Download - Visual text comprehension
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UNDERSTANDING VISUAL TEXTS
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‘O’ Levels Examination• Section A – Visual Text Comprehension (Paper 2)• 5 marks• Skills
• Understanding of visual texts at literal, inferential & evaluative levels
• Personal engagement• Engagement with visual impact of material• Engagement with real concepts• Engagement with familiar concepts• Engagement with non-linear layout
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Visual texts• Texts that are created using still or moving images
• May or may not contain words• Television, film, radio, advertising, billboards, the Internet, computer games and programs, art works such as paintings, drawings, sculptures, architecture, book covers, illustrations
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Visual Text Comprehension• Understanding images & words in the context it is being used• Bring life experiences & background knowledge to what is
being read/viewed
• All visual texts are influenced by the cultures, values, ideologies and world views in and through which they are created & consumed.• Eg. Family photo in your home vs. A family potrait in a
magazine or• Artists’ impression vs. housing agent’s view of a HDB estate
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How to interpret visual texts?• We need to first identify the different elements that make up the text.
• These include: • Images• (Colour)• words – includes title, headlines, captions• Typographical features - type of font, font size• Layout – spatial arrangement of different elements in a
text
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Images…
• Images are mental représentations, pictures of objects, people or animals or any diagram that provides visual information.
• Images in a visual text may contain:• People, animals or object participating in an action• Flow charts, maps or labelled images showing a
concept or an idea• Symbols or icons
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What does this image show?
-Concept/idea-Desire to show unity between young & old-Unity between different races also
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What does this image show?
-An action – ex – offender trying to remove the label from his back-Stereotype – tattooed people are offenders
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More on images…
• Angles – looking down vs looking up• Looking down at someone conveys a sense of power or control
• Looking up at a person or object can make us feel vulnerable
• Framing – determines amount of information given to viewers• Close-up shot – closer social relation, lesser details
• Long shot – distant relation, more details
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Framing
NDP poster -Long shot – more details -Focus on people in singapore
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Framing
Election poster in 2006-Close-up shot of Lee Hsieng Leong-Focus on voting for him
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Words (Includes titles, headlines, captions)
• Who is the target audience when something is said?
• Why are certain words used over others?• What information is being conveyed in words?
• Literal, Inferential, Evaluative understanding of words in text
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NEA Poster
-How are the words being transposed with the image in the poster?-Why do you think the words ‘Just Bin it’ was used in this poster? What effect is this intended on the viewer?
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Words (Includes titles, headlines, captions)
• Title – main topic of the poster • Headline – main statement that tells the main message of the poster ; usually the text in the largest and boldest font
• Captions – It is the typed text under photographs explaining the image and usually in one sentence
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Typographical features - font type and size
• Are the fonts in capital letters or non-capitalised letters?• Are some words intentionally larger or smaller for any reason? Why?
• Usually determines the reading paths of the reader/viewer.• Reader/viewer will tend to be attracted to the larger fonts used in the text.
• Usually for words that are meant for emphasis.
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- What are the words that are meant to capture viewer’s attention first?
- What is the next thing that captures your attention?
- With regards to the typographical features, why do you think the poster is created as such?
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Layout• Placement of elements in text can influence the meaning of the image.
• Types of placement:• Top/bottom – top contains the ‘attention-grabber’; bottom contains new information
• Left/right – left side contains information that is understood; right side presents new information
• Note: not all of these ‘codes’ apply to every image – images are shaped according to purpose and effect their creators wish to achieve.
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Top/bottom
• Top – attention-grabber (Visual + words)
• Bottom – more information about the deal that Burger King is offering
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• Left side – reported natural disasters in the country
• Right side – information about the services they are providing
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Remember this?
• Advertorial by Watsons
• Study the placement of the image with the products that Watson’s is trying to sell. Notice that the testimonies of the experts are placed before the products they are selling.
• Why do you think the layout is as such?
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Recap…• Different elements of visual texts:
• Images• (Colour)• words – includes title, headlines, captions• Typographical features - type of font, font size• Layout – spatial arrangement of different elements in a text
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Task• Kingsway Unit 3 Paper 2