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Visual Bukan Tayang(non –projected visual)
• Terjemahkan idea abstrak kpd. format yang lebih realistik/konkrit
• Contoh: gambarfoto (photograph), lukisan/gambar rajah, poster, kartun, graf, carta
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Visual Bukan Tayang(Gambarfoto)
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Visual Bukan Tayang(gambar rajah)
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MELAKAR DAN MELABEL LONGITUD
SESUATU MERIDIAN
ATAU.
140o
U
S
0o140oB
.
U
S
140o
0o
140oB
OO
Visual Bukan Tayang(gambar rajah)
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Poster
• Kombinasi imej, garisan, warna & teks
• Berfungsi dalam domain afektif
• Mesej ringkas dan menyentuh perasaan
• Efektif jika dapat tarik perhatian dan sampaikan mesej dengan cepat
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Kartun
• Bahan grafik yang ada unsur humor dan sindiran
• Boleh digunakan untuk menjelaskan atau menguatkan maksud penerangan
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Sabar, jangan cepat
marah……
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Graf
• Menghasilkan perwakilan visual data numerikal
• Tunjukkan perhubungan antara unit-unit data dengan tren pada data
• Data pada graf lebih mudah ditafsir daripada data dalam bentuk jadual
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Jenis Graf (Graf bar)
Berat
(kg)
Umur (tahun)
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Jenis Graf (Graf Bulatan/Graf Pai)
Melayu
Cina
India
Lain-lain
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Jenis Graf (Graf Garisan)
Gaji bulanan
Belanja
bulanan
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Jenis Graf (Graf Piktorial)
2000
2010
2005
10 ribu
15 ribu
20 ribu
Tahun Jumlah hasil
= 5 ribu biji epal
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CARTA
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Carta
• Persembahan grafik (bukan gambar foto)
• Dua-dimensi – garisan-garisan & teks
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Carta
• bahan grafik yang membantu visualisasi idea dan konsep yang abstrak dan untuk memahami perhubungan-perhubungan tertentu
• Visual mewakili perkaitan-perkaitan abstrak – kronologi, hiraki, kuantiti
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Carta Aliran
Tunjukkan aliran atau urutan sesuatu proses & perkaitan antara bahagian-bahagian dalam proses
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Carta Aliran
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Carta Organisasi
Tunjukkan struktur organisasi sesebuah sekolah, persatuan, jabatan, dll
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Carta Organisasi
Timbalan Dekan 1
Ketua Jabatan Ketua Jabatan Ketua Jabatan Ketua Jabatan
Timbalan Dekan 2 Timbalan Dekan 3
Dekan
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Carta Klasifikasi
Tunjukkan pembahagian atau penjenisan perkara tertentu
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Carta Klasifikasi
Contoh Contoh
Air
Contoh Contoh
Udara
Contoh
Tanah
Pencemaran
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Carta Pohon
Digunakan untuk kajian salasilah atau asal usul keturunan sama ada manusia, binatang atau tumbuhan
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Carta PohonAnelida
AntropodaVeterbrata
Flagelat Primitif
Platihelmin
Parazoa
Kordata Primitif
Ekinoderma
Moluska
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Carta Garisan Masa
Menunjukkan perhubungan kronologi dengan kejadian-kejadian tertentu
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Carta Garisan Masa
1800 1900 2000
Keretapi Kereta Kapal terbang
Kapal
angkasa
Perkembangan Teknologi Pengangkutan
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Carta Jadual
Menunjukkan maklumat atau data berbentuk numerikal (angka)
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Carta Jadual
Gandum Besi Minyak
Australia 0 20 40
England 60 30 45
Perancis 28 0 50
Peratusan Bahan yang Diimpot
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FUNGSI CARTA/ BAHAN PAMERAN
• Menyampaikan /menunjukkan konsep atau idea secara visual
• Membantu guru menerangkan konsep/idea yang kompleks
• Menonjolkan isi-isi penting (key words) – senarai dll.
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Kelebihan Carta
• Saiz yang besar – boleh muat banyak maklumat
• Digantung/pamerkan selepas kelas –dapat diteliti oleh pelajar
• Mudah dan murah
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Kekurangan
• Carta buatan sendiri – tidak tahan lama
• Carta komersial – mungkin tidak sesuai dengan tujuan pengajaran dan boleh mengelirukan
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Ciri-Ciri Carta Yang Baik
• Tujuan pengajaran jelas
• Visual dan kata-kata kunci (key words) dapat bantu kefahaman pelajar– Unsur verbal menyokong unsur visual
(bukan sebaliknya)
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Ciri-Ciri Carta Yang Baik
• Maklumat – ringkas
– Satu idea atau gagasan idea sahaja
– Sebahagian besar mesej disampaikan melalui saluran visual
• Saiz sesuai –boleh dibaca & dilihat
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KISS
PRINCIPLE
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Bahan Penghasilan Visual
Menarik
Berkesan
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Prinsip Reka Bentuk Visual
• Simplicity (mudah)
• Unity (kesatuan)
• Emphasis (Dominan)
• Balance (keseimbangan)
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Elemen Reka Bentuk Visual
Space (Ruang)
Line (Garisan)
Shape (Bentuk)
Texture (Tekstur)
Color (Warna)
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Wheel of Colors
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Skema Monokronik
Skema Berhampiran
Skema Penggenap
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Terdiri dari satu warna yang
sangat muda kepada warna
tua.
Skema Monokronik
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Warna-warna yang
berhampiran dalam carta
warna
Skema Berhampiran
(Analogos)
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Warna-warna yang digunakan secara
berlawanan dalam carta warna
Skema Penggenap
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•warna complementary –
bertentangan dlm carta (eg merah
& hijau)
• warna analogos – pleasing
• warna kromatik – pigmen
• warna panas & sejuk
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Rumusan
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Topik seterusnya?