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Types of Societies
Guns, Germs, and Steel—The Fates of Human Societies by
Jared Diamond
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Types of Societies
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Society = a group of people living together in a
particular place or at a particular time and
having many things in common
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Band
Tribe
Chiefdom
State
Different types of societies
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Element = a point of comparison which is
contained in the different types of societies
Membership
Government
Economy
Society
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Membership
Number of
People
dozens hundreds
thousands over 50,000
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Membership
Settlement
Pattern
nomadic fixed: 1 village
fixed: 1 or more
villages
fixed: many
villages and
cities
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Membership
Basis of
Relationship
kin kin-based clans
class and
residence
class and
residence
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Membership
Ethnicities
and
Languages
1 1
1 1 or more
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Government
Decision Making
(Leadership)
“egalitarian” “egalitarian” or
big-man
centralized,
hereditary
centralized
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Government
Bureaucracy none none
none, or 1 or
2 levels
many levels
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Government
Monopoly of
Force and
Information
nono
yes yes
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Government
Conflict
Resolution
informal informal
centralized laws, judges
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Government
Hierarchy of
Settlement
no no
no >>
paramount
village
capital
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Economy
Food
Production
no no >>> yes
yes >>>
intensive
intensive
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Economy
Division of
Labor
no no
no >>> yes yes
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Economy
Exchanges reciprocal
(given by both
sides)
reciprocal
(given by both
sides)
redistributive
(“tribute”)
redistributive
(“taxes”)
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Economy
Control of
Land
band clan
chief various
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Society
Stratified no no
yes, by kin yes, not by kin
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Society
Slavery no no
small-scale large-scale
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Society
Luxury Goods
for Elite
no no
yes yes
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Society
Public
Architecture
no no
no >>> yes yes
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
Society
Indigenous
Literacy
no no
no often
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State
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Types of Societies
Band Tribe
Chiefdom State