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Ubiquitous ComputingA Look Into Everyware
By Eric Miller
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Key Terms
• Ubiquitous – Present, appear, or found everywhere (omnipresent)
• Context - Info that relates to an entity• Ontology – Knowledge as a set of concepts
within a domain, and their relationships
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What is Ubiquitous Computing?
• Post-desktop model of human-computer interactions
• NOT virtual reality• Seamlessly
interconnected world
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Relative Terms
• Pervasive Computing• Ambient Intelligence• Everyware
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Daddy?
• Mark Weiser– Father of Ubiquitous Computing– From Harvey, Illinois– Chief Scientist at PARC– Coined Ubiquitous Computing in 1988– Wrote “The Computer for the 21st Century”
• Interesting views
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Weiser
• Three forms of Ubiquitous Computing devices– Tabs– Pads– Boards
• Three more since– Dust– Skin– Clay
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Goals
• Natural Interaction• Ease of Life• Reliable and accessible Information
“The most profound technologies are the ones that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are undistinguishable from it.” – Mark Weiser
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Smart Devices
• Needs– Remote Access– Power– Adapt– Scale
• Wants– Extends Needs– Fast– Anywhere– Anytime– Highly Mobile
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Smart Devices
• Device Independence• Application Independence• Adaptively and Adaptability• Collective Operation
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Context
• Dynamic Context– Rates of Change– Evolution
• Relational Context– Time– Person to person
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Context
• User Context• Device Context• Application Context• Information Context• Environmental Context• Time Context• Historical Context• Relational Context
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Context
• Computers– Gather Data– Aggregate Data– Running
Calculations
• Humans– Defining Contexts– Determine What is
Important
• Both– Misunderstandings– Imperfect
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Context Management
• Context Modeling• Capturing• Abstraction/Reasoning– One-to-One– Context Fusion– Context Fission
• Dissemination
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Context Aware Systems
• Able to sense their environment– Where You Are– Who You’re With– Nearby Resources
• High Development Overheads• Strong Barriers• Lack of Infrastructure
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Semantic Web
• Provides common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries. – W3C
• Would aid greatly to Context Aware Systems• Developed with Ontology Oriented
Programming
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Location Awareness
• Devices that sense your or their location– Passive or Active
• GPS– Giving Directions
• Warehouse• Provides Comfort
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Sentient Computing
• Uses sensors to perceive its environment and react accordingly
• Uses world model and location awareness
• Sentient – Able to perceive or feel things
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E-Learning
• In Classroom• Out of Classroom• Can be self paced or instructor led
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Ontology Oriented Programming
• Go!• Ontological Programming
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Challenges
• Anticipating future trends• Meeting future needs• Proximate Future• Infrastructure• Possible?• Security
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• Proximate Future– Always a next step
• Currently Living It– Mobile technology– Different from what was expected
• You Decide
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Singapore
• Road Payment System• Text-a-Taxi
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Infrastructure
• Will it Work?– Re-usability– Manageability– Accessibility– Durability
• Out of Date Machines• Power Issues• Data Storage
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Possible?• Tupac Hologram• Accurate Interactions
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Security
• Is it wanted?• How Invasive?• Law Changes?• Restrictions• Law Enforcement
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Examples
• Coffee Cup• Refrigerator• Automated Lighting• Automated Electronics• Augmented Reality• Examples
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Augmented Reality
• Layar• GPS
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Augmented Reality
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Augmented Reality
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Augmented Reality
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Conclusions
• Role of user must be very clearly understood• Role of environment must be understood• Current infrastructure must be expanded to
support context aware systems• Major developments in Ontology Oriented
Programming must be made first• Must clearly define objects to not get lost in
“proximate future” loop
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Questions?
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Sources• http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6947-8-26.pdf • http
://www.ics.uci.edu/~jpd/ubicomp/BellDourish-YesterdaysTomorrows.pdf
• http://ojs.academypublisher.com/index.php/jsw/article/view/04099921013/1431
• http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~aura/docdir/pcs01.pdf• http://www.utdallas.edu/~
muratk/courses/privacy08f_files/location_privacy_pervasive_computing.pdf
• http://csce.uark.edu/~nilanb/teaching/papers/kindberg.pdf