Ung nc ngt c ga, tng nguy c tch m ni tng20/01/2012 8:50 Theo mt nghin cu mi ca an Mch, nhng ngi ung 1 lt nc ngt c ga mi ngy s c nguy c tng lng m gan, c v xung quanh cc c quan ni tng vng bng. Cc nh nghin cu ti Bnh vin i hc Aarhus (an Mch) ngh cc i tng nghin cu mi ngy ung 1 lt mt trong s cc loi ung sau: nc, sa, nc c ga khng ng v nc ngt c ga thng thng trong vng 6 thng. Tt c 47 i tng nghin cu u tha cn hoc bo ph. S d cc nh nghin cu chn nhm i tng ny v h on trc nhng ngi tha cn hoc bo ph s nhy vi nhng thay i trong ch n hn ngi c trng lng bnh thng.

Kt thc qu trnh nghin cu, nhng ngi ung nc nc ngt c ga tng 25% cht bo quanh cc tng v khong 50% cht bo gan v c. S tch t cht bo cc tng rt nguy him bi n lm tng nguy c mc cc bnh v chuyn ha nh tiu ng, tim mch v t qu.

Ch mt lon nc gi kht khng cn ca c th tng nguy c mc bnh tim mch hoc t qu ln 1,5 ln. Ngoi ra tiu th nc gii kht c gaz cn lm hi gan ging nh nghin ru v gy tiu ng.

Trn chin ginh v tr nc gii kht hng u th gii ang bt u nng" ln. Cc thng hiu nc gii kht ln ang suy tnh nhng bc i chin lc nhm gi vng mc tng trng trong bi cnh th trng cn khng t kh khn.

Ti M, th phn ca Pepsi trong phn khc ung c gas ch chim 9,5% trong nm 2010, gim 4,1% so vi mc 13,6% m thng hiu ny tng chim lnh trong mt thp k trc . Tuy nhin, th phn ca Diet Coca-Cola vn l thng hiu nc gii kht c gas bn chy nht ti M vi 17% Pepsi vn n nh mc 5,3%. Coca-Cola vn l thng hiu bn chy nht, vi 17%. Diet Coke ng ngay pha sau vi 9,9%. i ph vi mt mt th phn, u thng ny, ngi khng l Pepsi cng b ct gim 8.700 vic lm trn ton th gii v s chi thm 500 triu USD cho qung co. Ngoi ra, Pepsi s tung ra "Pepsi Next" - sn phm ln u tin ca cng ty trong nm. Pepsi Next l th h tip theo ca nhiu loi nc ngt c hm lng calo thp ca hng ny nh G2 (Gatorade), Trop50 (Tropicana). Th nhng, nc cam v nc ung th thao vi nhiu dinh dng mi l nhng phn khc ph thng d bn cho mi i tng khch hng. Nc ngt c hm lng calo thp l mt phn khc kh khn hn rt nhiu. Nhng khch hng c nhn thc cao trong vic bo v sc khe bn thn s chn cc loi nc ung khc, dnh ring cho ngi n king, loi b hon ton thc ung ny. S liu ca Beverage Digest cho thy, doanh s bn hng trong lnh vc nc gii kht ti M - tr gi 74 t USD - ang b chia nh, khi lng sn phm gim u t nm 2005. Trong khi , cc loi nc ung tt cho sc khe ngy cng ph bin hn. Nc ung ng chai chim 11% trong tng s thc ung c tiu th ti M trong nm 2011, tng 2% so vi nm 2005. Mc tiu th cc loi nc ung th thao tng thm 2,3%, so vi 1,2% nm 2005. Nc ngt dnh cho ngi n king cng chim n 29,9% th trng ung c gas trong nm 2010. Mt thp k trc , n mi chim 24,7%. theo kp vi s thay i th hiu, Coke v Pepsi cng Th phn ca Pepsi trong phn khc ung c gas ti M ch chim 9,5% trong nm 2010 gii thiu hai phin bn mi ca nc ngt dnh cho ngi n king - Coke Zero v Pepsi Max - ha hn mang li hng v ging nh nc ngt thng thng. Tuy nhin, cc quan chc ti Coca-Cola khng h nao nng. Gary Fayard, Gim c iu hnh ca Coca-Cola, cho bit cng ty ca ng khng c k hoch thc y chi tiu qung co. Trong hai nm 2010 v 2011, Coca-Cola chi khong 17 t USD cho tip th trc tip v qung co. ng Gary khng nh: Chng ti vn n. Tuy nhin, Coca-Cola ln Pepsi cng ang phi i mt vi nhng kh khn nht nh, khi m chi ph cho cc nguyn liu nh nc tri cy, ng, cht to ngt v bao b u tng cao. Coca-Cola cho bit, chi ph cho nc tri cy v cht ngt s tng thm n 350 triu USD trong nm nay. D vy, Coca-Cola ln Pepsi u khng dm y chi ph v pha ngi tiu dng, h khng tng gi.

Do , c hai i gia ngnh nc gii kht buc phi tin hnh nhiu bin php khc nh ct gim chi ph, mua li c phn, tng c tc v u t vo tip th pht trin v vc dy gi c phiu.

Nc gii kht c gaz n cha nhiu nguy c i vi sc khe. nh minh ha. Cc nh nghin cu Trng H Maimi (M) cho rng mt vi lon limonade hoc Coca-cola m trc y coi nh cht gii kht khng c hi cho sc khe, thc ra li nh hng nghim trng n sc khe ca con ngi. Nhng ngi hng ngy ung Coca-cola hoc limonade th 43% b mc nhng bnh tim mch cc dng khc nhau. Tin s Hanna Gardener cho bit: "Cc kt qu nghin cu ca chng ti cho thy c mt lin h tim nng gia vic dng cc nc ung khng cha cn v bnh tim mch. Tuy nhin, ng cng tha nhn: C ch v sao loi nc ung ny nh hng tim mch th cha tht r rng. Ngoi ra, theo bo Daily Mail, cc nc ung tng t cng cha nhng cht lm ngt nhn to, nh asparrtam, gy ung th v hi gan. Cn lu , gn y cc nh tm l hc M cng tng a ra kin l nu dng cc nc gii kht khng cn c gaz lm nhng ngi trng thnh khng kim ch c mnh v hay gy g vi ngi xung quanh. Dng nh t l ngi khng h ung nc gii kht c gaz hoc ung 1 lon/tun ch chim 23% s dn, cn s ngi ung t 14 lon tr ln mi tun ln ti 43%. T l ngi c khuynh hng bo lc la tui thanh thiu nin khng thch nc gii kht c gaz l 15% v ngi ln thng xuyn ung nc gii kht c gaz l 27%. Nhng ngi nghin nc c gaz th hin tnh hung hng nhiu hn nhng ngi ung nc khng c gaz ti 15 ln. Mt kt lun t mt cng trnh nghin cu khc rt ng lu l, a s nhng ngi ung t 5 lon nc c gaz tr ln mi tun thng ng thi cng l ngi hay ung ru, mt s cn ht thuc.

Hai tp on Coca-Cola Co. v PepsiCo Inc. ang thay i cng thc nc gii kht trnh phi dn cnh bo ung th ln chai v lon theo lut ca bang California (M). T nay, cng thc phm mu caramel mi cha t cht 4-methylimidazone hn trc. y l cht m chnh quyn California va a vo danh mc nhng cht gy ung th ca bang ny. Theo AP, 2 tp on yu cu cc nh cung cp caramel iu chnh quy trnh sn xut gim hm lng 4-methylimidazone.

Coca-Cola v Pepsi chim gn 90% th trng nc gii kht c ga - nh: Bloomberg Lu nay, ha cht ny c lin quan n ung th chut v mo nhng khng c bng chng cho thy n e da sc khe con ngi. C quan Thc phm v Dc phm M th cho rng mt ngi phi ung n 1.000 lon Coca hoc Pepsi mi hp thu ng liu lng 4methylimidazone c s dng trong cc cuc th nghim y hc.

CHNG I: TNG QUANBO HA CO2TRONG NC GII KHT Nc gii kht pha ch khng cn c sn xut bng cch phi trn syrup vi acid hu c, cht mu, hng liu, cht c ch vi sinh vt v mt s ph gia khc. Sn phm c th c bo ha CO2 hoc khng. Da vo s bo ha CO2 c trong sn phm, ngi ta chia nc gii kht thnh hai nhm: sn phm c CO2 v sn phm khng c CO2. Trn th trng th gii, nhm sn phm c cha CO2 ph bin hn v c sn xut vi s lng rt ln. Cn nhm sn phm khng c cha CO2 ch c tiu th vi mt th phn rt nh. Cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht pha ch khng c cha CO2 cng tng t nh cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht pha ch c CO2 nhng n gin hn nhiu. im khc bit ch yu trong quy trnh sn xut nc gii kht c gas l c qu trnh bo ha CO2. Nh th, qu trnh bo ha CO2 l nh th no? cng

nh quy trnh v thit b bo ha CO2 trong nc gii kht ra sao? V th, sau y l phn tm hiu chi tit p ng nhng thc mc ca cc cu hi trn. 1.1 KH CARBONIC (CO2): Hnh nh minh ha kh CO2 1.1.1 Ngun gc CO2: Trong nc gii kht c gas, CO2 l yu t to nn s c trng ca sn phm, khng ch nh hng n gi tr cm quan m cn gp phn lm tng bn sinh hc ca chng. Nh chng ta u bit, trong thin nhin CO2 c to ra t s h hp ca ng, thc vt cng nh ca con ngi. CO2 cng c to thnh t phn ng chy, nung vi sng, phn ng ln men, hoc t cc ging c cha kh CO2. Th nhng, trong cc nh my sn xut nc gii kht th CO2 thng c dng t hai ngun: CO2 t cc phn ng ln men ca cc nh my sn xut cn, bia. CO2 c sn xut do t chy du DO vi cht trung gian l (MEA) monoethanol amine. 1.1.1.1 Thu nhn CO2 t qu trnh ln men bia v ru: Cc nh my sn xut bia v ru thng c phn xng sn xut CO2. Trong cng nghip bia v ru, CO2 l mt ph phm ca qu trnh ln men ethanol t ng

c thmBi tiu lun cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht chuyn : bo ha CO2

Lch s ca nc gii kht c th bt ngun t loi nc khong c tm thy trong cc dng sui t nhin. T lu, vic ngm mnh trong sui nc khong c xem l tt cho sc khe, qua , cc nh khoa hc cng nhanh chng pht hin ra carbon dioxide (CO2) c trong bt nc khong thin nhin.

Quy gii kht ca M nm u thp k 90.

Loi nc gii kht khng ga (khng CO2) u tin xut hin vo th k 17 vi thnh phn pha ch gm nc lc, chanh v mt cht mt ong. Nm 1676, Cng ty Compagnie de Limonadiers ti Paris (Php) c quyn bn cc loi nc chanh gii kht. Hi , ngi bn mang cc thng ng nc chanh trn lng v i bn dc ng ph Paris. n nm 1767, tin s Joseph Priestley - mt nh ha hc ngi Anh - pha ch thnh cng loi nc gii kht c ga. Ba nm sau, nh ha hc Thy in Torbern Bergman pht minh loi my c th ch to nc c ga t vi bng cch s dng acid sulfuric. My ca Bergman cho php sn xut loi nc khong nhn to vi s lng ln. Nm 1810, bng sng ch M u tin cho cc loi my sn xut nc khong nhn to c trao cho Simons v Rundell Charleston thuc Nam Carolina (M). Tuy nhin, mi n nm 1832 loi nc khong c ga mi tr nn ph bin nh s ra i hng lot ca loi my sn xut nc c ga trn th trng. Theo cc chuyn gia y t, thc ung bng nc khong t nhin hay nhn to u tt cho sc khe. Cc dc s M bt u bo ch thm mt s loi dc tho vi hng v khc nhau cho vo thc ung ny. Xa xa, ti cc tim thuc M u c quy bn nc gii kht v y l nt c trng trong vn ha ca M. Do khch hng thch em thc ung v nh nn ngnh cng nghip sn xut nc ng chai cng pht trin theo p ng nhu cu ca h. Khong 1.500 bng sng ch M c cp cho cc nh pht minh ra loi nt hay np ng chai nc c ga. Tuy nhin cc loi nt chai trn khng my hiu qu v ga b nn trong chai vn c th thot ra ngoi. Mi n nm 1892, William Painter - ng ch ca hng bn my mc ti Baltimore (M) - nhn bng sng ch ra loi np chai ngn chn bt ga hu hiu nht c tn gi "Crown Cork Bottle Seal". Khong u nhng nm 1920, my bn nc gii kht t ng bt u xut hin trn th trng M. Nm 1923, nhng lc nc ngt gm 6 hp carton c gi l Hom Paks u tin ra i. T y, nc gii kht tr thnh mt phn thit yu trong cuc sng ngi dn M. S d John Mathews c danh hiu trn do ng l ngi tin phong trong lnh vc kinh doanh nc gii kht M. ng nhp c vo M t nm 1832, trc ng l ngi i u trong ngnh kinh doanh nc gii kht ti Anh. Mathews hc mt s nguyn l c bn v pha ch kh cacbonic v my to ga t Joseph Bramah (nh pht minh my nn thy lc t th k th 18). Mathews nh c hn ti M v bt u cung cp nc gii kht c ga cho cc c s gii kht khu vc New York - thi gian ny thng ph bin loi thc ung p lnh nhng khng c hng v. Nh tay ngh cao ca Mathews, ngnh cng nghip nc gii kht M pht trin nhanh chng. Nhng thp nin sau - k t 1852, vi vic nc gng c tung ra th trng, cc sn phm c thng hiu xut hin v c cp quyn kinh doanh. Bt u t nhng nm 1880, th trng nc gii kht trn ngp cc loi nc ung c nhn hiu nh by gi.

c Ngt C Gas - BS Nguyn c , Kiu bo M

Trong cc loi nc ung, nc c gas ang c dn chng a thch, nht l cc bc nhi ng, thanh thiu nin. L do l nc c v ngn ngt, hi ng ng c tnh cch kch thch, li ng nh mu m, si tm vui mt. Sau khi n vi ming khoai chin mn mui, na ci ham b g ngy m, m chiu vo na cc coca mt lnh nc cc l thy tnh hn con ngi. V lin tc ung mi di di n ni m hng nm, trn th gii c c nhiu trm t lt nc c gas c tiu th. S a thch ny mt phn bt ngun t tin tng xa kia l tm sui nc khong thin nhin c th cha c bnh tt. T chuyn tm ra bng nc khong, ngi ta chuyn sang vic ung nc khong, cho khe mnh tm thn. Ri k ngh sn xut nc c hi c thnh hnh p ng nhu cu dn chng sng xa ngun nc sui. Ban u, ngi ta ch mi sn xut cc loi nc khng c ru, gi l soft drink, i u vi hard liquor, ru mnh. Nc lm vi tri cy, hoa l p nh, thm cht mt ong, gia v thin nhin v khng c gas. Phi i ti thp nin 1770, mt khoa hc gia ngi Anh l Joseph Priestly mi tm cch thm kh carbon dioxid vo nc tinh khit, lm cho nc ung c bt, si tm. Th l t nc c gas xut hin v hin nay, trn th gii c c nhiu trm loi nc c gas khc nhau phc v gii tiu th. Hai cng ty ln nht hin nay ti Hoa K l Coca-Cola v Pepsi-Cola u do hai v dc s hai tiu bang khc nhau ln lt thnh lp vi b quyt gia v ha hc ring. Ni chung, cng thc ca nc ngt c gas gm c: nc sch, ng (table sugar) hoc ng fructose ly t mt bp thay th cho ng tinh ch; caffein; ng ha hc aspartame; kh carbonat dioxid; cc acid phosphoric, citric, hng gia v; ng caramel; vitamin C, nc trit ca ht cola v l coca cng thm mt gia v b mt ca mi loi nc ung. D c ph bin, nhng nc ung c gas cng c nhiu iu cn c lu khi dng. Cc nh nghin cu, gii tiu th v chuyn vin chm sc sc khe nu ra mt s im khng n do cc thnh phn ca nc ngt c gas c th gy ra.

1- ng : T nguyn thy, ng sucrose c dng nh cht lm ngt cho nc c gas. Sucrose c t nhin trong tri cy, ma, c ci . Ngy nay, sucrose c thay th bng ng fructose t mt ng, ngt hn nn t tn km. ng ha hc aspartame t nng lng cng c dng kh nhiu trong nc ung ca ngi tit ch m thc (diet ). ng khng c sinh t, khong cht hoc cht m m ch cho nhiu calories. Tiu th nhiu cht ngt m khng n ung y cht dinh dng, c th l ri ro a ti h rng, suy dinh dng, ri lon chuyn ha, bnh tim bnh mp ph, c bit l tr em.. Trong 30 nm va qua, s ngi ln b mp Hoa K tng gp i m tr em li tng gp ba. T nm 1942, y ban Dinh dng ca Hi Y Hc Hoa K ( AMA ) a ra li bo ng nh sau: V phng din sc khe, nn gii hn vic dng cc loi ng ny trong nc ung v ko bnh v c rt t gi tr dinh dng. Nm 1998, Trung Tm Khoa HcV ch Li Chung ( Center for Sciences in the Public Interest - CSPI ), ln ting trch c cc nh sn xut nc ung gia tng qung co c tnh cch trc li cc sn phm, c bit nhm vo thiu nin, tr em. Trung tm gi soft drink ca h l Ko Nc Liquid Candy .CSPI l t chc lun lun vn ng chnh quyn gii hn cc thc phm c hi cho sc khe. Kt qu nghin cu ca i hc Harvard v Bnh Vin Nhi Boston nm 2001 cho hay tiu th qu nhiu nc ngt s khin cho tr em khng n ba chnh, khng ung sa v a ti mt cn bng nng lng, mp ph. Theo nghin cu, dng thm mt lon nc ngt th ri ro mp ca tr em tng 60%. Tp san y hc British Medical Journal s 31 January 2008 c cng b kt qu nghin cu ca gio s Hyon K Choi, thuc Trung Tm Nghin Cu Vim Xng nh sau: Tiu th nhiu soft drink c cht ngt v ng fructose tng nguy c bnh thng phong nam gii ti Bc M. Hn na, nhiu ng fructose trong tri cy v nc tri cy cng tng ri ro ny. Ung nc ngt khng c ng fructose khng lin h g ti ri ro bnh gout. Kt qu ny cha c mi ngi ng v cn xc nh thm. Lut l hin hnh bt buc cc nh sn xut phi ghi r nc ung c ng hoc cht ngt trn bao b, ngi tiu th d dng la chn. 2- Acit phosphoric v cc khong phosphate

Acit phosphoric, acetic, fumaric, gluconic c dng trong mt s nc ung c gas va c tc dng bo qun cng nh to ra cm gic, hng v c bit khi ung. Tng t nh hng v umamica bt ngt. Acit ny kh mnh, cho nn khi ung vo s gy ra cn co, tn thng nim mc d dy. Ta thy cc bc th my xe hi mt cht nc ung coca-cola ra cc bnh in th thy acid ny mnh nh th no. Ngoi ra, c nghin cu cho hay, acit phosphoric c th lm mn men rng. L do l nc ming c kim vi pH 7.4. Khi nhm nhi nc c gas lun ming, nc ming tr thnh acit. phc hi kim, c th s rt calci t men rng, do rng d tr nn si mn, h hao. Bc s Clive Mckay, Naval Research Institute, th nghim ngm mt chic rng ngi vo nc ung cola. Hai ngy sau, rng tr nn mm v tiu mn. Theo ng, l do tc dng ca acid phosphoric. Hai tc gi Michael Murray v Joseph Pizzorno c ghi li trong The Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine l tng tiu th soft drink l yu t quan trng a ti long xng. H gii thch l nc ngt a ti tnh trng gim calci v tng phosphor trong mu, do calci s b rt ra t xng ti to t l bnh thng ca hai khong ny. Sau nghin cu, cc khoa hc gia G.R Fernando , R.M Martha thuc Mexican Society Security Institute, kt lun: Ung soft drink c acit phosphoric nn c coi nh mt ri ro c lp a ti thiu calci trong mu ph n trong thi k mn kinh. i xa hn, bc s Barnet Meltzer, tc gi sch Food Swing, c kin: V c lng phosphor v acit phosphoric cao, soft drink thm vo cht lng c th, si mn d dy, o ngc s cn bng acit/ kim ca hai tri thn v t t n mn l gan ca ngi tiu th. Ngoi ra, acit ny cng v hiu ha acit hydrochloric trong d dy, a ti dy hi v kh tiu ha. 3- Caffein Hu nh soft drink no cng c mt lng caffein to hng v thm thm, kch thch v cm gic thiu mt ci g, nu khng dng, v caffein cng hi gy nghin. Mt lon 12-ounce coca c t 35-38mg, lon Pepsi c 56mg caffein trong khi Sprite, 7-up khng c. Caffein l cht c t nhin trong nhiu thc vt khc nhau nh c ph, l tr, ht cola.

Caffein c tc dng hng phn ln h thn kinh trung ng v ty theo s lng, c th gy ra mt ng, bn chn, hong ht, lo s, ri lon nhp tim, i tiu nhiu, tng thi calcium qua nc tiu, tng nguy c long xng. Theo Trung Tm Khoa Hc v ch Li Chung, caffein tng ri ro sy thai v c ch s tng trng ca thai nhi. Do ph n ang mang thai hoc d nh c con nn trnh tiu th. Caffein cng c th to kh khn hn cho s th thai. Ghin m thiu caffeine s b nhc u, mt mi, hi bun chn, au nhc c bp, bun nn, huyt p hi ln cao. Mi ngy ung mt/ hai ly c ph th khng sao, nhng nu ung nhiu hn th ri ro long xng gia tng. Nn lu l trong cc loi nc gi l tng cng sinh lc- energy drinks, s lng caffein rt cao. 4- Cola Trong k ngh nc ung, cola c vai tr quan trng. Ban u, cola l hn hp cht trit ca l coca v ht cola ha vi ng. Ngy nay ch ht cola cn c dng ( v vn l b mt ca nc Coca-Cola ). Hot cht chnh ca ht cola l caffeine v theobromine, c tc dng kch thch sn xut dch v d dy, gip tiu ha d dng. 5- Sodium benzoate T hn th k nay, sodium benzoate c dng nh cht bo qun, tiu dit vi khun, mc meo, nm c hi trong nc ung, tht ngui. Mui ny cng c t nhiu trong mt s thc ng vt v tng i an ton ngoi tr mt s ngi mn cm c th ni m ay, ln cn hen suyn hoc thay i hnh vi tr em c hi chng qu nng ng, km ch . Tuy nhin mt s nh nghin cu quan tm ti s vic l, di tc dng ca acit ascorbic ( vitamin C ) trong nc ung c gas, sodium benzoate cho benzene, mt cht c coi nh c kh nng gy ung th mu v vi ung th khc. May mn l lng benzene trong nc ung mc chp nhn c, theo C quan FDA Hoa K. T chc bo v ngi tiu th Consumers Union a ra ngh l mc d benzene trong soft drink mc khng nguy hi nhng vn l cht c th gy ung th. Cho nn, gii tiu th nn lu ti nhn hiu trn bnh nc. Nu nhn ghi c mui benzoate v vitamin C th khng nn mua. Nu cht mua, th nn ct ni mt, khng c nh nng mt tri gim thiu s thnh hnh ca benzene.

Ngoi ra, mt mi u t na ca cc nh nghin cu v nc ung c gas l s gia tng ri ro Hi Chng Chuyn Ha ngi tiu th qu nhiu, m th phm l cht ngt. Hi chng ny l tp hp cc nguy c gy ra bnh tim mch v tiu ng, gm c vng lng qu to, huyt p cao, tng triglycerides, gim cholesterol HDL v ng huyt khi i ln cao. Kt qu nghin cu ti i hc Y Harvard ph bin trong tp san ca Hi Tim Hoa K ngy 31 thng 7 nm 2007 cho hay: so snh vi ngi ung 1 lon soft drink mi ngy th ngi ung trn mt lon s: - Tng ri ro mp ph ln 31% ; - Tng ri ro to vng bng ti 30% ; - Tng ri ro cao triglycerides v ng huyt khi i ti 25%. - Tng ri ro c lng HDL thp ti 32%. Gio s bc s Ravi Dhingra, ngi ng u cuc nghin cu ny a ra li nhn nh: iu , va phi trong mi lnh vc l cha kha ca s sng. Trong c vic ung soft drink c gas, nhiu cht ngt. V, theo Michael Jacobson, Gim c CSPI, loi nc ny l mt thc phm tp nham ton ho (quintessential junk food), ch c calories m khng c cht dinh dng. ng ta v n nh tri bom chm n trong ch n ung. C quan ny ang vn ng i cc nh sn xut ghi li cnh bo Mp Ph trn chai nc ngt c gas, tng t nh trn bao thuc l vi hng ch ri ro Ung Th Phi cho ngi ghin ht nhng iu thuc ta ra khi huyn bay ln cy (a), thuc l.Nu ang i ngoi nng hoc lm vic trong iu kin nng nng m c mt ly nc, k c nc ngt c gas lnh hay thm ung vo, s thy tht kht hn l mt ly nc lnh thng thng. L do, ngoi phn nc v lnh ca , v ngt ca nc ng lm du v gic, c bit l nhng bt kh carbonic (CO2) ln tn trong nc c gas tc ng vo gai li v vm hng em li cho ngi ung mt cm gic t t, lnh lnh tht , tht sng khoi, tng chng nh lm du ngay cn kht. Thm vo , cht ng v cafein c trong nhiu loi nc ngt cn l mt cht kch thch gy thm cm gic sng khoi. Cn g bng!

Th nhng sau mt lc, cn kht li dy ln v nng ng cao lm ta kht nc thm. V ta mun ung tip!

C th, ngi ta c ung, v cc hng nc ngt c qung co v pht trin khng ngng!...

Vn t ra l: Gii kht bng nc ngt v chai, ng lon c gas: li hay hi cho sc khe? Ngy nay, nu tm trong Google search t Soft drink, bn s thy v vn tc hi.

Soft drink (ting M, cn gi l soda, pop, soda pop, hay carbonated beverage), nh Coca Cola (Coke), Pepsi, Sprite, 7 Up, X x, Tr Dr Thanh, Tr xanh 0 , Chng dng, Tribeco l thc ung ngt, cha nc c carbonat ha, cht lm ngt v cht cho mi v

Cht lm ngt c th l ng, xi r bp giu fructose (high fructose corn sirup) lm t bp ng ha, hoc mt cht thay th ng (dng cho ngi c ng). Ngoi ra cn c cafein v hng liu ha hc, hoc nc p tri cy, chit xut tho mc..

Tc ng trn sc khe:

Ung nc ngt c gas cha ng c lin h n bnh bo ph, tiu ng type 2, su rng, v suy dinh dng. Nhiu loi nc gii kht cha cc thnh phn ng quan ngi: cafein dng nhiu s gy kch thch v mt ng. Tc ng trn sc khe ca xi r bp l v fructose t bp v cht lm ngt nhn to (ng ha hc) cn nhiu bn ci Sodium benzoat c kho cu cho thy c th l nguyn nhn gy tn hi DNA (phn t chnh mang m di truyn) v tng tnh hiu ng Cc cht c nh hng bt li khc cho sc khe, trong c benzen (mt cht c nguy c gy ung th).

Nm 1998, Trung tm khoa hc v li ch cng ng M cng b mt bo co t vn : Nc ngt c gas ang gy hi cho sc khe ngi M. Bo co xem xt cc thng k lin h n vic tng vt mc tiu th nc ngt c gas, c bit l tr em, v hu qu l gia tng cc vn v sc khe nh: su rng, suy dinh dng, bo ph, tiu ng type 2 (trc y ch xy ra ngi ln) v bnh tim mch. C quan ny cng xem xt li vic qung co nc ngt v a ra nhiu khuyn co nhm gim vic tiu th nc ngt c gas.

Bo ph v nhng bnh c lin h n tng cn:

T nm 1977 n 2001, mc tiu th nc ngt c gas ca ngi M tng gp i, mt ci gia tng song song vi vic tng gp i s ngi mc bnh bo ph. Vic tiu th nc ngt c gas lin h n th trng v bo ph, ng thi lm thay i nhng con s nguy c v tng th trng. Mt kho cu trn 548 hc sinh trong vng 19 thng cho thy vic tiu th nc ngt c gas c lin quan n s thay i ch s thn khi (BMI). Mi chai (hoc lon) nc ngt tr ung thm hng ngy i km vi s gia tng BMI ln 0,24 kg/m2. Cng vy, mt kho cu trong vng 8 nm trn 50.000 n iu dng so snh s tng trng gia nhng ngi t khng ung nc ngt n ung hn 1 lon/ngy, vi nhng ngi tng ung hn 1 lon/ngy nay hu nh khng ung nc ngt na, th thy nhng ph n ung thm nc ngt tng trung bnh thm 8 kg trong thi gian theo di, so vi nhng ph n gim ung nc ngt ch tng trung bnh 2,8 kg. Ngi ung cng nhiu nc ngt c gas th cng tng cn nhiu. S d ung nc ngt c gas b nh th l v cht ngt t ng bp (corn sirup) m nc ngt ngy nay phn ln cha ng fructose m trong c th khng cn c insulin n cng bin thnh m tha nn gy mp!

Ung nc ngt c gas cng lin h vi nhiu bnh thng gp ngi tha cn, bao gm hi chng chuyn ha m biu hin l tha cn, tiu ng, huyt p cao, nguy c tim mch v cui cng l rt ngn tui th!

Su rng:

Hu ht nc ngt c cha mt lng ln ng n: glucose, fructose, saccarose... Vi khun trong ming lm ln men cc loi ng bt v to ra acid, lm hy hoi lp men rng. Nhiu loi nc gii kht c gas u c tnh acid, mt s loi c pH = 3, hay thp hn, nn s n mn men rng.

Do , ung nc ngt c gas thng xuyn cng tng nguy c b su rng.

Gim kali/huyt:

c nhng bo co v mt s trng hp gim kali/huyt nghim trng lin quan n ung qu nhiu nc ngt c gas.

Gim t trng xng (long xng):

C nghin cu cho rng c mi lin quan tri chiu gia tiu th nc gii kht c gas v t trng xng cc c gi tr, khin h c nguy c cao s b long xng, gy xng trong tng lai. Mt gi thuyt c a ra gii thch: l do cht acid phosphoric cha trong mt s nc c gas (nh Coca Cola) s lm chuyn calci ra khi xng, do lm gim t trng xng, lm cho b xng yu i (long xng). Trong nhng thp k 1950 - 1960, ti Php v Nht c nh cm bn Coca Cola v nguy c cht phosphat trong loi nc gii kht ny c th ngn cn s hp thu calci. Nhng nh ny khng t kt qu v ngi ta chng minh lng phosphat qu t c th gy tc ng c ngha.

Gi tr dinh dng:

Tr nhng loi nc c tng cng thm cht dinh dng, nc ngt c gas hu nh khng cha vitamin, cht khong, cht x, cht m v nhng cht dinh dng thit yu khc. Nc gii kht c gas cng thay th s la chn cc loi nc gii kht tt cho sc khe khc nh nc, sa, nc p rau qu nn lm tng nguy c thiu dinh dng cho ngi dn

Cht ng:

Lng ng cha trong nhiu loi nc ngt thng cao hn lng ng c khuyn dng hng ngy (theo khuyn co ca B nng nghip Hoa K, khng dng qu 10 mung c ph ng cho mt khu phn 2.000 calo/ngy).

Cho n nm 1985, lng calo trong nc ngt l do ng ma hay xi r lm t bt bp. T nm 2010, M v cc nc khc, hu nh dng hon ton xi r bp c t l fructose cao (high fructose corn sirup), v n r tin so vi cc loi ng khc. Loi ng bp cha fructose cao ny b ch trch l c nhiu tc ng xu n sc khe nh l gy bnh tiu ng, tng ng, tng huyt p v nhiu vn khc na. ng fructose b hp thu v chuyn ha nhanh hn ng glucose do men fructokinase khng b tit ch bi s chuyn ha hoc hormon, a n s to ra cc acid bo v triglycerid gan vi

tc qu nhanh, lm tng s tch t m trong c th v c th gy chng gan nhim m khng do ru.

S gia tng lipid trong mu hnh nh cng do s dng thng xuyn fructose.

Phn ng ca cc c quan chc nng:

Trc nhng him ha i vi sc khe ngi dn m cc loi nc ngt c gas c th gy ra, chnh quyn mt s nc tng ra nhiu bin php hn ch:

M, nhiu bang cm t cc my bn nc ngt gn trng hc v cho rng nc ngt s gp phn gy bo ph tr v su rng, nhng cng c nhiu kin chng li, c bit l do nhng khon ti chnh hu h m cc nh sn xut nc gii kht thng ti tr cho cc trng hc.

Ngy 3/5/2006, Hip hi nc gii kht Hoa K cng cc hng sn xut, trong c Coca Cola, Pepsi, Schweppes ra tuyn b t nguyn rt cc loi nc ngt c nng lng cao khi cc trng hc. K n, ngy 25/5/2006, b trng gio dc Anh cng tuyn b: t thng 9/2006, khng dng nc ngt c gas trong ba n tra trng hc v cng khng cho bn cc thc phm khng c gi tr dinh dng (trong c nc gii kht c gas) ti cc my bn nc ngt hay quy gii kht trong trng hc.

Cc nh lm lut cng nh cc chuyn gia y t v bo v ngi tiu dng cn xut phi tng thu nh trn cc loi nc gii kht c ng nhm lm gim tiu th nc ngt, gim t nn bo ph v cc tc hi v sc khe khc, nhng vn cha c kt qu v cc hng nc gii kht c v th quan trng th Washington v t nm 2000, h ng gp cho cc nh lp php hn 50 triu la! Nm 2003, Trung tm khoa hc v mi trng, mt t chc phi li nhun ti n cng b mt bo co pht hin nng thuc tr su trong nc gii kht Coca Cola v Pepsi bn n cao gp 30 ln nng an ton cho php chu u, nhng B y t n th cho rng th nghim ca trung tm kia khng chnh xc, v th nghim ca b cho thy nng thuc tr su ch cao hn mc tiu chun ca chu u, nhng cn trong gii hn tiu chun ca n (!)

Benzen:

Nm 2006, C quan tiu chun thc phm Anh Quc cng b nhng kt qu kho cu v nng benzen trong 150 sn phm nc gii kht c gas cho thy 4 mu cha nng benzen cao hn mc hng dn ca T chc y t th gii v nc ung, nn yu cu rt cc sn phm ny ra khi th trng.

Ti M, FDA cng b nhng kt qu xt nghim nhiu loi nc gii kht c cha benzoat v acid erythorbic. Nm mu cha nng benzen cao hn tiu chun ca C quan bo v mi trng M ra l 5 ppb. Sau , mt nhm hot ng bo v mi trng pht hin nhng kt qu sau y trong cc xt nghim ca FDA: trong 24 mu nc gii kht c gas khng ng xt nghim c cha benzen, t 1995 - 2001, th 19 mu (79%) cha n 19 ppb benzen, cao gp 4 ln tiu chun cho php. Mt mu cha n 55 ppb, tc l cao gp 11 ln tiu chun cho php. Vy m, nm 2006, FDA pht biu rng h tin l nng benzen tm thy trong cc loi nc gii kht cho n nay khng to ra mi quan ngi no cho ngi tiu dng(?!).

HONG Y - DS. DIU PHNG