Download - Understanding Mental Illness Canadian Mental Health Association Windsor-Essex County Branch
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Understanding Mental Illness
Canadian Mental Health Association Windsor-Essex County Branch
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Our Mission:To enhance and promote the mental health of
all persons and support the resilience and recovery of people experiencing mental illness
in our community through education, prevention, advocacy and services.
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Organizational Overview
• Resource Centre & Prevention Services• Community Relations & Fund Development• Work Place Health• Case Management• Housing & Employment Services• On-site clinic
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Mental Health
A state of emotional and psychological well-being that affects our ability to meet the demands of life.
Mental health is far more than the absence of mental illness.
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Mental Illness/Disorder
• Diagnostic criteria includes symptoms in areas such as mood, thinking behaviour, as well as impairment in functioning and/or significant distress.
• Approximately 20% of individuals will experience a mental illness during their lifetime.
• The economic cost of mental illness in Canada was estimated to be at least 7.331 billion dollars in 1993
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Types of Affective/Mood Disorders
• Depression
• Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression)
• Seasonal Affective Disorder
• Dysthymia
• Post Partum Depression
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Depression: Signs and Symptoms
Mood: depressed, hopeless, unable to experience joy or pleasure
Thoughts: impaired thinking, poor memory & concentration, preoccupied with death & suicide
Self-esteem: preoccupied by shortcomings, worthlessness
Activity: diminished or slowed movements and activities, sleep and appetite disturbances
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Depression: Prevalence
• Approximately 8% of adults will experience a major depression at some time in their life.
• During any 12 month period, between 4-5% of the population will experience depression.
• Rates of depression are higher in females. The female to male ratio is approximately 2:1
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Bipolar Disorder Signs and Symptoms
• Involves cycles of manic episodes and depressive episodes
• Manic episodes involve a euphoric mood, perhaps an irritable mood, unreasonable optimism, exaggerated sense of importance – perhaps ranging to grandiose or paranoid delusions, accelerated thoughts & speech, increased physical activity, decreased need for sleep and risky or bizarre behaviours.
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Bipolar Disorder: Prevalence
• Prevalence rates range from 0.6% to 1% of the population.
• Men and women are equally susceptible. Gender plays a role in the onset and course of the illness.
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Types of Anxiety Disorder
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Phobias
• Panic Disorder
• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
• Post Traumatic Stress
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Anxiety Disorders: Signs & SymptomsGeneralized Anxiety Disorder: Severe, chronic, exaggerated worry & tension, inability to relax
Phobia: extreme, irrational fear that leads to avoidance behaviour
Panic Disorder: extreme feelings of anxiety. Symptoms often mistaken for a heart attack. Anticipatory anxiety & avoidance behaviour often develop.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Endless cycles of disturbing thoughts (obsessions) & rituals (compulsions) that significantly interfere with daily life.
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Signs and Symptoms
• Occurs after exposure to a life threatening event, such as personal assault, a serious accident, a natural disaster or military combat
• Symptoms include re-experiencing or reliving the trauma, avoidance behaviours and heightened arousal
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Anxiety Disorders: Prevalence• Prevalence rates for anxiety disorders are about
12% (1 yr prevalence rates) • Women are 2to3 times more likely than men to
suffer from any type of anxiety disorder.• Over 30% of women experience an anxiety
disorder at some time in their life.• Rates of obsessive compulsive disorder are
nearly equal for men and women• Females risk of developing PTSD following a
trauma is twice that of males. Females are also more likely to develop long-term PTSD & have higher rates of co-occurring medical & psychiatric problems.
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Psychotic Disorders - Schizophrenia
• Complex brain disorder• It is not a “split personality”• Affects about 1% of the population• Affects men and women equally, but men
tend to develop the illness earlier• Outcome for persons with schizophrenia is
highly variable.
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Schizophrenia Signs and Symptoms
• Positive symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking/ speech, grossly disorganized behaviour
• Negative symptoms: lack of emotions or blunted emotions, low motivation, inappropriate social skills or lack of interest in socializing, social isolation
• Cognitive symptoms: slow thinking, difficulty understanding, poor concentration &memory, difficulty expressing thoughts
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Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa: deprivation of food, distorted body image. Body weight at least 15% below normal weight.
Bulimia Nervosa: cyclic binge eating followed by purging. Weight is often normal.
Binge Eating Disorder: compulsive overeating without attempting to purge
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Eating Disorders: Prevalence
Approximately 3% of women will be affected by an eating disorder during their lifetime.
One-year prevalence rates:
Women – 2.8%
Men – 0.5%
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Personality Disorders
• Broad and enduring patterns of thoughts & behaviours that lead to significant difficulties in establishing fulfilling relationships or in leading a productive life.
• Personality disorders affect 6% to 9% of the population
• There are several different types of personality disorders
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Borderline Personality Disorder
• Pervasive pattern of instability in emotions, interpersonal relationships, self-image & severe impulsivity
• Often shows recurrent suicidal behaviour or self-mutilating behaviour
• Prevalence – about 2% of the general population
• About 75% of those diagnosed are females
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of, the rights of others – for example, criminal behaviour, lying, physical aggression, manipulation
• Behaviour patterns being in childhood/ adolescence & continue into adulthood
• Prevalence is about 3% in males & about 1% in females
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Suicide
• About 4,000 people die annually in Canada by suicide and many, many more try
• All Canadians are affected by suicide and suicidal behaviour, regardless of age, culture, income or education
• Male/Female ratio = 4:1 complete suicide
• Women attempt more often
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Suicide
• Suicidal feelings usually indicate an underlying illness, frequently depression
• Treatment of depression can and does save lives
• Most who die by suicide are not in treatment
• If someone talks about suicide, take it seriously; notify a professional
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Casual Factors in Mental Illness
• Mental illnesses are related to a complex interaction of a number of factors:– Genetic factors
– Neurobiological factors (e.g. levels of neurotransmitters in the brain)
– Brain structure of processes
– Environmental factors (e.g. socioeconomic factors, family, exposure to trauma, work
– Physical illness
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Factors Related to Gender Differences in Mental Illnesses
• Hormonal Differences
• Socialization
• Social Roles
• Psychosocial Factors
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For more information contact: 255-7440
orwww.cmha-wecb.on.ca