IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
UK Research Activities on Advanced Distribution
Automation
Dr. Graham Ault
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
Outline
• Introduction and Background (ADA vs. ANM)• UK Nationally Coordinated Activities in ANM• UK Research & Development Activities in ANM• Future Directions for ANM in the UK
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
Introduction and Background
Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA) vs.
Active Network Management (ANM)
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA)
• Takes existing network automation further• Main focus is on system reliability• Addresses key utility drivers in the US and UK:
– Distribution reliability– Capital and operating cost control– Customer focused operation– Connection of distributed and renewable generation
• Primary and secondary system solutions
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
Active Network Management (ANM)• Focused on the economic integration of distributed
and renewable resources into distribution networks• Focused on secondary system solutions • Seeks to overcome barriers to generation connection:
– Power flows– Voltage control– Fault level
• ‘Real-time control of generation, load, storage and network devices based on real-time measurements, communications and control’
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
UK Nationally Coordinated Activities in Active Network
Management (ANM)
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
Distribution Sector Working Groups (WS3 and WS5)
• DTI/Ofgem sponsored technical work groups commissioned to investigate ANM solutions
• ‘Best practice’ guides and ETRs published to promote ANM solutions
• Distribution network operators encouraged to consider these options in DG connection planning
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
UK Technical Architecture Project
• Established as a UK power sector activity by the IEE
• Remit to undertake research and development work to address future power system needs addressing the issues:– Distributed Energy Resources– Asset Renewal– Liberalised Market Frameworks– Lower Carbon Energy Systems– Efficient, Cost Effective Solutions
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
UK Technical Architecture Project
• Identify and propose network development strategies facilitating the efficient planning, connection and operation of:– Current and future generation technologies– Static and responsive demand– Energy storage devices– Network auxiliary plant and equipment
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
UK SuperGen Initiative
• UK Research Councils funded programmes in several areas of power generation, networks and end-use:– Networks; Biomass /Biofuels; Marine Power;
Hydrogen technology; Photovoltaics; Conventionalpower plant lifetime extension; Fuel cell technologies; Energy storage; Distributed power systems.
• Several aspects of microgrids, minigrids and system automation and system management being addressed.
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
UK SuperGen Initiative
• ‘Future Network Technologies’ and ‘Highly Distributed Power Systems’ consortia tackle network management and automation issues:– Microgrid control– Adaptive protection– DG management– Responsive demand– ‘Cell’ based control of multiple resources
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
DG Incentive, RPZ and IFI
• Distributed Generation Incentive: 1.5£/kW/yr for for all additional DG connected
• Registered Power Zones: additional 3£/kW/yr for innovative solutions to DG connection
• Innovation Funding Incentive: 0.5% of revenue for technological development and demonstration
• Active Network Management is a key area of distribution company plans for innovation expenditure
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
DTI Programme
• UK Department for Trade and Industry (DTI) fund technological development related to network management and DG
• ANM has been a key area in recent years• Focused funding for ANM within newly launched
programme
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
UK Research & Development Activities in ANM
Active Management Concepts Development:• Power Flow Management• Voltage Control
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
• Two 33 kV submarine cables from the mainland: 30 MVA and 20 MVA.
• 7 MW min / 31.5 MW max load.
• 26 MW firm generation.
• 20 MW non firm (I/T) generation.
• Further generation needs to be load / generation following.
• Network Capacity 71.5MW.
• ≈ 25 MW of potential managed generation capacity.
G
G
GG
RG
G
R
RR
RGNormally Open Point
G
G
SVC
NORTHHOY
BURGARHILL
SCORRADALE
STROMNESS
ST. MARY’S
STRONSAY
SHAPINSAY
SANDAYEDAY
WESTRAY
ROUSAY
THURSOGRID
FLOTTA
LYNESS
Background to Orkney Active Power Flow Management Scheme
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
• Q compensation solves voltage issues, no fault level issues
• Thermal capacity of network optimised with an operating margin
• Logic control based on measurement of primary system parameters
• Digital Radio for communications• Ensures network security and
operational flexibility for the DNO
KIRKWALL
SCORRADALE
STROMNESSSTROMNESS
BURGARHILL
Normally Open Point
ST. MARY’S
STRONSAY
SHAPINSAY
SANDAY
EDAY
WESTRAY
ROUSAY
THURSOGRID
FLOTTA
NORTHHOY
LYNESS
Orkney Core
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 2
Zone 1
KIRKWALL
SCORRADALE
STROMNESSSTROMNESS
BURGARHILL
Normally Open Point
ST. MARY’S
STRONSAY
SHAPINSAY
SANDAY
EDAY
WESTRAY
ROUSAY
THURSOGRID
FLOTTA
NORTHHOY
LYNESS
Orkney Core
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 2
Zone 1
Concept for Orkney Active Management Scheme
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
Additional Renewable Capacity Result Energy Output from Scheme (MWh/MW connected)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
47 55.5 64 72.5 81 89.5 98
106.5 11
512
3.5 132
140.5 14
915
7.5 166
Generation connected (MW)
MW
h/M
W c
onne
cted
CapacityFactor
CoincidentallyconstrainedNNFG output
OM1
OM2
Trip Max Load
Trip Min Load
Trim Max Load
Trim Min Load
Operating Margin
107
32
108
32
21
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
Voltage Constrained DG onSimple Distribution Network
GSP
EG
Distribution Network6 bus system
1
2
3 4
9.1 MW 1.8 MVR
5 6
6.0 MW-2.0 MVR
3.3 MW 0.6 MVR 1.009 pu
-3.96 Deg
0.983 pu -5.22 Deg
0.972 pu -5.98 Deg
1.045 pu 0.00 Deg
1.031 pu -1.66 Deg
1.014 pu -3.15 Deg
13.06 MW 3.00 MVR
2.54 MW 1.70 MVR
9.18 MW 1.94 MVR
5.88 MW 1.08 MVR
0.27 MW
0.12 MW
0.08 MW
0.04 MW
0.36 MVR 0.14 MVR
0.03 MVR 0.14 MVR
31.50 MW6.30 MVR
3.6 MW 0.7 MVR 42.36 MW
14.29 MVR
3.28 MVR
0.35 MW
1.01
44.71 MVA
13.40 MVA
3.06 MVA
9.28 MVA
6.07 MVA
DG
Note: worst case is defined maximum generation and maximum load,producing the greatest divergence in voltages on the two feeders.
Courtesy of Univ. Manchester – partners of Univ. Strathclyde in UK DTICentre for Distributed Generation and Sustainable Electrical Energy
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
Annual Voltage Profile
0.970.980.99
11.011.021.031.041.051.061.071.08
0
730
1460
2190
2920
3650
4380
5110
5840
6570
7300
8030
8760
Time (hour)
Volta
ge (p
.u.)
Courtesy of Univ. Manchester – partners of Univ. Strathclyde in UK DTICentre for Distributed Generation and Sustainable Electrical Energy
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
Voltage Limits Applied
0.970.980.99
11.011.021.031.041.051.061.071.08
0
730
1460
2190
2920
3650
4380
5110
5840
6570
7300
8030
8760
Time (hour)
Volta
ge (p
.u.)
Courtesy of Univ. Manchester – partners of Univ. Strathclyde in UK DTICentre for Distributed Generation and Sustainable Electrical Energy
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Embedded wind generation penetration (MW)
Ener
gy (M
Wh)
Generation curtailedNet generation
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Embedded wind generation penetration (MW)
Ener
gy (M
Wh)
Generation curtailedNet generation
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Embedded wind generation penetration (MW)
Ener
gy (M
Wh)
Generation curtailedNet generation
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Embedded wind generation penetration (MW)
Ener
gy (M
Wh)
Generation curtailedNet generation
Act
ive
disp
atch
onl
y
Rea
ctiv
e po
wer
mgm
t.
Are
a ba
sed
OLT
C c
ontro
l
OLT
C +
Vol
tage
regu
lato
r
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
Future Directions for ANM in the UK
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
Future Directions
• NOW – Automation of primary substations and some MV feeders
• 2010 – Roll out of feeder automation and active generation management
• 2020 – Integrated approaches to MV network automation and generation management
• 2030 – Further integration of network and generation management with load and storage management in area-based active management schemes.
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
Key Technologies for Active Networks
• Responsive generation • Responsive demand• Power electronics• Distribution automation• Communications• Energy storage
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
Conclusions
IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005
Conclusions• Strong parallels between distribution automation
and active network management exist• Substantial programmes of research, development
and demonstration for active network management are underway
• Active network management offers the prospect for more economic integration of renewables into power systems
• Integrated network automation and generation management possible in future