Download - U.S. Federal Regulations and Avian Welfare
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Jeleen Briscoe, VMD, DABVP (Avian)USDA APHIS Animal Care Program
[email protected] @JeleenVMDPhoenix Landing November 2012
Federal Regulations and Avian Welfare
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United States Department of Agriculture
Secretary of Agriculture
Marketing and Regulatory Programs
Agricultural Marketing Service Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Grain Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards Administration
Biotechnology Regulatory Services International Services
Plant Protection and Quarantine Veterinary Services
Wildlife Services Animal Care
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What Animal Care is NOT
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What Animal Care is NOT
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What Animal Care is NOT
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What Animal Care is NOT
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What Animal Care is NOT
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Animal Care Mission
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Horse Protection Act
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Emergency Response for Pets
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Animal Welfare ActFederal law
Minimum standardsCare and treatment
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Animal Welfare ActBred for Commercial Sale
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Animal Welfare ActUsed in Research
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Animal Welfare ActTransported Commercially
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Animal Welfare ActExhibited to the Public
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Not covered
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Not covered
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Not covered
Birds, rats, mice , bred for use in research
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housing ventilation
lighting interior surfaces
primary enclosures sanitation
pest control feeding and watering
outdoor shelter compatibility
record-keeping handling
transport (contingency plans)
APHIS Animal Care Inspections
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housing ventilation
lighting interior surfaces
primary enclosures sanitation
pest control feeding and watering
outdoor shelter compatibility
record-keeping handling
transport (contingency plans)
APHIS Animal Care Inspections
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housing ventilation
lighting interior surfaces
primary enclosures sanitation
pest control feeding and watering
outdoor shelter compatibility
record-keeping handling
transport (contingency plans)
APHIS Animal Care Inspections
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housing ventilation
lighting interior surfaces
primary enclosures sanitation
pest control feeding and watering
outdoor shelter compatibility
record-keeping handling
transport (contingency plans)
APHIS Animal Care Inspections
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housing ventilation
lighting interior surfaces
primary enclosures sanitation
pest control feeding and watering
outdoor shelter compatibility
record-keeping handling
transport (contingency plans)
APHIS Animal Care Inspections
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housing ventilation
lighting interior surfaces
primary enclosures sanitation
pest control feeding and watering
outdoor shelter compatibility
record-keeping handling
transport (contingency plans)
APHIS Animal Care Inspections
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housing ventilation
lighting interior surfaces
primary enclosures sanitation
pest control feeding and watering
outdoor shelter compatibility
record-keeping handling
transport (contingency plans)
APHIS Animal Care Inspections
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housing ventilation
lighting interior surfaces
primary enclosures sanitation
pest control feeding and watering
outdoor shelter compatibility
record-keeping handling
transport (contingency plans)
APHIS Animal Care Inspections
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housing ventilation
lighting interior surfaces
primary enclosures sanitation
pest control feeding and watering
outdoor shelter compatibility
record-keeping handling
transport (contingency plans)
APHIS Animal Care Inspections
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housing ventilation
lighting interior surfaces
primary enclosures sanitation
pest control feeding and watering
outdoor shelter compatibility
record-keeping handling
transport (contingency plans)
APHIS Animal Care Inspections
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housing ventilation
lighting interior surfaces
primary enclosures sanitation
pest control feeding and watering
outdoor shelter compatibility
record-keeping handling
transport (contingency plans)
APHIS Animal Care Inspections
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housing ventilation
lighting interior surfaces
primary enclosures sanitation
pest control feeding and watering
outdoor shelter compatibility
record-keeping handling
transport (contingency plans)
APHIS Animal Care Inspections
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housing ventilation
lighting interior surfaces
primary enclosures sanitation
pest control feeding and watering
outdoor shelter compatibility
record-keeping handling
transport (contingency plans)
APHIS Animal Care Inspections
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housing ventilation
lighting interior surfaces
primary enclosures sanitation
pest control feeding and watering
outdoor shelter compatibility
record-keeping handling
transport (contingency plans)
APHIS Animal Care Inspections
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AWA Enforcement Actions
Photos courtesy of Dr. Laurie Gage
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Photos courtesy of Dr. Laurie Gage
T=39 days
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How Did We Get Here?!
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Definition of AnimalPre Farm Bill 2002
Live or dead dog, cat, monkey, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or such other warm-blooded animal...but such term excludes (1) birds, rats of the genus Rattus and mice of the genus Mus bred for use in research...
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90-95% of animals used in research are rats, mice, or birds
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Slice of History
1989: Remove the exclusion Petition (ALDF & HSUS)
1999: Remove the exclusion LAWsuit (ARDF, IVI)
2000: USDA settled Suit
2000-2002: lobbying against exception (NABR)
2000: Farm Bill amendment (“Helms Amendment”)
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“Approval of this amendment will make sure that none of the important work taking place in the medical research community will be delayed, made more expensive, or be otherwise compromised by regulatory shenanigans on the part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.”
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The Farm Bill 2002 THE COMMAS
BEFORE: excludes (1) birds, rats of the genus Rattus and mice of the genus Mus bred for use in research
AFTER: excludes (1) birds, rats of the genus Rattus, and mice of the genus Mus, bred for use in research...
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Why federal regulations?
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Fringe
Scientists Academia
Interest Groups
Media
Public
Politicians
Emergence Trigger Event
Crisis/Public Positioning
Resolution
Publicity Exposure and
who is involved
Phase
Anticipatory Crisis
Best opportunity to Save Resources
The General Life Cycle of an Issue
Time
Source: Corporate Environmental Strategy, Autumn, 1997
Deborah Anderson, Procter & GambleCourtesy of Don Butler
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Fringe
Scientists Academia
Interest Groups
Media
Public
Politicians
Emergence Trigger Event
Crisis/Public Positioning
Resolution
Publicity Exposure and
who is involved
Phase
Anticipatory Crisis
Best opportunity to Save Resources
The General Life Cycle of an Issue
Time
Source: Corporate Environmental Strategy, Autumn, 1997
Deborah Anderson, Procter & GambleCourtesy of Don Butler
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How does our “System” respond?
“The dog was taken away from this little boy, and to watch his face was a singularly revealing and tragic experience. This legislation was born at that moment.”
-- Rep Tom Lantos (D-CA)
Hurricane KatrinaThe PETS Act
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Animal Welfare ActHistory
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Animal Welfare Act
Animal: “...birds, rats of the genus Rattus, mice of the genus Mus, not bred
for use in research”
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2004notice of proposed rulemaking
BirDs, Rats, Mice
Number and size of entities? Types of species?Facilities and operations?ID, diet, sanitation, housing?Transportation?Biosafety?Exemptions?
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What next?
RegulationProposed ruleComment periodFinal rule
ImplementationTrainingInspection GuidesPolicy GuidesEnforcement Program
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Regulation
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Subpart B §3.29 Feeding Guinea Pigs and Hamsters
(a) ...The food shall be free from contamination, wholesome, palatable, and of sufficient quantity and nutritive value to meet the normal daily requirements for the condition and size of the guinea pig or hamster.
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Feeding and Watering
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§3.6 Primary enclosuresDogs and Cats
(a)(2)(xi) Provide sufficient space to allow each dog and cat to turn around freely, to stand, sit, and lie in a comfortable, normal position, and to walk in a normal manner
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Engineering- vs. performance- based
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§2.131 Handling of animals
(c)(1) During public exhibition, any animal must be handled so there is minimal risk of harm to the animal and to the public, with sufficient distance and/or barriers between the animal and the general viewing public so as to assure the safety of animals and the public.
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Subpart D Nonhuman Primates §3.81 Environmental enhancement to promote psychological well-being
(b) Environmental enrichment. The physical environment in the primary enclosures must be enriched by providing means of expressing noninjurious species-typical activities. Species differences should be considered when determining the type or methods of enrichment.
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(a) Each dealer or exhibitor shall have an attending veterinarian who shall provide adequate veterinary care to its animals in compliance with this section.(1) Formal arrangement (2) Ensure veterinarian has appropriate authority
(b) Veterinary program should include:(1) Appropriate facilities and personnel(2) Appropriate methods(3) Daily observation(4) Adequate guidance to personnel(5) Adequate pre- and post-procedural care
Subpart D Attending Veterinarian and Adequate Veterinary Care
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Implementation
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How many facilities?Research Facilities
Distributors
Breeders
Exhibitors
Carriers/Transporters
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Exempt Activities
Breeders that earn less than $500 gross income annually from wholesale of regulated animals
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The Bird Challenge:
VarietyOver 9000 species from 30 taxonomical orders
American FlamingosNational Zoo
Chilean FlamingosLincoln Park Zoo
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Small Parrot Breeder“Hobby Breeder”
Large Commercial Parrot Breeding Facility
The Bird Challenge:
Range
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Sylvan Heights Waterfowl
Alex PepperbergGrey Parrot
The Bird Challenge:
number
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The Bird Challenge:
expertise
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Aviculturists
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Researchers
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Exhibitors
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Veterinarians
Feeding
Basic Care
Signs of Illness
Health Examination
Chlamydiosis
When Should I Take My Bird to a Vet?Feather Loss
Injury Prevention & Emergency Care
Behavior
Health Examination
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Animal Rights Organizations
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Who influences the development
of federal regulations?
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Minimum RequirementsScientific?Effective?Enough?
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Why should you care?
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'I take bad birds ... and I give them a life' By ANGEL McCURDY / Daily NewsPublished: Wednesday, October 17, 2012 at 14:13 PM.
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