Upcoming Deadlines
Final ExamWednesday, December 9th from 1500—1700
orWednesday, December 16th from 1215—1430
For full schedule, visit course website:ArtPhysics123.pbworks.com
For best viewing of demos, sit near the projector screen.
Final Exam
Final Exam will have of 10 short essay questions on material covered in lecture.Final exam counts for 50 points.
Sample Questions:
* What is the difference between stride and gait? How do they affect the walking speed?
* Describe how a scene would be lit using three point lighting.
Final Exam
Final exam is scheduled for:
Wednesday, December 16th
In this room from 1215—1430
You may take the final early on:
Wednesday, December 9th
In this room from 1500—1700
Extra Credit OpportunityVisit the Alexander Calder exhibition at the
San Jose Museum of Art.Exhibition runs through Dec. 13.Give me your ticket receipt for five points extra
credit.
Big Red, 1959
Hours: Tuesday – Sunday, 11am - 5pm
Admission: $5.00 for studentsLocation: 110 South Market St.,Next to Fairmont Hotel, downtown
SJ
Extra Credit Opportunity
Exhibition runs through Jan. 10.Give me your ticket receipt for
ten points extra credit.
Hours: Tuesday – Sunday, 11am - 5pm
Admission: $4.00 for studentsLocation: 655 Mission Street
San Francisco, California 94105Near Moscone Convention Center
Visit the Cartoon Art Museum in San Francisco to see “Once Upon a Dream: The Art of Sleeping Beauty.”
Extra Credit Opportunity
Give me your ticket receipt for ten points extra credit.
Hours: Wednesday-Monday: 10a.m.-6p.m
Admission: $15.00 for studentsLocation: 104 Montgomery StreetInside The Presidio of San Francisco
Visit the Walt Disney Family Museum
Extra Credit Opportunity
Give me your ticket receipt for ten points extra credit.
Hours: Tuesday-Sunday: 10a.m.-5p.m
Admission: $11.00 for studentsLocation: 3601 Lyon Street, SF
94123Next to Palace of Fine Arts complex
Visit the Exploratorium in San Francisco.
Assignments & Extra Credit
Created by Candace Downey
All Assignments and Extra Credit must be turned in by 5pm on Wednesday, December 16th
Special Campus EventAnimation Show of ShowsDecember 7th (Monday)At 7:30 PM
Morris Dailey Auditoriumin Tower HallFREE
Student Evaluation
Need a volunteer to distribute and collect student evaluations.
Volunteer should deposit the packet of completed forms in the mailbox at front door of the building (exit towards Tower Hall).
Evaluations
We’ll do this at the end of class.
Stereoscopic (3D)Images
Terminology: Steroscopic vs. 3D
The term “3D Animation” has been used for years to refer to computer animation created with programs (like Maya) that manipulate objects in 3D, though the rendered image is in 2D.
To avoid confusion, the term “Stereo 3D” is used.
Perception of DistanceVisually, we experience distance by:• Occultation (objects in front hide what’s
behind them)• Geometric Perspective (objects look smaller as
they get further away)• Atmospheric Perspective (distant objects are
hazy and bluish)• Lighting and shadows• Relative motion (as you move, nearby objects
shift more than distant objects)• Stereopsis (different view in each eye)
Occlusion
The simplest way that we perceive distance is by the fact that closer objects occlude (hide) objects behind them.
Even in this surreal painting we immediately see the boy as being closer to us than the woman because he partially blocks our view of her.
Detail from The Madonna of Port Lligat, Salvador Dali, 1950
Notice that the shadow tells us that he is hovering above her lap.
When occlusion is incorrect, we are very cognizant that something is wrong.
Distorted Occlusion
Carte Blanche, René Magritte (1965)
Manipulating Occultation
The image is disturbing but the reason isn’t immediately apparent.
Detail from Waterfall, M.C. Escher, 1961
This channel of water needs to be behind the lower part of the right tower.
This distortion is not accidental. The artist carefully designed the composition with this effect in mind.
Pre-15th Century Paintings
Mongol Ruler and consort enthroned, 14th century Road to Calvary, Martini, 1315
Occlusion but no sense of distance
Renaissance PaintingsScenes in these paintings have depth.
The Annunciation, Botticelli, 1489
Marriage of the Virgin, Raphael, 1504
Perspective
The difference is the introduction of visual perspective by Filippo Brunelleschi of Florence.
Objects in the distance look smaller as determined by geometric rules.
Florence, Italy
Geometric Perspective
We can check that the persons in the foreground and backgroundare the same height by drawing lines back to the horizon.
Horizon
SJSU Cafeteria Painting
This painting, in the University Room next to the Campus Copy Center, shows the Business Tower with the Art building on the right.
What’s wrong with it?
SJSU Cafeteria Painting
Horizon
Using geometric perspective, let’s see how tall the red-headed person must be as compared with the door of the Art building.
Pretty tall!
Distorted Perspective
Modern painters sometimes distort the perspective for dramatic effect.
Mystery and Melancholy of a Street, de Chirico, 1914
The two buildings converge to two different horizons. This feels weird and unnatural, which is what the artist intended (note the title of the painting).
Atmospheric PerspectiveObjects in the distance have a bluish, unsaturated color due to atmospheric scattering of blue light.
More effective for indicating great distances.
Relative Motion
Relative motion is a visual cue for depth that can only be used for animated images.
Objects far away move less distance in the visual plane than objects nearby.
Frame 717
Frame 718Cactus is close
Mesa is far
Mountains are very far
Parallax & Relative Motion
The blue object is farther away because it has a smaller parallax angle (at the apex of the triangle) than the red object.
))
MOTION
The closer red pillar moves further in the field of view.
Parallax & Stereopsis
Stereoscopic vision uses the same parallax effect, comparing the view as seen by the left and right eye.
))
Left Eye
Right Eye
Occlusion Revelation
Occlusion is a powerful visual cue for depth and stereoscopic vision can use it if one eye sees part of an object that the other eye cannot.
Left Eye
Right Eye
Parallax in Reflections
Stereoscopic parallax also occurs when two images are seen due to reflection.
Compare the position of Sun and top of lamp post in this photo.
Parallax in Reflections
Geometric perspective and law of reflection verify that the Sun is far behind the lamp post.
Horizon
Ground plane for base of lamppost
Anaglyph GlassesA simple way to present a separate view to each eye of the same image is to use filters of a color complement pair.
Blue/Yellow
Green/Magenta
Red/Cyan
R
Y
B G
M
C
Demo: Anaglyph GlassesLook at one pair of glasses through a single filter of another pair (or look in the mirror).
No filter
Magenta filter
Green filter
Anaglyph Images
House of Wax (1953)
Anaglyph Images
House of Wax (1953)Created from Red/Cyan image using a Hue shift in PhotoShop.
Negative Parallax
House of Wax (1953)
Foreground Image(Negative Parallax)
Background Image(Positive Parallax)
Objects can appear to come out of the screen and into the audience by use of negative parallax.
Red/Cyan Anaglyph
Red (Left)
Cyan (Right)The most common type of anaglyph glasses use red/cyan filters.
One disadvantage is that some displays (like TVs) do not have good spectral properties for the green LED, which causes cross-talk (e.g., the right image is seen by both eyes).
Green/Magenta Filters
Green (Right)
Magenta (Left)
The green/magenta combination is better for viewing stereo 3D movies on televisions.
Another option is blue/yellow, called Color Code 3D.
Stereo 3D Photos with PhotoShop
Steps for creating stereo 3D photos in PhotoShop:
1)Take a photo, move 3 inches to the right, take a second photo. Avoid having objects closer than a yard away from the camera and no moving objects!2)Open both images in PhotoShop. Hold the shift key and drag the right eye image on to left eye image.3)Rename the layers “Right Eye” and “Left Eye”; make sure the Right Eye layer is on top.4)Double click the Right Eye thumbnail to open Blending Window. In Advanced Blending uncheck the Red Channel for Red/Cyan glasses (or Green Channel for Green/Magenta glasses).
Stereo 3D Photos with PhotoShop
My mess
y office
My mess
y office
Extra Credit Opportunity
Create a stereo 3D image to receive 5 points extra credit.
You must appear in the image and there should be enough foreground and background elements so the image is noticeably stereoscopic.
Post both red/cyan and green/magenta versions of the image to your blog in an entry entitled "Stereo 3D Photo."
Instructions on how to create the image in Photoshop are also posted on course website.
Anaglyph Filming
Cameras
All stereoscopic films have to be produced using two cameras, one for each view.
Can either color the film during recording or by post-processing.In Autodesk Maya 2009, the stereo camera rig (S3D) allows users specify the interaxial and zero parallax values, and the camera shift is computed to produce the appropriate parallax.
AnaglyphProjection
Left Eye
Right Eye
+ =
Single Projector
Screen
Dual Projectors
OR
Linear Polarization
Transverse waves can be polarized.
The direction of the polarization is the direction of the amplitude of the oscillations.Polarizing filters take light with a random mix of polarizations and allow only one direction to pass.
Demo: Polarized Sunglasses
Reflected light from a horizontal surface is often polarized in the horizontal direction. For this reason your sunglasses may have filters to block horizontally polarized light.
Circular Polarization
Transverse waves can also be circularly polarized.
Linear Circular Left Right
Demo: Circular Polarized Glasses
Look at one pair of glasses through a single filter of another pair (or look in the mirror).
Circular Polarized Glasses
Un-polarizedLight
LinearPolarized
Light
CircularPolarized
Light
HorizontalPolarizer
Quarter-wave Plate
Unlike colored filters and linear polarizing filters, circular polarizing filters have a front and back side.
Can see out but not see back in.
Photographed with a mirror
Demo: Looking in Mirror
Put on stero 3D glasses, close one eye, look in mirror.
Filming for Polarized Projection
Cameras
Unlike color, the polarization of light is not recorded by film (neither regular film or digital recording).
Use two cameras to record the two views but polarization only used when projecting.
Old PolarizedProjection
Left Eye
Right Eye
Dual Projectors
Older systems used dual projectors and linear polarizing filters.
New PolarizedProjection
Left Eye
Right Eye
Digital projector is synchronized to an electronic polarizer. Interleave frames with alternating left and right circular polarizations.
Next frame seen by right eye.
Single projector
ChromaDepth
Another system for creating 3D images.
On a black background, red will appear closest, blue furthest, and the other colors will fall in-between according to their place in the rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue).
Animation Physics Website
For more info, visit:
www.AnimationPhysics.com