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TG2 –Typology of smart-city stakeholders

1 Introduction

The aim of this document is to list smart-city stakeholders, their concerns (aims, requirements) and roles. This list will be used in conjunction with the list of reference models.

2 Context

City as a socio-technical and self-evolving system-of-systems.

A quick comparative analysis of the activities of the main SDOs (ISO, IEC, ITU, IEEE) related to smart-cities shows that IEC/SEG1 is the one that most clearly pursues the system view related to smart-city concerns.

To strengthen this SEG1 position, the typology of smart-city stakeholders is considered from the point of view of how to transform all existing cities to smart-cities at the same time and in a sustainable way.

This means that the primary interest of this document is on

1) smart-city as a functional whole without a deep-dive into details of each sector (water, transportation, etc.),

2) enabling the evolution of cities with their own pace and under their own budgets;

3) cross-cutting issues, including economic, social and environmental development;

4) addressing transversal trends and issues including digital, information security, governance and accountability;

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5) municipal (communal, city) level primarily without forgetting provincial (cantonal), national (federal), regional, international levels.

3 Typology of stakeholders

Stakeholders can be categorized into one or more of the following typologies based on their personal or organizational interest in the development of a smart city. As smart city stakeholders, one can have direct or indirect influence(s) in the decision-making process, which plays a significant role in the formation of a smart city.

Typology Description Interest in Smart City Initiatives

Direct/Indirect Decision Makers

Influence on Smart-City Initiatives

Examples

Citizens Inhabitants of the city who are active participants that consume services and goods produced by the various service/goods providers. Citizens are key drivers in defining the desired goals of a Smart City.

Improvement in standard of living. Low-cost and efficient products and services. Economic, social and environmental long-term development

Direct Primary stakeholders who drive much of the Smart City requirements. Initiatives include sustainability, affordability and availability of services, etc.

Residential citizens

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Typology Description Interest in Smart

City Initiatives Direct/Indirect Decision Makers


Examples

Temporary inhabitants of the city

People who are not residents but spend some time in the city

Low-cost and efficient products and services. Rich entertainment and information services

Indirect Tourists drive a lot of economical value to the city. By attracting more tourists, the city benefits economically.

Tourists Occupants of the city (e.g. people who are working in the city)

Local businesses owners

Entities that produce goods or services for the citizens to consume

Reducing OPEX, better visibility, business opportunities; expanding their expertise and products among all smart-cities

Direct Business owners create economic growth, competitive growth, local knowledge, create jobs, and create innovations.

Restaurants Auto mechanic shops Pharmacy Grocery stores

Public interest groups

Entities or parties responsible for the protection or defence of the citizens

Social and environmental long-term development

Direct Joint power of citizens, social networking effect

Consumer protection groups Political parties Local, regional and international NGOs, multilateral organizations

Municipal authorities

Authorities that oversee the overall management of the city

Economic, social and environmental development. Better handling of challenges and threats of the city

Direct Main promoters of smart-city initiatives on each specific city

Legislative Executive

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Examples

Urban/City planners

Entity responsible for the conservation, use, and planning of the city

Achieving the best interest of the citizens

Direct Their expertise is important to better understand how to include ICTs into mid-long term city planning, considering cities complexities.

City Manager City Planner Engineer Architecte-en-chef

Utility and public services providers

Entities who are responsible for providing fundamental services to the citizens and occupants of the city.

Implementing smart-city solutions to increase city and public services efficiency

Direct Target partners in implementation of smart-city initiatives. They provide essential services that citizens can not do without.

Electricity Water Wastewater Collection & Treatment Refuse Collection & Recycle Gas Public Transportation Hospitals Clinics

Telecommunication providers

Private or public entities that provide infrastructure and/or means of communication and data transfer portal.

Expansion of Internet-based services

Indirect Provide the means for data flow between machine, people, and entities to enable Smart City interoperability and efficiency. Financial support

Phone Companies Internet Service Providers

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Examples

Industries Large entities that produce goods and services to a larger mass, local and globally

They are interested in developing and deployment of commonly-agreed and standardized products and services

Indirect Create jobs and goods/services that improve human life. Provide support for standardisation of products and services.

Manufacturing Companies Mining Companies

Academic and research institutes

Public and private entities who are responsible for providing education to the citizens and conduct research to help improve the life and sustainability of the citizens and environment around them

They study smart-city as a new trend which has impact in the sustainable development of society and has a very technological component

Indirect Provide innovations, new technologies, new methodologies that improve human life.

Cantonal and national agencies

Agencies that governs a wider area with multiple cities at state or national level.

Economic, social and environmental long-term development

indirect They have remit on policies that can affect smart-city implementation.

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Examples

Financial organisations

Entities that hold, loan and invest finances for citizens and businesses of the city.

Economic long-term development

Direct They have remit on financial and economic soundness of smart-city implementations.

Banks Mortgage Firms Funding bodies Banks and International Financial Institutions (IFI)

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Examples

Standards Development Organizations

National or International organizations whose primary activities are developing, coordinating, promulgating, revising, amending, reissuing, interpreting, or otherwise producing technical standards that are intended to address the needs of some relatively wide base of affected adopters

Better context for standardisation work

Indirect They are critical to ensure a common ground for developing a very complex implementation of ICT, including terminology, reference models, reference architectures, interfaces, measurement methods, performance and sustainability assessment techniques, common services specifications, management practices, business process patterns

IEC IEEE ITU

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_standard




Examples

Specialized consulting firms

Direct Their expertise is needed to be able to fuse several methodologies and technologies and propose a conceptually integrated approach for functioning of cities.

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4 Additional classification of shareholders

In addition to categorizing stakeholders into typologies, they can also be classified into more general classifications based on their involvement within a smart city. The example below categorizes stakeholders based on 1. Active Involvement 2. Beneficiaries 3. Affected Stakeholders. By performing various types of cross classification and categorization of stakeholders one can better understand the various perspectives and interests.

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5 Dependencies between stakeholders, their interest and models

As with the complexities between the components within t he smart city system-of-systems, so are the interrelations between stakeholders of a city intricate and highly complex. Mapping out the dependencies between stakeholders allows one to better understand the impact and effects of decisions and changes from one stakeholder to another.

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End of presentation (v7, 2015-01-15)

FOR MORE INFORMATION

Ruud Weyers

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Download - Typology of smart city stakeholders

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