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VIRGINIA
Roanoke and
Jamestown
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EUROPEAN RIVALRIESBy the late 1500’s, Spain had established a large empire in America, making Spain very rich----and England and France very jealous.
After England defeated Spain in 1588, the English decided to establish their own colonies in North America---hoping to make England more powerful and wealthier than Spain or France.
I want ENGLAND to have colonies too!
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ENGLAND’S FIRST ATTEMPT• Queen Elizabeth I gave
Sir Walter Raleigh permission to build an English colony in the New World.
• The new colony would be called Virginia.
• In 1585, a settlement was built on Roanoke Island.
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THE MYSTERY OF ROANOKE• By 1587, over 100 English settlers lived at Roanoke.
• When a supply ship arrived in 1590, the settlement was found abandoned and the people were missing---the only clue were the letters CRO carved into a tree.
• What do YOU think happened?
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What could the English learn from
Roanoke?•Roanoke proved
that a colony would fail unless it was properly financed, properly manned, and properly supplied.
•A new approach was needed.
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JOINT-STOCK COMPANY
• Merchants (businessmen) set up a new company----the Virginia Company of London.
• People would invest money in the business. The company, with government support, would run the colony and split the profits with investors.
• The company received a charter from the king.
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JAMESTOWN• Established in 1607.
• Located in present day Virginia.
• Became the first permanent English settlement in the New World.
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PROBLEMS• Diseases such as
malaria and yellow fever killed many.
• Men searched for gold instead of farming and building adequate shelters for the winter.
• Relations with the Indians were rocky.
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THE STARVING TIMES• In 1609, more than 800
colonists arrived at Jamestown from England.
• Due to weather, Indian problems, and a lack of food----starvation set in.
• People ate rats, mice, snakes, and roots (plants) to live.
• By 1610, only 60 out of 800 were left alive.
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SUCCESS AT JAMESTOWN
• In 1612, tobacco became the cash crop of the colony, thanks to John Rolfe!
• 50 acres were given to each person who could pay their way to America.
• Indentured servants and slaves provided additional labor.
• The population grew to over 2000 by 1621.
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VIP’s (Very
Important People)
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JOHN SMITH• Took charge when the
colony was falling apart.
• Ordered construction of a fort and forced people to work instead of looking for gold.
• Traded with the Indians.
Said “He that will not work shall not eat.”
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JOHN ROLFE• Developed a high
grade tobacco that led to Jamestown’s success.
• Husband of Pocahontas.
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POCAHONTAS• Tradition has her saving
John Smith when she was 12 and he was 39.
• Tried to bring peace between the English and Indians.
• Contrary to the movie, she was NOT in love with Smith, did not run around singing all the time, and the animals and trees did not talk to her.
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DEMOCRACY IN THE COLONY• To provide more local
control, burgesses (representatives) would meet once a year. After what/whom might they have modeled this?
• The House of Burgesses, 1619, became the 1st representative government in America.
**British Parliament**
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IMPORTANCE OF JAMESTOWN
• With Jamestown’s success, more people came to Virginia to seek a new life, land, or fortune. More settlements arose throughout the colony. Soon, more Englishmen would come to settle other regions of North America.
• What might have happened if the British had failed at Jamestown?
**England might have given up on North America. There might not have BEEN an America!**