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MEANING OFVALUES
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Value is a dynamic term used in different aspects. While
studying the nature of values it becomes clear that
reputed scholars and learned persons have, from to time,
used the term value in a dynamic aspect.
Apart from the religion preachers and spiritualists, theeconomists, educators, humanists, philosophers,
political leaders, psychologists, social reformers,
sociologists and thinkers have reflected upon the
meaning and dimensions of the concept Value.Although their views differ widely but all of them stress
the significance of values at personal, national and
global level.
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Values are those things that reallymatter to us the ideas & beliefs we
hold as special. In other words
values is what an individual desires,
like or prefers.
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MEANING OF VALUE
In our daily life conversation, we use the word Valueso many timesas we have to express our preference, liking, desired idea or way oflife.
The term value has been derived from a Latin word Velerewhichmeans to be of worth .
Value stands for the price, quality, importance, utility of a thing oridea. It may be described as an emotional attitude (affective) whichmotivates a person directly, or indirectly to act in the most desirableway.
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MEANING OF VALUE
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEANING: Anything thatsatisfies our desire is value.
BIOLOGICAL MEANING: Characteristic of a thingor activity which help in conservation and
furtherance of our life.
ETHICAL MEANING:Those thing and activitieswhich help in making our soul perfect.
PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING: Value signifiesneither a thing nor an individual but a thoughtor a point of view. As such, everything which isuseful to an individual becomes valuable tohim.
PSYCHOLOGICAL
MEANING
BIOLOGICAL
MEANING:
ETHICAL
MEANING:
PHILOSOPHICAL
MEANING:
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VARIOUS VIEWS ABOUT VALUES
According to Milton Rokeach:
A value is an enduring beliefthat a specific mode (ways) ofconduct or end state ofexistence is personally orsocially preferable to anopposite or converse mode(way) of conduct or end state ofexistence. A value system is anenduring organization of beliefsconcerning preferable modes ofconduct along with a continuous
of relative importance.
It is observed
that value are so
deeply
embedded inhuman thoughts
and actions that
it is extremely
important tounderstand the
essence
underlying
values. In view
of this, views ofsome thinkers
are given here.
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VARIOUS VIEWS ABOUT VALUES
According to Zaleznik & David (1964)
Value as the ideas in the mind of mencomparable to norms in that they specify how
people should behave. Values also attachdegrees of goodness to activities andrelationships.
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Values are socially approved drives &
goals that are internalized through the
process of conditioning, learning or
socialization & becomes subjective
preferences, standards & aspirations
: Prof Radha Kamal Mukherjee(Eminent sociologist- Lucknow
University)
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Raths et. al. (1966) write thatPersons have experiences ; they
grow & learn. Out of experiences
may come certain general guides tobehaviour. These guides tend to give
direction to life & may be called
VALUES.
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What is a value?Qualities, characteristics, or ideas about
which we feel strongly.
Our values affect our decisions, goals andbehavior.
A belief or feeling that someone or something
is worthwhile.
Values define what is of worth, what isbeneficial, and what is harmful.
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illustration:
You have been given a check for Rs1000.00 to do
whatever you like with it. What would you do with
it? What you spend the money on has everything to
do with what you value.
Similarly:
What you choose to do with your time also haseverything to do with what you values.
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NATURE OF VALUES
Values ate the standards or guidelines for an
individuals life.
Values are influenced by an individuals
experiences, desires and specific situations.
Values are the standards or guidelines for a
nation that guide its policies.
Values steer our lifes journey.
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Values are not static.
Values are modes of organizing conduct.Values are acquired sub-consciously in many
ways.
Values possess both cognitive and effective
dimensions.Values can be structured and restructured
through processes of reflective thinking.
Values animate an individual. They move himaround in his environment as they define itsattractive and repelling sectors.
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Values energize individuals to action.
Values are organized into value systems. Thetotal number of values that constitute anindividuals value system is not very large.
The value of a thing is on account of the factthat the thing has the power to satisfy ourdesires.
Anything has a value if it relates to the purposeof an individual which he has in his life.
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Anything which has utility has value.
Values are felt sometimes partly and
sometimes wholly.
Values are helpful for survival.
Anything which is helpful in organizing society
is called value.
Values are influenced by emotions.Values are derived from several sources.
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Hypocrite One who subscribes to one set
Immaturity:
Unclear values
Uncertain
Maturity
Clear values
Clear Life purpose
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Values give
direction andconsistencyto behavior.
Valuesestablish arelationship
between youand theworld.
VALUEinfluences
GOALS,PRIORITIES &
DECISIONS
BEHAVIOUR &ACTION
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Our homes
School
Society Friends & Sibling
Mass Media
Religious Institutions
Music
Books & literature
Family
Culture & religion
Type of philosophy
Time-period (temporal) Location (spatial)
FROM WHERE DO WE GET VALUES?(SOURCES)
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Different people and things influence ourvalues at different ages:
Ages 1-7 --- parents
Ages 8-13 --- teachers, heroes (sports, rocks,
TV)
Ages 14-20 --- peers
A es 21+ our values are established but ou