Download - UNIT 1: THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE
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UniverseUniverse
Stars: they release light and heat
Planets: they don´t release light and heat
They orbit the starsSatellites: they don´t release light and heat
They orbit the planets
Asteroids: solid rocks.
they orbit the stars
Comets: balls of cosmic dust and ice
Meteors: small objects (rock and ice)
Nebulae: clouds of dust and gases
Space: dust and gases
Black holes: regions where gravity prevents anything from scaping
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Nebulae
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The solar system
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It´s …
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What can you see?
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Conditions for life:a) temperature
b) water
c) atmosphere
The Earth
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Parallels MeridiansImaginary lines thatrun East to West.
Imaginary lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole.
2.- Latitude and longitude
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Latitude LongitudeThe distance between a point on the Earth´s surface and the Equator.
The distance between a point on the Earth´s surface and the Prime Meridian.
2.- Latitude and longitude: the geographic coordinates
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An imaginary grid
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Longitude
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WhatCities can weFind followingThe next coordinates?
0
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Earth´s rotation
The Earth rotates once on its axis every 24 hours
Consequences
Day and night
The Sun´s apparent movement
The Earth is moving…
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Axial tilt
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Axial tilt
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Day and night
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Time zones
– 24 hours: rotation 360º– 24 time zones
– 360 º planet Earth : each time zone 15º = 24 hours
– 1 hour each time zone 24 hours: 24 zones
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Revolution• How long? 365 5 h. 48´ 45
´´
•Consequences
Seasons
Length of the day and night
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Summer in the Northern hemisphereWinter in the Southern hemisphere
• Summer solstice (june)
• The part illuminated in the North is bigger: longer days.• The North Pole is always illuminated.•Shorter days in the Southern hemisphere
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Summer in the southern hemispherewinter in the Northern hemisphere
•The part illuminated in the South is bigger: longer days. •The South Pole is always illuminated.•The Norht Pole is in darkness: Northern hemisphere winter.
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Midnight sun in Norway(60 degrees North)
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Night in the winter: Norway
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Spring in the Northern hemisphere(Equinox in march)
• Neither of the Poles are bending towards the sun.
• Both hemispheres are equally illuminated.
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Autumn in the Northern hemisphere(equinox in september)
•Neither of the Poles are bending towards the sun.•Both hemispheres are equally illuminated.
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Summer solstice in the Northern hemisphere
• The sunrays are vertical in the tropic of Cancer
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Winter solstice in the Northern hemisphere
• The sunrays are vertical in the tropic of Capricorn
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Equinoxes
• The sunrays are vertical at the Equator
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CLIMATE ZONESTropics Temperate zones Polar regions
High temperaturesthroughout the year
Different number of daylight hours
Low temperatures throughout the year
Little differences between seasons
Four seasons Summer and winter Low temperatures
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CLIMATE ZONES
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•What is cartography?
The study of maps•Three characteristics of maps
They are simple, reduced and use colours and symbols
•Are map projections accurate?
No, they are distorted representations of the Earth.
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A.- Cylindrical projection: MERCATOR
MAP PROJECTIONS
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B.- Projection onto a plane
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C.- A conical projection
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Scale• Graphic scale: line divided into equal parts.
• Numerical scale: relationship between a unit of distance on a map (1cm) and the real distance (100.000 cm.= 1000 m.)
– Large: 1: 5000-1:50000 (1cm.-50m.---1cm.-500 m.)– Intermediate:1: 50 000- 1: 100.000 (500 m - 1km.)– Small: 1: 100 000… (1km…)
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TopographicMap:Relief, towns andRoads also.
KINDS OF MAPS
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Thematic:Population,Climate,Whatever…
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Virtual map
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Aerial photography