracing actions may be difficult;
• Visually impaired users.
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Example – Inxight
• Automatic site map generator. Users get a general view of the information space and have a feeling of the inherent connectivity of the data in the site.
Click once on the picture to see a movie
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Example – Inxight
• Visual organization and presentation of complex databases in an intuitive and easy to understand way.
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Example – Plumbdesign
• Interactive thesaurus presenting relationships of words in the English language in an intuitive and flexible user-directed display.
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Example – Bacardi
• Bacardi’s interface fosters interactivity and exploration suchthat users can learn about the history qualities of Bacardi.
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Example – The Brain
• The visual element in this browser facilitates navigation and gives a sense of direction that helps the user to find the information he is looking for.
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Example – Spotfire
• A visual approach to information retrieval and presentation. The graph represents a huge amount of data that would be difficult to conceptualizein other ways.
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Conclusion
• Visual interfaces are a new visual design paradigm for turning meaningless information into relevant items according to users needs.
• Enabling users to deal with information in a more natural way will enhance human computer interaction and even the way people interact with each other.
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References
• www.acm.org: technical articles.• www.cs.umd.edu/projects/hcil: Ben Shneiderman • Companies:
– www.spotfire.com
– www.plumbdesign.com – www.inxight.com
– www.thebrain.com
– www.thinkmap.com