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Typography
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TYPOGRAPHY
The art of type
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TYPE All the letters (abc),
Numbers (123)
& characters (; ? @)
of the alphabet.
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MONOTYPE
Trade name for hot metal
composition system
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Monotype
Corporation
Machine Shop
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FONT
Type or letter style
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VARIATIONS OF TYPE
Width of letters:
regular, or
Weight of letters:
light, regular, bold, heavy
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TYPESTYLE CATEGORIES
• SERIF: Letters that have feet or tails.
• SAN SERIF: Letters without feet or tails.
• SCRIPT: Letters that simulate handwriting (cursive)
and/or calligraphy
• DECORATIVE: Letters that have character,
are unique in style.
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SERIF
Examples of TYPESTYLE CATEGORIES
SERIF SERIF SERIF
Having
feet or
tails
More examples of “SERIF” fonts
Having
feet or
tails
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SAN SERIF
Examples of TYPESTYLE CATEGORIES
SAN SERIF SAN SERIF
SAN SERIF SAN SERIF
Having
NO feet
or tails
More examples of “SAN SERIF” fonts
Having
NO feet
or tails
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Examples of TYPESTYLE CATEGORIES
Script Script
Resembles handwriting,
cursive lettering or calligraphy.
More examples of “SCRIPT” fonts
Rule of thumb: When using a Script
font, do not write in all capital letters,
it is too hard to read.
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Examples of TYPESTYLE CATEGORIES
DECORATIVE
DECORATIVE
DECORATIVE DECORATIVE
More examples of “DECORATIVE” fonts
Fonts that are unique in style and typically only
used for headlines, or one word emphasis.
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POINT
Type is measured in points
Smallest typographical unit.
1 point = 1/72 of an inch
36 point = ½ of an inch
72 point = 1 inch
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SPACING TRACKING:
Adjusting space between all letters equally.
KERNING:
Adjusting space between two letters.
LEADING:
Adjusting space between sentences.
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BASELINE
The line where all
letters stand on.
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Typographical Designers
Study all the information in orange of the next few pages
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Three Famous English Type Designers
• William Caslon
• John Baskerville
• Stanley Morison
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William Caslon
Caslon Font
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1. William Caslon [English] 1692-1766
• Engraver, type founder, type designer.
• The first of a family of English type founders (Caslon I, II, III, IV)
• 1716: started business in London as an engraver and started a
type foundry
• 1725: sets up his own type foundry,
– it continued to operate for 200 years.
• 1734: Caslon’s first one-page specimen: 47 of his typefaces
• Created Caslon font: used for the Declaration of Independence
• Influenced many contemporary typographers
• Known style: old style, roman
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John Baskerville
Baskerville Font
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2. John Baskerville [English] 1706-1775
• Father of printing in England
• Skilled engraver of Tombstones
• Generated Baskerville font, still present today
• Established a paper mill, printing office and type foundry.
• Known style: between old style and modern style called ``Transitional'' type
• Major innovations in printing
– making a flatter, sturdier bed in press construction
– printing ink (blacker, opaque, more even, and quicker-drying)
– papermaking (wove instead of laid)
– letter design
– he made changes to the way in which metal type was made, enabling him to produce finer, more delicate lettering than any before him had achieved.
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Stanley Morison
Times New Roman
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3. Stanley Morison [English] 1889-1967
• Typographer, type designer
• 1923–67: typography consultant to Monotype Corporation*.
• 1929–60: typography consultant to "The Times" daily newspaper.
• Created font Times New Roman, still present today
• 1932: The first issue of "The Times™" with font Times New Roman™, is printed.
• Produced some of the most popular text faces of the 20th century
*Montoype: trade name for hot metal composition system,
It consists of two units: a keyboard and a casting machine.
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Famous American Type Designer
• Morris Benton
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Morris Benton
Franklin Gothic
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Morris Benton [American]
1872-1948
• 1892-1937: Type designer for ATF*
• Developed over 200 alphabets, all of which were published by ATF
• Leading American type designer
• *ATF: American Type Foundry conglomeration. It owns the rights to one of the world’s greatest libraries of original typefaces, largely directed and created by Morris Benton.
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Broadway
Hobo
New Century School Book
Commercial Script
Designed by Morris Benton
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Caslon Font (designed by Caslon)
Baskerville Font (designed by Baskerville)
Times New Roman (designed by Morrison
New Century School Book (designed by Benton
COMPARISONS
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Foundries are organizations that
manufacture fonts. Some are large
companies, while others are just a
designer or two. Type foundries have
existed since the 1450s, the birth of
printing in Europe.
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If you typed your notes, be sure it is only
one page long, to conserve paper and
toner. You can make font size smaller or
change some of the spacing. Type your
name at the top, print and place in your
notebook. If you hand wrote your notes
place them in your notebook regardless
of how long it is.
When you are finished with these notes
check out the following websites
pertaining to typography.
http://www.myfonts.com
http://www.dafont.com