![Page 1: TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser The Influence of Water Treatment on Corrosion of Materials in Service Lines and Drinking Water Installations Josef Klinger](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55159e9f550346486b8b5d6f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
The Influence of Water Treatment
on Corrosion of Materials in Service
Lines
and Drinking Water Installations
Josef Klinger
TZW Karlsruhe
TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Why to change the Water Treatment?
Water quality problems
New raw water resources
Merger of small water utilities
Corrosion problems – desalination
Consumer complaints – central softening
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Central Softening
Precipitation (NaOH, Ca(OH)2)
Addition of acids (cooling water)
Ion exchange
Membrane filtration (nanofiltration, reverse osmosis)
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Membrane Filtration
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Reverse Osmosis
1 Feed 3 Feed spacer 5 Membrane 7 Permeate header2 Permeate 4 Concentrate 6 Permeate spacer 8 Sealing to pressure pipe
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Example out of the Practice
Raw water quality
Groundwater
Winter m³/d 500
Summer m³/d 4.000
Conductivity mS/m 165
pH - 7,3
KS4,3 mmol/L 5,1
Hardness °dH 26
Chloride mg/L 325
Sulfate mg/L 70
Arsenic mg/L 0,010
Selenium mg/L 0,030
Hardness
Corrosion
Limit value
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Pilot Study for Water Treatment
Version A
Mixture of desalinated water and aeration
Version B
100 % RO and stabilisation of desalinated water with CaCO3
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Parameters of the Test Waters in the Pilot Plant
El. ConductivitypH
Alkalinity (pH: 4.3)Acidity (pH: 8.2)
Ca2+ 2++ MgNa+
Cl-
SO42-
NO3-
PO43- (total)
SiDOC
S1
mS/m
mmol/Lmmol/Lmmol/L
mg/Lmg/Lmg/Lmg/Lmg/L
mg/L Simg/L C
Tap Waterwith Inhibitor
148 -1647.3 - 7.4
5.10.64.713031070301.2
50.6 - 1,8
2
SoftenedTap Water
55 - 597.6 - 7.9
1.60.051.645
1002010
0.012
0.42
RO Filtrate afterCaCO3 Filtration
13 - 188.2 - 8.5
1.20.020.6
63
< 12
0.010.1
0.2 - 0,4<< 1
Parameter Unit Test Water 1 Test Water 2 Test Water 3
Tap:30%, RO:70%
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Closed Loop Device
for Corrosion Tests with Iron Pipes
Pump
Test PipeFlowMeter
CoolingSystem
Effluent Stopcock
Cooler
Valve
Fresh Water Effluent
T O2
pH
SamplingPoint, V2
V
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Corrosion and Iron Migration Rates
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Cor
rosi
on
Ra
te[g
/md
]Fe
2
0 50 100 150 200 250
Running Time [d]
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Mig
ratio
nR
ate
[g/m
d]F
e2
0 50 100 150 200 250
Running Time [d]
a) b)
Testwater 1Testwater 2Testwater 3
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Mechanical Stability and Iron Migration Rates
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Mig
ratio
nR
ate
[g/m
d]F
e2
0 50 100 150 200 250
Running Time [d]
b)
Testwater 1Testwater 2Testwater 3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Sta
bilit
yP
aram
eter
[g/m
²d]
Fe
0 50 100 150 200 250
Running Time [d]
c)
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Corrosion Rates with changed Water Quality
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Example of a „Turner Diagram“
0
50
100
150
200
Chl
orid
eC
once
ntra
tion
[mg/
L]
300
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Carbonate Hardness [mol/m ]3
No Dezincification
Borderlinefor MS 58
Borderline for CR Brass
Testwater 1: 310 m/L Cl
Testwater 3 Source: Seppelfricke
Testwater 2
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Metallurgical Structure of Duplex Brass
CuZn39Pb3 (Wieland Z33)Source: Wieland-Werke AG
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Metallographical Grindings of the test pieces
Running Time: 220 Days
200 µmCuZn40Pb2 Testwater 1
200 µmCuZn40Pb2 Testwater 2
200 µmCuZn40Pb2 Testwater 3
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Tempered Brass Material: CuZn40Pb2Running Time: 220 DaysTest Water 3(100 % RO + stabilisation) 200 µmb) CuZn40Pb2(t) Testwater 3
111 µm
Tempered Brass Material: CuZn40Pb2Running Time: 220 DaysTest Water 1Tap Water with Inhibitor
200 µma) CuZn40Pb2(t) Testwater 1
422 µm
Metallographic Sections of the test pieces
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
The new Treatment Plant
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TZW Karlsruhe Prüfstelle Wasser
Summary
The influence of a changed water quality on corrosion processes was assessed in a pilot plant
Corrosion assessment tools are available
Treatment plant is in service since two years
Corrosion processes are controlled as predicted
Prediction based on pilot plant tests were successful