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INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGESUPPER-INTERMEDIATE
NAME: Cristian A. García Ojeda
DATE: Monday, December 21st 201
DEAR STUDENT:
The aim of the following exercises is to help you with the practice of modals of
deduction/speculation !A"#N$ $UESSES% in the present and in the past&
'ou can use as a reference pages () * +, and $rammar -an. pg& ,) Student0s 1oo.%
in the study of modals of deduction&
E2ER3#SE &
4atch the following 5ideo related to the use of !6DA7S 68 DEDU3T#6N #N
9RESENT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C74fuUpjO9U
MUST : you are very sure this is true
CAN´T: you are very sure this is untrue - it isn’t possible
MIGHT/MA/C!U"#: it’s $ust a possibility but you have no stron% i&ea
E2ER3#SE :
'(IT) T'! S)NT)NC)S *!( TH) *!""!'ING +ICTU()S USING
M!#A"S !* #)#UCTI!NS IN +()S)NT,
EXAM!E:
"E CA$%& 'E A& (O)*
"E MU+& 'E ,$ &"E -M
"E MU+& 'E &",)+&
She must be chatting.
She might be drinking coffee.
She must be vegetarian.
She may be in her house.
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They must be helping.
They could be volunteers.
He might have problems.
He may be in a costume party.
They must be best friends.They could be in a lake.
He can’t like vegetables.He might be angry.
She could be a baby sitter.
She must be tired.
She must be a ballet dancer.
She must be a flexible person.
EXE)C,+E :
Read the letter and write eight deductions in the present. (might, must, can’t)
Example: The writer must be Jennifers mother
Dear !enni"er
#t $as so nice to %et yo&r 'etter yesterday. (e a'' rea''y enjoy readin% yo&r 'etters,es)ecia''y Grandma. #*m %'ad to +ear t+at eeryt+in% is %oin% $e'' and yo& are
enjoyin% t+e co&rse. # +o)e yo& are not "ee'in% +omesic- #*m s&re yo&*'' %et &sedto bein% a$ay soon. /o$ are yo& ndin% t+e "ood Dad is $orried t+at yo& are on'yeatin% +ot do%s and +amb&r%ers b&t # to'd +im t+at yo& can )robab'y %et a'' -inds o" dierent "ood t+ere.
# s&))ose it m&st be ery stran%e 'iin% in s&c+ a 'ar%e city ery dierent "rom+ome. # don*t t+in- # co&'d bear a'' t+e noise b&t yo& are yo&n% and it m&st bee3citin% "or yo&. 4o& didn*t say anyt+in% abo&t Mr and Mrs Greenba&m or t+e +o&se.Are yo& t+e on'y one stayin% t+ere Mrs Greenba&m so&nded ery nice on t+e)+one $+en # ca''ed yo& 'ast $ee-. Do te'' &s more abo&t t+em $+en yo& $ritea%ain.
/ae yo& made many ne$ "riends yet 4o& mentioned 5eter in yo&r 'etter. /eso&nds ery nice. Dad and # are bot+ 'oo-in% "or$ard to meetin% +im and Grandmais a'ready t+in-in% o" -nittin% baby c'ot+es6 # to'd +er yo& $ere a bit yo&n% "or t+at6
(e'', dar'in%, t+at*s abo&t it "or no$. 7emember, yo& can ca'' &s any time. !&streerse t+e c+ar%es i" yo& need to, b&t remember t+e time dierence6 (e*re a'''oo-in% "or$ard to seein% yo& at C+ristmas. Dad and Grandma bot+ send t+eir 'oe.
8ots o" 8oe
• !enni"er m&st be in ot+er city.
• !enni"er m&st be a ery yo&n% $oman.
• !enni"er mi%+t be not eat $e''.• !enni"er m&st 'ie in Mr and Mrs Greenba&m*s +o&se.
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• Mr and Mrs Greenba&m m&st 'oe !enni"er.
• 5eter mi%+t be !enni"er*s boy"riend.
• !enni"er mi%+t be in a dierent continent.
• !enni"er mi%+t %o to +er )arents* +o&se at C+ristmas.
E2ER3#SE ;
'ath the .olloin% vi&eo relate& to the use o. M!#A"S !* #)#UCTI!N IN
TH) +AST
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01Ou2,Cc3o
E2ER3#SE <
'(IT) T'! S)NT)NC)S *!( )ACH !* TH) *!""!'ING +ICTU()S
USING M!#A"S !* #)#UCTI!NS IN +AST,
)0AM+"):
He 1ust have on the %a1e
He 1i%ht have sore&
She must ha5e studied hard&
She may ha5e had exam&
=e must ha5e run a lot&
=e could ha5e 1een unconscious&
He must have broken the law.
He could have been a corrupt politician.
They must ha5e 1een waiting much time&
They can>t ha5e 1een comforta1le&
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=e might ha5e 1een fired&
=e must ha5e 1een worried&
They must ha5e 1ro.en up&
They must ha5e 1een sad&
She could ha5e had a accident&
She might ha5e 1een running fast&They can>t ha5e 1een a rich family&
They must ha5e 1een crossing a ri5er&
E9E7C#E ;3omplete the sentences using modals of deductions: 1i%ht have2 1ust have2 an3t
have
& =e 1ust have arri5ed 1y now& #t?s only a @ minute ourney&
& # had to wait ;< minutes for a 1us yesterday& There 1i%ht have 1een an accident
or may1e a stri.e&
,& Sarah 1ust have 1een so happy when she found out she was 1eing promoted&
4, =e an3t have .nown it was your 1irthday& 6therwiseB #?m sure he would ha5e
wished you a happy day&
<& She 1ust have studied really hard& She passed all her exams with excellent
grades&
5, 'ou an3t have shouted at him& =e?ll ne5er forgi5e you&
+& # left my 1icycle in front of the li1rary and it?s disappeared& Someone 1ust have
stolen it&
C& =e an3t have 1ought a new car& =e doesn?t ha5e any money&
)& The 1oss is in a terri1le mood& The meeting an3t have 1een good&
@& #?m sorry 1ut Samantha isn?t here& She 1ust have already left the office&
11. Andrew did not do any re5ision for the exam 1ut he?s passed& # thin. he 1i%ht
have cheated&