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U. S. History I
Topic 9.1: Industry and Immigration
1865-1914
IN STD: USH. 2.1-2.9 From Left: Pullman Car, George Pullman,
and Pullman Co. Poster
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Causes of the Industrialization 1. Natural Resources
– Edwin Drake: Drilled first oil well in U.S. History in Titusville, Pennsylvania
– Oil: Before: used to boil whale blubber/After: Kerosene and gasoline (after automobile)
2. Large Workforce- Immigration increased (Asia and Europe)3. Capitalism and Entrepreneurs- Entrepreneur: One who risks (invests) money in order
to make money - Horatio Alger: Wrote: “Rags to Riches” novels about
“entrepreneurial spirit”4. Government Policy-Laissez-Faire: “Free Enterprise” Government took
“hand’s-off” approach to business (Supply/Demand) with little regulation (rules)
-Protective Tariffs: Taxes on imports aimed at protecting local business
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“Rags to Riches” Novels: Horatio Alger
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Innovation Drives the Nation• Patent: Exclusive
permission to develop and sell an Invention for a certain period of time
• Thomas Edison: Inventor who set up Menlo Park Research Laboratory in New Jersey: Invented Light Bulb (1880)
• Alexander Graham Bell: 1876: Patented Telephone
• Gugliemo Marconi: Wireless Telegraph: “Father of Radio”
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mclp9QmCGs
Steel• Bessemer Process:
Henry Bessemer: Purifying Iron by “Blasting” it with intense heat
• Suspension Bridges: Roadway suspended in air w/ steel cables.
• -Brooklyn Bridge: 1883: First of its kind
• Skyscraper: Used steel frames for height: Home Insurance Building: Chicago: First Skyscraper ever built
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Technology and Transportation• Railroads• George Westinghouse: 1869: Invented
Air Brakes• Granville Woods: 1887: Train Telegraph• Gustavus Swift: Refrigerated Rail Car• BIG Problem: Times were set
independently (Usually using sun) Scheduling Became Impossible
• SOLUTION: 1884: 27 Countries created 24 “Time-Zones”
• Airplane: 1903: Orville and Wilbur Wright: Kitty Hawk, N.C. First Successful Flight
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FYI• DID YOU KNOW: The Wright brothers (top) used an airplane design created by a Dr. Chanute (bottom) of Chicago. Chanute developed his design by flying his “glider” at the Indiana Sand Dunes! (Miller Beach)… so you could say that the Airplane was invented in Indiana!!!
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Spiral of Growth• Railroads stimulated
(Sped up/helped) innovation and industrialization
• -Brought Natural Resources from Western U.S.
• Mass Production: Factories turned out large numbers of product in short amount of time.
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Impact of Industrialization• 1. Linked World Markets:
Food…etc.• 2. Changed American
Society: Growth of Cities• 3. Environmental
Problems: Pollution• -National Park Service:
1915-16: Formed to protect environment against abuses of business.
• *Yellowstone National Park: 1872: First National Park in U.S. History
• *Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore: 1966
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• After the American Civil War, southern leaders wanted to Industrialize the south
• Many Factories opened• Railroad built between major southern
cities• Atlanta, Dallas, Nashville, began to rival
Chicago and Boston• Recovery Limited-
– South had to “repair” damage after war and still lagged behind north
– Limited public education could not create effective workforce
– Southern banks failed after war
Industrialization and the “New South”
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Southern Farmers Face Hard Times
• Cash Crop: Cotton/Tobacco still very popular in south
• Cotton prices fell
• Reliance on one crop was risky
• Farmer’s Alliance: Groups that negotiated lower farm supply prices