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UNIVERSITATEA TEHNICA DE CONSTRUCTII BUCURESTIFACULTATEA DE CONSTRUCTII CIVILE, INDUSTRIALE SI AGRICOLE
ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE
PRIVIND REALIZAREAPRIVIND REALIZAREA
TURNURILOR DE RACIRE TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
LUCRARE DE DISERTALUCRARE DE DISERTAŢ Ţ IE IE
Indrumator
Conf.univ.dr.ing. Constntin !UDANConf.univ.dr.ing. Constntin !UDAN
Absolvnt"r GOGORICI "r GOGORICI
- !""# $
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
C U P R I N S C U P R I N S
C#. $ % Pr&'&ntr& g&n&r(C#. $ % Pr&'&ntr& g&n&r(
1.1 – Definitie si rol !". # 1.# – Cl!sifi$!re !". %
1.% – Ele&ente $o&onente !". '
C#. ) % As#&*t& t&+ni*& si *onstru*tiv&C#. ) % As#&*t& t&+ni*& si *onstru*tiv&
#.1 – (!)in*l +e !! !". 1#
#.# – S$,elet*l +e s*stinere !l $os*l*i !". 1
#.% – Cos*l t*rn*l*i !". 1
#. – I)ol!re! eretilor $os*l*i !". #/
C#. , % Con*(u'ii C#. , % Con*(u'ii !". %0
(ilio"r!fie !". %1
CAPITOLUL $CAPITOLUL $
PREZENTARE GENERALAPREZENTARE GENERALA
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
$.$ D&finiti& si ro( $.$ D&finiti& si ro(
Turnuri(& d& r*ir&Turnuri(& d& r*ir& s*nt $onstr*$tii se$i!le $!r!$teristi$e3 +estin!te
r!$irii !ei +in s$,i&!to!rele +e $!l+*r!. Re!li)!re! !$estor! ! +e4enit
ne$es!r! o+!t! $* $restere! ne4oilor +e !! re$e3 $e n* !* &!i *t*t fi !si"*r!te
+e s*rsele n!t*r!le f!r! s! fi $on+*s l! ol*!re ter&i$!. T*rn*rile +e r!$ire
ser4es$ l! tr!ns&itere! s*rl*s*l*i +e $!l+*r! +in !! $!tre !t&osfer! – rin
!$e!st! re)*lt!n+ r!$ire! !ei +in $ir$*it.
2o+!lit!te! +e in+e!rt!re ! $!l+*rii folosit! l! t*rn*rile +e r!$ire se
n*&este 5e4!or!ti4!6 – !$e!st! er&ite $! o $!ntit!te &i$! +in !! $!re este
r!$it! s! se e4!ore intr-*n $ir$*it +e !er3 rin !$e!st! otin!n+*-se o r!$ire
se&nifi$!ti4! ! !ei +in siste&. C!l+*r! +in !! este tr!nsfer!t! $!tre $*rentii +e
!er ri+i$!n+ te&r!t*r! si *&i+it!te! !$est*i! l! 10078 !$est !er este eli&in!t in
!t&osfer!. Diso)iti4ele +e eli&in!re ! $!l+*rii rin e4!or!re re$*& t*rn*rile
+e r!$ire s*nt folosite +e oi$ei entr* ! otine !! l! te&er!t*ri &*lt &!i 9o!se
+e$!t $ele $!re foloses$ !er r!$it s!* +iso)iti4e *s$!te +e eli&in!re ! $!l+*rii3re$*& r!+i!to!rele +e l! &!sini8 !$est l*$r* este osiil +!torit! f!t*l*i $!
otenti!l*l +e r!$ire ! *nei s*r!fete *&e+e este &*lt &!i &!re +e$!t $el !l *nei
s*r!fete *s$!te.
T*rn*rile +e r!$ire s*nt +e oi$ei folosite entr* ! !si"*r! !! re$e
entr* !er $on+ition!t3 $entr!le ele$tri$e3 f!ri$i. Cele &!i &i$i t*rn*ri s*nt
roie$t!te s! rei! *n +eit +e $!ti4! &$ +e !!:&in tr!ns&is! rin te4i +e
+i!&etr* &i$3 in ti& $e $ele &!i &!ri3 rei!* s*te +e &ii +e &$:&in rin te4i $e
ot !9*n"e l! *n +i!&etr* +e ;&.
$.) C(sifi*r&$.) C(sifi*r&
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
T*rn*rile +e r!$ire ot fi i&!rtite in &!i &*lte $!te"orii in f*n$tie +e<
= sistemul functional e $!re il foloses$ entr* r!$ire! si eli&in!re! $!l+*rii8
= sistemul constructiv *tili)!t entr* re!li)!re! lor.
A$este +o*! &!ri $!te"orii3 se i&!rt3 l! r!n+*l lor in &!i &*lte s*$!te"orii
+*! $*& 4! fi re)ent!t in !r!"r!fele *r&!to!re.
A% Clas&'&(ar &n 'u(t& d s&stmul 'un(t&onal 'olos&t )ntru ra(&ra a)&
A. 1. Dupa principiul de functionare:
E>ist! +o*! fel*ri +e t*rn*ri +e r!$ire $!re s*nt +e oi$ei folosite<
• *n*l +intre ele tr!nsfer! $!l+*r! +in !! in !er*l re$e rin e4!or!re.
A$este! s*nt $*nos$*te $! turnuri d& r*ir& &v#ortiv& ?$* $ir$*it +es$,is s!*
*&e+e@. In !$est $!)3 !! $!l+! $!re intr! in t*rn este +istri*it! este *n siste&
!no*ri +in le&n3 !)o$i&ent ?sol*tii !!n+on!te in re)ent@ s!* &!teri!le
oli&eri$e. A$este !no*ri !si"*r! o s*r!f!t! 4!st! +e $ont!$t intre !! si !er –
rin !$e!st! re!li)!n+*-se e4!or!re!. A! este r!$it! in ti& $e se s$*r"e e
!no*ri si intr! in $ont!$t $* !er*l $!re tre$e este e!. A! r!$it! este $ole$t!t!
intr-*n !)in sit*!t s* !$est siste& si +e *n+e este o&!t! in!oi in siste&
entr* ! re$ole$t! $!l+*r!.
SISTE* DE RACIRE
CU CIRCUIT
DESCHIS
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
Siste&*l +e !no*ri este re!li)!t +in &*lte s*r!fete *&e+e3 &!i !les 4erti$!le3
este $!re $*r"e o eli$*l! +e !! ?t*rn*ri eli$*l!re@ s!* +in &!i &*lte
ele&ente ori)ont!le !se)!te l! +iferite ni4ele $!re stroes$ si rin !$e!st! se
$re!)! o $!s$!+! +e i$!t*ri $!re !* o s*r!f!t! +esf!s*r!t! &!re ?t*rn*ri $*
i$*r!re@.
T*rn*rile +e r!$ire *&e+e s*nt $l!sifi$!te3 l! r!n+*l lor3 in f*n$tie +e &o+*l in
$!re $ir$*l! !er*l in interior*l lor<
- +es$,ise8
- $* tir!9 n!t*r!l8
- $* tir!9 fort!t.
• Al +oile! ti +e t*rn*ri +e r!$ire tr!ns&ite $!l+*r! +in !! $!tre !er*l re$e
rintr-*n ro$es sensiil +e tr!nsfer !l $!l+*rii. A$este! s*nt $*nos$*te s*
+en*&ire! +e turnuri non&v#ortiv& ?$* $ir$*it in$,is s!* *s$!te@. Sre
+eoseire +e t*rn*rile $* $ir$*it +es$,is3 t*rn*rile +e r!$ire *s$!te !* +o*!$ir$*ite se!r!te entr* fl*i+e. Un*l este *n $ir$*it e>terior rin $!re este &is$!t!
!! s* for&! +e sir!le in$,ise. Aer*l este s*fl!t este t**rile in$inse3
+eter&in!n+ o r!$ire rin e4!or!re si&il!r! $* $e! folosit! in t*rn*rile +e r!$ire
$* $ir$*it +es$,is. Diferent! +intre $ele +o*! ti*ri este +!t! rin f!t*l $!3 in
!$est $!)3 fl*i+*l $!re este r!$it este $*rins intr-*n $ir$*it in$,is si rin !$e!st!
n* intr! in $ont!$t +ire$t $* !t&osfer!.
SISTE* DE RACIRE
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
CU CIRCUIT INCHIS
• A$este +o*! ti*ri se int!lnes$ si $o&in!te3 $ele +o*! siste&e +e r!$ire !
!ei ?*s$!t si *&e+@ fiin+ folosite in !r!lel s!* se!r!t si s*nt n*&ite turnuri d&
r*ir& us*t&-u&d&.
A. 2. Dupa modul de formare a suprafetei de schimb de caldura
• t*rn*ri $* i$*r!re8
• t*rn*ri eli$*l!re8
• t*rn*ri &i>te ?eli$*l!re $* i$*r!re@.
A. 3. Dupa directia de curgere a aerului fata de apa
Turnuri d& r*ir& *u *ir*u(ti in *ontr*ur&nt – !er*l &er"e in s*s estesiste&*l +e !no*ri s!* t**ri3 in sens in4ers f!t! +e sens*l +e $*r"ere !l !ei.
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iesire !er $!l+ si*&e+
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
Turnuri *u *ir*u(ti in *ur&nt in*ru*ist – $*rent*l +e !er este +ire$tion!t
eren+i$*l!r e $*rent*l +e !!. A$est! intr! rin *n! s!* &!i &*lte l!t*ri
4erti$!le !le t*rn*l*i +e r!$ire entr* ! se interse$t! $* !no*rile. A! $*r"e
?eren+i$*l!r e +ire$ti! !er*l*i@ rin siste&*l +e !no*ri +!torit! fortei
"r!4it!tion!le.
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(!)in +e $ole$t!re
siste& +e +istri*tie
+*)e +e *l4eri)!re
! !ei
$*r"ere! !er*l*i
C&r(ulat& &n (ontra(urnt
$*r"ere! !ei
*&l*t*r!
iesire !! re$e
intr!re !er *s$!t
intr!re !! $!l+!
4entil!tor
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
A. 4. In functie de modul in care aerul circula prin turn, exista trei categorii <
Turnuri *u tir/ ntur( – foloses$ fort! !s$ension!l!. Aer*l $!l+ si *&e+ se
ri+i$! +!torit! +iferentei +e +ensit!te f!t! +e !er*l re$e si *s$!t. In $i*+!
i&resiei "ener!le tot*si3 $* $!t !er*l este &!i *&e+3 $* !t!t !$est! este &!i
*tin +ens +e$!t $el *s$!t !4!n+ !$ee!si te&er!t*r! si resi*ne. A$est!
flot!ilit!te ! !er*l*i $!l+ ro+*$e *n $*rent +e !er in interior*l t*rn*l*i.
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$*r"ere! !er*l*i
intr!re !er *s$!t
$*r"ere! !ei
*&l*t*r!
!)in +e +istri*tie
intr!re !! $!l+!
4entil!tor
Evacuare aer umed si cald
intr!re !! $!l+!
intr!re !er *s$!t
iesire !er re$e
C&r(ulat& &n (urnt &n(ru(&sat
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
Turnuri *u tir/ &*ni* $!re foloses$ *tere! ro+*s! +e 4entil!to!re entr* !
fort! s!* tr!"e !er*l rin t*rn.
A$este! ot fi<
= cu tira artificial – s*nt re4!)*te $* 4entil!to!re l! e4!$*!re ?in !rte!
s*eri!or! ! $os*l*i@ $!re tr!" !er*l rin t*rn8
= cu tira fortat – !$este! s*nt re4!)*te $* 4entil!to!re l! intr!re3 l! !)!
t*rn*l*i si forte!)! !er*l in !$est!3 $re!n+ 4ite)e +e intr!re &!ri si +e iesire &i$i.
A4!nt!9*l t*rn*rilor $* tir!9 fort!t este +!t +e osiilit!te! +e ! l*$r! $* resi*ni
ri+i$!te.
T*rn +e r!$ire $* tir!9 !rtifi$i!l T*rn +e r!$ire $* tir!9 fort!t
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
1- !)in +e $ole$t!re ! !ei
r!$ite
#- f*n+!tie
%- eretele t*rn*l*i
- st!l
Turn d ra(&r +&)rbol&(% S(t&un& or&ontal
;- "rin+! se$*n+!r!8 - "rin+! rin$i!l!8 B- st!l8 '-erete +es!rtitor
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
Turn d ra(&r +&)rbol&(% S(t&un vrt&(ala )r&n &nstalat&a d ra(&r-
1 – !)in +e $ole$t!re ! !ei r!$ite8 # – f*n+!tie8 % – eretele t*rn*l*i8
–st!l8 ; – "rin+! se$*n+!r!8 – "in+! rin$i!l!8 / – l!$! oli&eri$!8 B – st!l8
10 – t* oli&eri$8 11 – 9",e! rin$i!l +e +istri*tie8 1# – $on+*$t! +e !+*$ti*ne
CAPITOLUL ) CAPITOLUL )
ASPECTE TEHNICE SI CONSTRUCTIVE ASPECTE TEHNICE SI CONSTRUCTIVE
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
A$este $onstr*$tii se $!r!$teri)e!)! rin in!lti&e &!re in r!ort $*
+i&ensi*nile se$ti*nii tr!ns4ers!le.
).$. !AZINUL DE APA).$. !AZINUL DE APA
(!)in*l +e !! este re)er4or*l in $!re se in&!"!)ine!)! !! +*! $e !
tre$*t rin inst!l!ti! +e r!$ire. Din !)in3 !! r!$it! este re$ir$*l!t! rin $on+*$te
!li&ent!te +e l! !rte! inferio!r! ! re)er4or*l*i. (!)in*l !re in l!n for&!
$ir$*l!r! s!* oli"on!l!. Di&ensi*nile in l!n !le !)in*l*i s*nt +eter&in!te +e
s*r!f!t! +e $ole$t!re ! !ei3 $!re +ein+e +e inst!l!ti! +e r!$ire. (!)inele se
e>e$*t! in"ro!te !rti!l s!* e to!t! in!lti&e!.
Rrvor )ol&.onal
Pentr* ! e4it! intrer*ere! f*n$tion!rii t*rn*l*i e +*r!t! l*$r!rilor +e
intretinere s!* re!r!tii3 !)inele s*nt re4!)*te +e re"*l! $* ereti +es!rtitori
$!re !si"*r! f*n$tion!re! in+een+ent! ! *nei !rti +in t*rn*l +e r!$ire.
(!)inele t*rn*rilor s*nt $onstr*$tii in $!re in ti&*l e>lo!t!rii !!r efort*ri
i&ort!nte3 ro+*se +e 4!ri!tiile &!ri +e te&er!t*r!. A4!n+ in 4e+ere !$est
l*$r*3 este ne$es!r $! l! roie$t!re! lor s! se !si"*re3 !t!t $!t este osiil3
le"!t*ri +e !s! n!t*r! intre ele&entele $o&onente !le t*rn*rilor in$!t
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
+efor&!tiile r!+ier*l*i3 si &!i $* se!&! !le eretilor re)er4or*l*i3 s! se ro+*$!
lier. I&ie+i$!re! ro+*$erii +efor&!tiilor ele&entelor $!re !l$!t*ies$ t*rn*l rin
le"!t*ri s*li&ent!rer o!te $on+*$e l! !!riti! *nor efort*ri i&ort!nte
?ro4o$!te +e 4!ri!tiile +e te&er!t*r!@. De !$$e!3 +!$! $on+itiile f*n$tion!le si
str*$t*r!le er&it3 ele&entele +e s*stinere !le t*rn*rilor se e>e$*t! in+een+ent
+e !)in*l +e !!. Asi"*r!re! i)ol!rii eretilor si !si"*r!re! +el!s!rii
in+een+ente intre re)er4or si t*rn se re!li)e!)! $* &!teri!le ,i+rof*"e intre
eretele !)in*l*i si inel*l +e s*stinere ! $os*l*i. Uneori inel*l +e s*stinere !
$os*l*i in+elineste si rol*l +e erete l!ter!l !l re)er4or*l*i ?teren +e f*n+!re $*
t!s!ri re+*se@.
/o&t&onara ba&nulu& &n ra)ort (u turnul d ra(&r
1 – inel*l +e f*n+!tie !l $on*l*i t*rn*l*i8 # – s$,elet*l +e s*stinere !l t*rn*l*i3 re4!)*t $*
"ol*ri +e !+&isie ! !er*l*i8 % – eretele t*rn*l*i8 – !)in*l +e !!8 ; - !r"il!
L! t*rn*rile +e for&! $ilin+ri$!3 re!li)!re! !)inelor in+een+ente +e
str*$t*r! s*nt +ifi$il +e otin*t. In !$est $!)3 st!lii $!re s*stin $os*l !tr*n+ in
interior*l !)in*l*i +e !! si re!)!&! e r!+ier*l re)er4or*l*i. In $!)*l in $!re
teren*rile +e f*n+!tie s*nt sl!e3 st!lii +e s*stinere se ot e>e$*t! in+een+ent
+e r!+ier*l re)er4or*l*i3 fiin+ re4!)*ti $* f*n+!tii rorii. Rost*l $re!t in +ret*l
lo$*l*i in $!re st!l*l st!!te r!+ier*l se et!nse!)! $* i)ol!tie ,i+rof*"!3
!si"*r!n+*-se in !$est &o+ +el!s!re! lier! ! $elor +o*! $onstr*$tii3 f!r! $!
f*n$tion!re! re)er4or*l*i s! fie $o&ro&is!.
).). SCHELETUL DE SUSTINERE AL COSULUI ).). SCHELETUL DE SUSTINERE AL COSULUI
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
inel!r! $ontin*!3 e $!re re!)e&! &ont!ntii s!* +i!"on!lele s$,elet*l*i $* "ol*ri
$e s*stin $os*l. Inel*l s*erior le!"! ele&entele s$,elet*l*i $* "ol*ri si f!$e $or
$o&*n $* eretele $os*l*i.
Imb&nara s(+ltulu& d sust&nr (u tal)a d 'undat&
).,. COSUL TURNULUI ).,. COSUL TURNULUI
Cos*rile t*rn*rilor +e r!$ire se re!li)e!)! +in eton !r&!t t*rn!t &onolit
s!* +in ele&ente ref!ri$!te &onoliti)!te rin e>e$*t!re! *nor i&in!ri *&e+e
s!* !s!&l!te rin re$o&ri&!re.
or&! "eo&etri$! ! $os*rilor t*rn*rilor +e r!$ire o!te fi $ilin+ri$!3tron$oni$!3 ris&!ti$!3 tron$oir!&i+!l! s!* ,ieroloi+ +e rot!tie.
Form (osur& la turnur& d ra(&r d&n bton armat monol&t-
! – $ilin+ri$3 f!r! ner4*re8 – $ilin+ri$3 $* ner4*ri8
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
$ – $ilin+ri$3 $* e4!)!re in )on! inferio!r!8 + – ,ieroloi+ +e rot!tie
COSURI DIN BETON AR*AT *ONOLIT
A$este $os*ri se ot re!li)! +e for&! $ilin+ri$!3 tron$oni$! s!* ,ieroloi+
+e rot!tie.
Cosur&l (&l&ndr&( !* !4!nt!9*l $! ot fi re!li)!te *tili)!n+ $ofr!9e
"lis!nte. De)!4!nt!9*l t*rn*rilor $* $os $ilin+ri$ !!re +in ne$esit!te! e4!)!rii
)onei inferio!re ! t*rn*l*i3 in $!re s*nt +is*se "ol*rile entr* !+&isi! !er*l*i.
Initi!l3 l! ri&ele $os*ri $ilin+ri$e +in eton !r&!t3 tre$ere! +e l! se$ti*ne!
$os*l*i rori*-)is l! se$ti*ne! t*rn*l*i $!re !+!osteste inst!l!ti! +e r!$ire3 s-!
re!li)!t rin inter&e+i*l *nei $*ole se&isferi$e. In !$est $!) !$e!st! $*ol!
este re4!)*t! l! !rte! inferio!r! $* *n inel soli$it!t l! $o&resi*ne e $!re
re!)e&! eretii $ilin+ri$i !i $os*l*i rori*-)is3 inst!l!ti! +e r!$ire ! !ei fiin+
$onstr*it! s* !$ee!si $*ol!.
Cos*l +e for&! $ilin+ri$! o!te re)e&! si e $onstr*$ti! inferio!r! !
t*rn*l*i3 re!li)!t! ris&!ti$! s!* $ilin+ri$!3 rin inter&e+i*l *n*i inel $oni$ s!*
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
+ire$t e teren rin inter&e+i*l *nor st!li $!re se sri9in! e r!+ier s!* e
f*n+!tii rorii str!!t!n+ r!+ier*l.
Cos*l rori*-)is se e>e$*t! $* "rosi&e $onst!nt!3 +eter&in!t! +e
*tili)!re! $ofr!9elor "lis!nte. Pentr* ! se otine *n !se$t !r,ite$t*r!l &!i l!$*t3
eretii $os*l*i ot fi re4!)*ti $* ner4*ri $e ot !4e! !ort si $! ele&ente +e
re)istent!3 "rosi&e! l!$ii in !$est $!) *t!n+ fi re+*s!. A$e!st! sol*tie este &!i
+ifi$il! +in *n$t +e 4e+ere !l e>e$*t!rii l*$r!rilor.
Peretii $os*rilor $ilin+ri$e se !r&e!)! $* o rete! +*l! o)ition!t! sre
interior si sre e>terior3 in 4e+ere! i&*n!t!tirii $o&ort!rii l! fis*r!re ! eretilor
soli$it!ti +ef!4or!il +e efe$t*l 4!ri!tiilor &!ri +e te&er!t*r! ro4enite +in
e>lo!t!re! t*rn*l*i. Ar&!t*r! inel!r! ! $os*rilor $ilin+ri$e re)*lt! in "ener!l
$onstr*$ti43 &!i $* se!&! !t*n$i $!n+ eretii se e>e$*t! $* $ofr!9e "lis!nte si
"rosi&e! &ini&! este +e 1;$&. S-!* re!li)!t si t*rn*ri +e r!$ire $* for&! *sor
$oni$!3 folosin+ $ofr!9e "lis!nte.
Cosur&l &n 'orma d +&)rbolo&d d rotat& rere)int! sol*ti! $e! &!i
!4!nt!9o!s! entr* t*rn*rile +e &!re $!!$it!te3 $* to!te $! in !$est $!) n* se
ot *tili)! $ofr!9e "lis!nte. A$este t*rn*ri se re!li)e!)! rin *tili)!re! $ofr!9elor
refolosiile !l$!t*ite +e re"*l! +in !no*ri &!ri i&in!te intre ele +*! +ire$ti!"ener!to!relor re$tilinii !le s*r!fetei ,ieroloi+*l*i +e rot!tie. or&!
,ieroli$! e>$l*+e ne$esit!te! e4!)!rii )onei inferio!re $!re !+!osteste
inst!l!ti! +e r!$ire ! !ei. In !$est $!)3 eretele $os*l*i f!$e $or $o&*n $*
eretele $e !$oer! inst!l!ti!.
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
Ral&ara )rtlu& (osulu& &n (ont&nuara s(+ltlu& d sust&nr
In re!li)!re! $os*rilor +e tir!9 ,ieroli$e se o!te f!$e si $* !9*tor*l
$ofr!9elor !sito!re. Pentr* +eser4ire! e$,iei $!re re!li)e!)! eton!re! este
ne$es!r! o inst!l!tie +e ri+i$!t +e &!re $!!$it!te. Se *tili)e!)! o &!$!r! – t*rn
$* r!t ori)ont!l3 !n$or!t! +e % *n$te fi>e +in interior s!* +in e>terior3 in f*n$tie
+e in!lti&e! t*rn*l*i. 2!$!r!*! se !&l!se!)! fie in $entr*l t*rn*l*i +e r!$ire3 fiein i&e+i!t! !roiere3 !stfel in$!t $* r!t*l e>tensiil s! o!t! !$oeri si $el &!i
in+e!rt!t *n$t !l !n)ei ,ieroli$e ?l! t*rn*ri +e r!$ire &!i &i$i@.
D!$! &!$!r!*! este !&l!s!t! in $entr*3 entr* e4!$*!re! ei +*!
+e&ont!re3 este ne$es!r! l!s!re! *n*i s!ti* lier intre st!lii in$lin!ti3 e4ent*!l
rin ne&ont!re! *n*i st!l s!* $,i!r ! *nei ere$,i.
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
In!inte +e &ont!re! inst!l!tiei +e !sire3 e "rin+! inel!r! se efe$t*e!)!
*r&!to!rele oer!ti*ni<
- re"!tire! rost*l*i +e l*$r* +e l! s*r!f!t! s*erio!r! ! "rin)ii3 rin
*$i!r+!re3 s!l!re3 s*fl!re si $*r!t!re! +e r*"in! ! &*st!tilor +e
!r&!t*r!.- &ont!re! ri&elor !re +e !r&!t*r! !le $os*l*i +e tir!9 si s*+!re! $elor
4erti$!le +e &*st!tile +in "rin+! inel!r!.
Inst!l!ti! +e !sire se !s!)! e o)iti! t*rn!rii ri&*l*i inel3 +e!s*r!
"rin)ii inel!re3 re)e&!t! e s$,ele &et!li$e !&l!s!te e !&ele !rti !le "rin)ii
inel!re.
Intr-o o)itie ! inst!l!tiei +e !sire3 se o!te eton! *n inel $o&let3 +e
'0-1#0$& in!lti&e ?in f*n$tie +e ti*l set*l*i +e $ofr!9e@ s!* +o*! se&iinele3 +e
$!te ;-0$&. Aro4i)ion!re! $* eton tre*ie !stfe or"!ni)!t! in$!t s! !si"*re
eton!re! *n*i inel $o&let e )i.
Po)iti! e ,ieroloi+ ! fie$!r*i inel se st!ileste si se 4erifi$! l! fi>!re!
in$lin!rii &ont!ntilor3 l! &ont!re! $ofr!9elor3 in!inte si +*! eton!re3 rin
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
o in+e!rt!re! t*t*ror !rtilor +et!s!ile ?eton ne!+erent3 !"re"!te
liere3 r!f et$@
o s!l!re
- &ont!re! !r&!t*rii ori)ont!le ?si ! !relor noi +in $e! 4erti$!l!@
- 4erifi$!re! o)ition!rii !r&!t*rii si e4ent*!l ! iselor +e in"lo!t
- &ont!re! +ist!ntierilor +intre !r&!t*ri si $ofr!9e
- 4erifi$!re! r!)ei l! $!!t*l s*erior !l &ont!ntilor
- *n"ere! foilor +e $ofr!9 $* De$ofrol
D*r!t! intrer*erii eton!rii intre +o*! inele s*$$esi4e n* tre*ie s!
+e!se!s$! inter4!l*l +e ti& +intre +*r!t! eton!rii *n*i inel si # +e ore3 si 4!
ser4i efe$t*!rii oer!tiilor +e !sire si re"!tire! &ention!te &!i s*s. D!$!
intrer*ere! este &!i l*n"!3 rost*l +e l*$r* tre*ie tr!t!t s*li&ent!r3 rin
*$i!r+!re3 in!inte +e rel*!re! eton!rii.
Co&!$t!re! eton*l*i t*rn!t se f!$e +e referint! $* l!&! 4ir!nt!
intro+*s! rintre l!sele +e !r&!t*r!.
D*! +e$ofr!re! inel*l*i inferior3 tre*ie l*!te i&e+i!t *r&!to!rele &!s*ri<
- 4erifi$!re! st!rii s*r!fetelor re)*lt!te
- !st*!re! "!*rilor r!&!se +e l! *lo!nele +intre &ont!nti- re$tifi$!re! s*r!fetelor3 rin +e!4*r!re3 !st*!re! !l4eolelor3 $,it*ire si
$ore$t!re! )onelor $* se"re"!ri3 $* *tili)!re! *nor &!se +e s!$l*.
A4!n+ in 4e+ere f!t*l $! eton*l t*rn!t in $os*l +e tir!9 se +e$ofre!)! in!inte
+e &!t*ri)!re! l*i3 el tre*ie rote9!t i&otri4! *s$!rii3 rin<
- !$oerire! $* &!teri!le +e rote$tie ?folii s*sen+!te@3 s!*:si
- *+!re! $ontin*! s!* erio+i$!
COSURI DIN ELE*ENTE /REFABRICATE
Siste&*l ref!ri$!t ! !!r*t $! o !ltern!ti4! ! $el*i &onolit in 4e+ere!
eli&in!rii $ons*&*l*i i&ort!nt +e &!noer! si &!teri!l entr* $ofr!9e. Sol*tiile
$ele &!i &o+erne s*nt $onstit*ite tot +e $os*rile in for&! +e ,ieroloi+ +e
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
rot!tie3 e>e$*t!te +in !no*ri &!ri s!* +in retele +e "rin)i e $!re re!)e&!
!no*rile ref!ri$!te si $os*rile e>e$*t!te +in ele&ente ref!ri$!te !s!&l!te
rin re$o&ri&!re.
In !&ele $!)*ri !rte! inferio!r! ! t*rn*l*i ?s$,elet*l +e s*stinere si
re)er4or*l@ se e>e$*t! +in eton !r&!t &onolit.
Et!ele rin$i!le in re!li)!re! siste&*l*i ref!ri$!t s*nt<
- e>e$*t!re ele&ente ref!ri$!te $*re s* for&! +e olt!ri8
- tr!nsort!re! olt!rilor e s!ntier8
- !s!&l!re! olt!rilor in inele ref!ri$!te $* !r&!t*ri inel!re
retension!te8
- &ont!re s*r!*s! ! inelelor otin*te $* !9*tor*l &!$!r!lelor e
ne*ri8
- !s!&l!re e 4erti$!l! ! inelelor rin re$o&ri&!re.
olosire! !$est*i siste& re)int! &!i &*lte !4!nt!9e< e +e o !rte este
si&lit!te! re!li)!rii3 e +e !lt! !rte3 se re)ol4! +o*! role&e rin$i!le<
re$o&ri&!re! ?inl!t*r!re! osiilit!tilor +e fis*r!re@ si re!li)!re! *nor il!stri in
e>terior $!re !si"*r! o for&! !r,ite$toni$! l!$*t!. Pil!strii s*nt folositi3 +e f!t3
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
entr* intro+*$ere! !r&!t*rilor retension!te 4erti$!le3 $!re er&it !s!&l!re!
ele&entelor e in!lti&e.
Pref!ri$!tele *tili)!te s*nt re!li)!te in for&! +e $l!4o*ri s!* +e !no*ri
+in $!re se !l$!t*ies$ retele s!ti!le.
D!$! se re!li)e!)! t*rn*ri $ilin+ri$e ele&entele ref!ri$!te s* for&! +e
$l!4o*ri rere)int! o sol*tie !4!nt!9o!s! rin folosire! *n*i sin"*r ti +e
ref!ri$!t. (!)in*l +e !! !re for&! $ilin+ri$! si $onstr*$ti! +e s*stinere !
$os*l*i este !l$!t*it! +in st!li +in eton !r&!t &onolit $!re str!!t r!+ier*l
!)in*l*i +e !!3 fiin+ re)e&!ti e o "rin+! +o+e$!"onl! sit*!t! s* r!+ier.
Utili)!re! $l!4o*rilor entr* t*rn*rile ,ieroli$e re)int! +e)!4!nt!9*l
re!li)!rii *nor ele&ente ref!ri$!te l! $!re *nele fete s*nt tesite entr*
er&itere! re!li)!rii for&elor ,ieroli$e. Le"!t*r! intre ref!ri$!te se
re!li)e!)! rin inter&e+i*l st!lisorilor t*rn!ti +*! $ele +o*! f!&ilii +e +rete
$!re "enere!)! s*r!f!t! t*rn*l*i si $* !9*tor*l !r&!t*rilor tr!ns4ers!le inel!re
+is*se intre $l!4o*ri. Pentr* ri"i+i)!re se ot *tili)! si inele &onolite +is*se l!
+iferite in!lti&i. L! !rte! s*erio!r! ! t*rn*l*i3 st!lisorii si $l!4o*rile s*nt le"!ti
$* o $ent*r! +in eton !r&!t &onolit. S*r!f!t! nete+! interio!r! se otine in
$!)*l t*rn*rilor +in $l!4o*ri rin ten$*ire! s!* tor$ret!re! eretilor. A$est in4elis
interior $o&lete!)! rost*rile3 eli&in!n+ rin !$e!st! osiilit!te! enetr!rii4!orilor insre e>terior si !si"*r! toto+!t! rote$ti! eton*l*i +in $l!4o*ri.
Un !lt siste& entr* t*rn*rile ,ieroli$e ref!ri$!te il rere)int!
*tili)!re! !no*rilor ref!ri$!te ro&e+ri$e s!* tri*n",i*l!re. Astfel3 +in inel*l
s*erior !l s$,elet*l*i +e s*stinere e>e$*t!t &onolit s*nt l!s!te +*! +ire$ti!
"ener!to!relor re$tilinii !le ,ieroloi+*l*i3 l! +ist!nt! e"!l! $* l!ti&e!
!no*rilor3 &*st!ti +in otel eton +e - ; & l*n"i&e. Intre !$este &*st!ti se
&onte!)! !no*rile ref!ri$!te ro&oe+ri$e. D*! soli+!ri)!re! !r&!t*rii
lon"it*+in!le $* &*st!tile l!s!te +in eretii !no*rilor se to!rn! ner4*rile
$ores*n)!to!re ri&*l*i r!n+ +e ref!ri$!te. 2*st!tile lon"it*+in!le s*nt
rel*n"ite $* !lte !re lon"it*+in!le s.!.&.+. !n! l! re!li)!re! inte"r!l! !
t*rn*l*i. L! !rte! s*erio!r! !no*rile ref!ri$!te si rete!*! +e ner4*ri s*nt
soli+!ri)!te rintr-*n inel &onolit. Ner4*rile !stfel $onstr*ite3 i&re*n! $*
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
!no*rile ?$!re s*nt soli+!ri)!te rin &*st!tile l!s!te in eretii !no*rilor
ref!ri$!te@3 !l$!t*ies$ str*$t*r! +e re)istent! ! $os*l*i +e for&! *n*i
,ieroloi+ +e re4ol*tie.
O sol*tie &!i si&l! o $onstit*ie ele&entele ref!ri$!te lini!re +is*se
+*! "ener!to!re re$tilinii si inele ori)ont!le for&!n+ o rete! tri*n",i*l!r!
s!ti!l!. Ele&entele s*nt !s!&l!te +*! *n*l +in siste&ele *tili)!te l!
$onstr*$tiile l!&el!re. Gol*rile $re!te +e ele&ente se $o&lete!)! $* l!$i l!ne
s*tiri ref!ri$!te. Str*$t*r! +e re)istent! otin*t! este &!i ri"i+! re)int!
+efor&!tii in ti& &!i &i$i si !re o $!!$it!te +e re)istent! &!i &!re.
O !lt! sol*tie !4!nt!9o!s! entr* t*rn*ri ref!ri$!te o rere)int! folosire!
!no*rilor &!ri $* ner4*ri. A$este siste&e s*nt *tili)!te +e re"*l! l! t*rn*ri
ris&!ti$e3 !no*rile fiin+ in !$est $!) +ret*n",i*l!re. L! !$este t*rn*ri se
!+ot! +e re"*l! tir!9*l fort!t.
Pentr* $or*rile tron$oir!&i+!le se foloses$ !no*ri &!ri l!ne s*
for&! tr!e)oi+!l!.N*&!r*l +e ti*ri +e !no*ri in !$est $!) ins!3 se &!reste si3
+in !$est &oti43 siste&*l este r!r folosit.
T*rn*rile s* for&! +e tr*n$,i +e $on s*nt r!tion!le +in *n$t +e 4e+ere
f*n$tion!l3 ele fiin+ r!$or+!te rintr-*n inel &onolit si $onstr*ite +in !no*ri &!ri
$* ner4*ri.
Turnur& (u )ro'&l var&ab&l ) &nalt&m, d&n )r'abr&(at-
!– ,ieroli$ +in $l!4o*ri8 – ,ieroli$ +in !no*ri8 $ – tron$oni$ +in $l!4o*ri
T*rn*rile +e r!$ire se ot re!li)! folosin+ !t!t eton &onolit $!t si
ele&ente +in eton ref!ri$!t.
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
Pentr* re!li)!re! s$,elet*l*i +e s*stinere ! $os*l*i t*rn*l*i se ot folosi
st!li ref!ri$!ti 3 !$esti! *r&!n+ ! fi fi>!ti si eton!ti in "rin+! inel!r!.
An(orara stal)&lor &n(l&nat& )r'abr&(at& &ntal)a d 'undat& &nlara
*onol&t&ara &mb&nar&&
Grin+! inel!r! +e +e!s*r! st!lilor in$lin!ti *r&e!)! ! se re!li)! +ineton &onolit. A$e!st! !re rol*l +e in$!str!re ! st!lilor l! !rte! s*erio!r! !
!$estor! si +e s*ort entr* $ofr!9*l $e 4! fi folosit entr* $os*l +e tir!9.
Str*$t*r! interio!r! +e re)istent! este "!n+it! entr* !si"*r!re! !se)!rii
si:s!* !"!t!rii siste&elor f*n$tion!le !le t*rn*l*i +e r!$ire. Pe "rin)ile str*$t*rii
interio!re 4or fi !se)!te siste&ele +e +istri*tie si +isersie ! !ei in t*rn.
A$e!st! str*$t*r! +e re)istent! o!te fi re!li)!t! inte"r!l +in ele&ente
ref!ri$!te ?st!li si "rin)i@.
Fundat&& stal)& )r'abr&(at& *ontar stal)& )r'abr&(at&
).1. IZOLAREA PERETILOR COSULUI ).1. IZOLAREA PERETILOR COSULUI
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
O i&ort!nt! +eoseit! in re!li)!re! t*rn*rilor +e r!$ire tre*ie !$or+!t!
n* n*&!i re!li)!rii str*$t*rii +e re)istent! +!r si ! rote$tiilor ,i+rof*"e si
!nti$oro)i4e.
In ti&*l f*n$tion!rii3 s*r!fetele t*rn*rilor +e r!$ire s*nt in er&!nent
$ont!$t $* !! $!l+!3 4!ori3 !! +in $on+ens3 !er $* *&i+it!te +e 1007 si no>e
!"resi4e +in !t&osfer! ol*!t! in+*stri!l +in )on! !&l!s!&ent*l*i.
A! re$ir$*l!t! rin t*rn*l +e r!$ire este in "ener!l +e+*ri)!t! i!r rin
!tr*n+ere! in eton*l +in str*$t*r! e>terio!r!3 i&re*n! $* no>ele !t&osferi$e3
il +e"r!+e!)!.
In !$este $on+itii re)*lt! ne$es!r! re!li)!re! e s*r!fetele $os*l*i +e
tir!9 ! *nor rote$tii ! eton*l*i $!re s! !si"*re o *n! $o&ort!re in ti& si
$,elt*ieli &ini&e +e intretinere.
Al$!t*ire! siste&elor +e rote$tie 4! fi +iferit! e s*r!fetele +e eton !le
t*rn*rilor +e r!$ire<
= e s*r!f!t! interio!r!3 $!re este s* !$ti*ne! $ontin*! ! 4!orilor si
!ei $!l+e3 este ne$es!r! o ,i+roi)ol!tie et!ns!8
= l! e>terior3 s* !$ti*ne! so!rel*i3 re$iit!tiilor si no>elor !t&osferi$e3
este ne$es!r! o rote$tie !nti$oro)i4!3 $!re s! er&it! resir!ti! eton*l*i3
rese$ti4 e4!$*!re! *&i+it!tii +in interior*l eton*l*i.Pri&! &!s*r! !+ot!t! in 4e+ere! rote9!rii eretilor t*rn*l*i +e r!$ire o
rere)int! ti*l +e eton $!re *r&e!)! s! fie folosit. A$est eton 4! !4e! o
er&e!ilit!te ri+i$!t! si o re)istent! l! &ini&*& 1;0 $i$l*ri in",et-+e)",et.
Con+itiile +e e>lo!t!re ! t*rn*rilor +e r!$ire +eter&in! e>istent! *nei
&!ri +iferente +e *&i+it!te ! !er*l*i intre s*r!fetele $os*l*i +e tir!9 si i&li$it o
ten+int! +e tr!4ers!re ! eton*l*i +e $!tre !! ?li$,i+! s!* 4!ori@3 in$!r$!ti $*
!"enti ol*!nti3 $* +e"r!+!re! tret!t! ! eton*l*i rin !t!$!re! $,i&i$! ! ietrei
+e $i&ent ?s*lf!t!re3 $or!n!t!re et$@ si ! !r&!t*rii.
Pentr* i&ie+i$!re! !tr*n+erii *&i+it!tii +in interior*l t*rn*l*i +e r!$ire in
eton3 e f!t! interior! ! $os*l*i +e tir!93 re"!tit! in re!l!il3 se !li$! o
,i+roi)ol!tie +in &!i &*lte str!t*ri3 re)istent! l! !"resi4it!ti $,i&i$e se$ifi$e.
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
Siste&*l +e rote$tie tre*ie s! in+eline!s$! *r&!to!rele $on+itii &ini&e
+e +*r!ilit!te<
- !+erent! l! s*r!f!t! s*ort8
- et!nseit!te – i&er&e!ilit!te l! !! li$,i+! si 4!ori8
- re)istent! l! !! $!l+! ?!n! l! ;0oC@3 r!)e *ltr!4iolete3 "!)e
in+*stri!le8
Pentr* ,i+roi)ol!re! s*r!fetei interio!re ! t*rn*rilor +e r!$ire se foloseste
*n siste& +e rote$tie +in r!sin! eo>i+i$! *r!3 l*s *n str!t s*li&ent!r
oli*ret!ni$ +e!s*r! +i!&etr*l*i &ini&3 in )on! insorit!.
Prote$ti! !nti$oro)i4! $e se !li$! e e>terior*l $os*l*i +e tir!9 si !l
st!lilor in$lin!ti !re rol*l +e ! i&ie+i$! !tr*n+ere! *&i+it!tii +in re$iit!tii si !
no>elor +in !t&osfer! in eton si +e ! er&ite iesire! *&i+it!tii +in eton3 +e$i
resir!ti! !$est*i!. Con+itiile te,ni$e e $!re tre*ie s! le in+eline!s$! !$est
siste& +e rote$tie s*nt *r&!to!rele<
- !+erent! l! s*r!f! +e eton8
- et!nseit!te – i&er&e!ilit!te l! *&i+it!te +insre e>terior8
- er&e!ilit!te! l! *&i+it!te +insre interior8
-
re)istent! l! r!)e UV si "!)e in+*stri!le8In!inte! !li$!rii rote$tiilor e s*r!fetele +e eton !le t*rn*rilor +e
r!$ire3 tre*ie rest!ilit! $ontin*it!te! s*ort*l*i rin $*r!t!re3 tr!t!re! fis*rilor si
e4ent*!l !li$!re! *nor lo&e.
Pentr* $*r!t!re! s*r!fetei +e +e*neri3 eton +e"r!+!t3 ne!+erent3 r!f
et$.3 se 4! !$tion! $* erii &e$!ni$e3 rin s!l!re $* nisi $*!rtos s!* $*
inst!l!tii +e s!l!re $* !! ?l! resi*ne +e B00!ri@.
S*r!f!t! e $!re *r&e!)! ! fi !li$!t! i)ol!ti! tre*ie s! fie nete+!3
$ontin*! ?f!r! fis*ri3 +eni4el!ri3 !4*ri3 se"re"!ri s!* !lte +efe$te +e t*rn!re !
eton*l*i@ si $*r!t! ?lisit! +e !!3 +e*neri3 4e"et!tie3 r!f s!* !lte i&*rit!t!ti@.
A$e!st! s*r!f!t! tre*ie s! fie $*r!t! si *sor !seri)!t!. Aserit!te! ne$es!r!
!li$!rii siste&*l*i +e rote$tie +eter&in! &o+*l +e $*r!t!re. Us$!re! s*r!fetei
este oli"!torie entr* !si"*r!re! !+erentei. S*r!f!t! interio!r! re"!tit! entr*
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
!li$!re! ,i+roi)ol!tiei tre*ie s! !i! o *&i+it!te +e &!> ;73 i!r $e! e>terio!r!3
B73 4!lori $e tre*ie 4erifi$!te $* *&i+o&etre +e s*r!f!t!. Inter4!l*l +e ti&
intre re"!tire! s*r!fetelor si !li$!re! ri&*l*i str!t +e rote$tie tre*ie s! fie
$!t &!i &i$ ?&!> % ore@.
Ali$!re! rote$tiilor ,i+rof*"e se re!li)e!)! &e$!ni)!t3 rin *l4eri)!re
$* istol*l $* !er $o&ri&!t3 $* te,nolo"ii se$ifi$e +e e inst!l!tii se$i!le +in
$!+r*l te,nolo"iilor rese$ti4e s!* +e e n!$ele s*sen+!te +e $oron!&ent si
!n$or!te ri"i+ +e *n$te fi>e in fie$!re o)itie +e l*$r*.
Ali$!re! i)ol!tiei se f!$e in *r&!to!rele $on+itii +e &e+i* !&i!nt<
- $on$entr!ti! $!t &!i re+*s! ! "!)elor !"resi4e8
- *&i+it!te rel!ti4! ! !er*l*i s* /078
- te&er!t*r! intre ; si %;oC3 l! *&r!8
- 4!nt s* ;&:s.
CAPITOLUL ,CAPITOLUL ,
CONCLUZII CONCLUZII
D*! $*& s-! re)ent!t in !"inile !nterio!re3 t*rn*rile +e r!$ire s*nt
$onstr*$tii se$i!le ! $!ror +i&ension!re se f!$e in f*n$tie +e +eit*l +e !!
re$ir$*l!t! $!re *r&e!)! ! fi r!$it! si +e n*&!r*l +e "r!+e $* $!re tre*ie
s$!)*t! te&er!t*r! ei.
C! si $!stelele +e !!3 t*rn*rile +e r!$ire s*nt $onstr*$tii i)ol!te $!re !* o
in!lti&e &!re in r!ort $* $onstr*$tiile in4e$in!te3 $onstit*in+ !+eseori *n
ele&ent +o&in!nt in $o&le>*l in+*stri!l in &i9lo$*l $!ror! s*nt !&l!s!te. Din
!$est &oti43 l! roie$t!re! t*rn*rilor +e r!$ire tre*ie s! se !i! in 4e+ere
ne$esit!te! re!li)!rii *nor for&e !r,ite$toni$e l!$*te3 $!re ins! tre*ie &!stfel
!lese in$!t s! n* +!*ne)e !s*r! role&elor te,nolo"i$e si +e re)istent! !le
t*rn*l*i. In $ee! $e ri4este re)ol4!re! role&elor !r,ite$toni$e3 +ifi$*lt!te!
$!re !!re l! roie$t!re! t*rn*rilor +e r!$ire $onst! in !$ee! $! rofil*l lor3
+eter&in!t +e $onsi+erente f*n$tion!le3 n* se rete!)! *nor for&e esteti$e.
Dintre rofilele !li$!te l! $onstr*$ti! t*rn*rilor +e r!$ire3 for&! +e ,ieroloi+ +e
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
re4ol*tie rere)int! o sol*tie $!re s!tisf!$e &!i ine +e$!t !lte for&e3 o+!t! $*
$erintele te,nolo"i$e si e $ele !r,ite$t*r!le.
In $ee! $e ri4este re!li)!re! t*rn*rilor +e r!$ire3 re)er4or*l se e>e$*t!
+o!r +in eton !r&!t &onolit3 in ti& $e s$,elet*l +e s*stinere si $os*l +e tir!9 se
ot re!li)! si +in ele&ente ref!ri$!te.
Pentr* ! e4it! +ifi$*lt!tile int!&in!te l! e>e$*ti! t*rn*rilor +in eton
!r&!t &onolit3 +!torit! $ons*&*l*i i&ort!nt +e &!teri!l le&nos ne$es!r
$ofr!9*l*i si es!fo+!9*l*i s-! re$*rs3 in roortie inse&n!t!3 l! folosire!
ele&entelor ref!ri$!te +in eton !r&!t entr* e>e$*ti! $os*rilor t*rn*rilor.
!I!LIOGRA2IE !I!LIOGRA2IE
1. A"ent R!+*. "etoda aproxima#iilor succesive aplicat$
in static$ %i alte probleme similare. (*$*reti. E+it*r! te,ni$!
1'';
#. A4r!&3 C3 &rin'i continue.(*$*reti3E+it*r! te,ni$F31';0.
(ele A*rel. (utremurul %i construc#iile. (*$*reti.
I&ri&eri! N!Gion!lF 1'-1%. C&i"i*3AI . i Vernes$*3 P. Aplica#ii ale teoriei
elasticit$#ii )n construc#ii. (*$*reti3 E+it*r! te,ni$F3 1';;.
-. H!n"!n3 2. (onstruc#ii de beton armat. (*$*reti3 E+it*r!
te,ni$F3 1'%
;. H!n"!n3 2. !eton armat, construc#ii industriale. (*$*reti3
E+it*r! te,ni$F3 1';B
. 2r*3 O. *tructuri din beton armat. E+it*r! Instit.
olite,ni$ Ti&io!r!3 1'.
/. S!,!no4si3 C3 V. (onstruc#ii din beton armat ?tr!+. +in l. r*s!@. (*$*resti3
E+it*r! Te,ni$!3 1';/.
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ASPECTE TEHNOLOGICE PRIVIND REALIZAREA TURNURILOR DE RACIRE
B. A. 2i,*l3 C. Leonte. (urs de beton armat %i construc#ii de beton
armat, +oi. II. (alculul %i alc$tuirea elementelor din beton armat.
(*$*reti3 E+it*r! +i+!$ti$F i e+!"o"i$F3 1'%.
'. A. 2i,*l3 (onstruc#ii speciale din beton armat. (*$*reti E+it*r! +i+!$-
ti$F i e+!"o"i$F3 1'.
10. T*rn*ri ,ieroli$e +e r!$ire3 Te)! +e +o$tor!t3 I!si3 1'/%