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Turning at Intersections
• Right Turn• Approach to Intersection• Communication• Target Areas• Path of Travel• Line of Sight• Speed Adjustment• Lane Position• Turning Reference Point• Courtesy Considerations
T – 4.18
Topic 3 Lesson 1
Target
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Turning at Intersections
• Left Turn• Approach to Intersection• Communication• Target Areas• Path of Travel• Line of Sight• Speed Adjustment• Lane Position• Turning Reference Point• Courtesy Considerations
Topic 3 Lesson 1
T – 4.19
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Lane ChangesTopic 3 Lesson 2
Visual checks for lane change to the RIGHT.
Visual checks for lane change to the LEFT.• Traffic Check• Effective
Communication • Appropriate Gap • Reduced-Risk
Decision• Courtesy
Considerations• Steering Input • Lane Position• Recheck Traffic• Establish Space
• check zones ahead (zones 1 and 2)• check zones to the rear (zones 4 and 6)
• check zones ahead (zones 1 and 3)• check zones to the rear (zones 5 and 6)
BLINDSPOT
BLINDSPOT
T – 4.20
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Rear-View Mirror Setting
Rear-View Mirror
T – 4.21
Topic 3 Lesson 2
Traditional and Contemporary (BGE) Mirror Setting
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Rear Mirror View
Right Side Mirror View
Left Side Mirror View
Traditional Mirror Settings
T – 4.22
Topic 3 Lesson 3
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Contemporary (BGE) Mirror Settings
Rear Mirror View
Right Side Mirror View
Left Side Mirror View
15º
15º
T – 4.23
Topic 3 Lesson 3
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Turning AroundTopic 4 Lesson 1
T – 4.24
• Check traffic flow.
• Signal and position the vehicle 2-3 feet from curb.
• Drive beyond the driveway and stop.
• Shift to Reverse, monitor intended path of travel.
• Back slowly, turning steering wheel rapidly to the right as you enter driveway.
• Straighten wheels, centering car in driveway and stop with the wheels straight.
• Signal left and exit driveway when the way is clear.
Back into driveway on right side
Two-Point Turns
• Approach• Communication• Target Areas• Path of Travel• Line of Sight
• Reference Points• Speed Control• Lane Position • Courtesy Considerations
1
2
3
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Turning AroundTopic 4 Lesson 1
T – 4.25
• Check traffic flow.• Signal and position your vehicle 3-6 inches from
center yellow line.• When traffic is clear, pull into the driveway and
stop.• Shift to Reverse, monitor intended path.• Back slowly, turning steering wheel rapidly to
the right as you exit driveway.• Straighten wheels, centering car in proper lane.• Shift into Drive. Check traffic and accelerate to
normal speed.
• Reference Points• Speed Control• Lane Position • Courtesy Considerations
• Approach• Communication• Target Areas• Path of Travel• Line of Sight
Two-Point Turns
Pull into driveway on left side
1
2
3
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Turning AroundTopic 4 Lesson 1
T – 4.26
• Approach• Communication• Target Areas• Path of Travel• Line of Sight
124
35
Three-point Turn
NOTE: The safest way to change direction is to drive around the block!
•References•Speed Control•Lane Position•Courtesy Considerations
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T – 4.27
Angle ParkingTopic 5 Lesson 1
Parking at a 30 Degree Angle to the Curb
Signal intention and position vehicle 3-5 feet from the space in which the vehicle is to be parked. Move forward until the steering wheel is aligned with the first pavement line. Visually target the middle of the parking space and turn the wheel sharply at a slow, controlled speed. Steer toward the target in the center of the space to straighten the wheels and stop when the front bumper is 3-6 inches from the curb.
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Perpendicular ParkingTopic 5 Lesson 1
Parking at a 90 Degree Angle to the Curb
T – 4.28
Signal intention and position the vehicle 5 – 6 feet away from the space.
Move forward until the driver’s body is aligned with the first pavement line.
Visually target the center of the parking space and turn the wheel rapidly while controlling speed.
Steer towards the target and straighten the wheels.
Position the front bumper 3 – 6 inches from the curb.
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Parallel ParkingTopic 5 Lesson 1
T – 4.29
Parking Parallel to the Curb
Select a space that is at least five feet longer than your vehicle. Flash your brake lights and put on your turn signal as you approach the space. Monitor the traffic to the rear. Place your vehicle 2 – 3 feet from the vehicle you want to park behind with back bumpers even. Put your vehicle in Reverse. Back slowly and turn the steering wheel sharply. Stop when your steering wheel is aligned with the back bumper of the front vehicle. Continue backing slowly while steering sharply in the opposite direction. Use quick glances to the front and rear. Center the vehicle in the space. Wheels should be 6 – 12 inches from the curb.
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Hill Parking
Down Hill
T – 4.30
Topic 5 Lesson 1
When parking on a hill, you need to take special precautions to ensure your vehicle will not roll into the street and into traffic.
Up Hill + Curb
Up Hill - Curb •Approach
•Communication•Target Areas•Path of Travel•Line of Sight•Speed Adjustment•Lane Position•Reference Points•Courtesy Considerations
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Processing Information
T – 5.2
Topic 1 Lesson 1
• SEARCH for objects or conditions;
• EVALUTE the path ahead for alternate paths of travel; and
• EXECUTE any needed adjustments in speed or position in Time
Visibility is critical to the SEEiT Space Management System
More detailed information on SEEiT system may be reviewed in Module 4.
The driver must:
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Field of Vision
T – 5.3
Topic 1 Lesson 2
90 percent of driving decisions are based on information gathered with the eyes.
Area a Driver Can See While Looking Straight Ahead
Peripheral Vision
Central Vision
Focus Vision
Motion & Color Changes
Targeting
(Reading Signs)
Viewing Path of Travel
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Search PracticesTopic 1 Lesson 2
Where to search involves identifying objects or conditions that increase your level of risk and adjusting your speed or vehicle position in time to minimize these risks.
When to search involves systematically scanning the driving environment. The defensive driver constantly monitors the conditions around the vehicle, especially before initiating any maneuver
How to search involves looking in a pattern that goes from 20 – 30 seconds ahead of the vehicle to the dashboard, as well as to the left, right, and to the rear of the vehicle.
T – 5.4
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Searching
Position of Vehicle
Speed of Vehicle
T – 5.5
Topic 1 Lesson 2
Looking for Clues from Other Drivers
Actions of the Driver
Distractions
• Cell Phone
• Passengers
Lost
Impaired
Vehicle Signals• Turning• Backing• Hazard Lights• Hand Signals
Headlights
Horn
Brake Lights
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Managing Visual SearchesTopic 1 Lesson 2
T – 5.6
Search far ahead to identify potential conflicts• Objects in Path of Travel
• Limitations to Line of Sight
20- to 30-Second Search Area
Target Area
20- to 30-sec. 12- to
15-sec.4- to 8-sec.
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Managing Visual SearchesTopic 1 Lesson 2
T – 5.6a
Search for Closed or Changing Path of Travel
Identify an Alternate Path of Travel or a Safe Stopping Zone
Evaluate Open Zones to the Sides and Rear
12- to 15-Second Search Area
20- to 30-sec.
12- to 15-sec. 4- to 8-
sec.
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Managing Visual Searches
4- to 8-Second Search Area• Immediate Path of Travel
• Direct Response Area
• Stopping Zone and Following Interval
T – 5.7
Topic 1 Lesson 2
20- to 30-sec.
12- to 15-sec.
4- to 8-sec.
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Determining Following Intervals
Two second following interval at speeds less than 35 mph
•allows the driver time to steer out of problem areas on dry surfaces
•designed for use if there is an alternate path of travel
T – 5.8
Topic 1 Lesson 2
Four second following interval at speeds up to 65 mph
•allows the driver time to steer out of problem areas on dry surfaces
•allows the driver time to stop before problem areas on dry surfaces
Alternate Path of Travel
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• Traffic Controls
• Motor Vehicles
• Non-Motorized Users
• Roads
Visual Search Categories
T – 5.9
Topic 1 Lesson 3
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Intersections
Processing Highway Conditions
Roadway Structure•Width•Curbing•Curves•Slopes
Roadway Surface•Roughness•Slick•Wet Leaves•Mud•Sand
Roadway Features
•Shoulders
•Affixed Objects
•Adjacent Buildings
Atmosphere
•Illumination
•Glare
•Precipitation
•Wind/Noise
T – 5.10
Topic 1 Lesson 3
Highway
Conditions
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Processing TRAFFIC CONTROL Devices
Signs•Regulatory•Warning •Guide•RR
Signals
•Stop/Go
•Lane Usage
•Flashing
T – 5.11
Topic 1 Lesson 3
Interchanges
Roadway Markings•Passing•Traffic Flow•Crosswalks
Unmarked Intersections
Sensory Input to the Brain
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Motor Vehicles
Road Handling Characteristics
Type•Automobile
•SUV
•Camper
•Pick-up
•Motor Home
•Motorcycle
•Farm Machines
•Tractor-Trailer
T – 5.12
Topic 1 Lesson 3
Drivers must understand the handling characteristics of other motor vehicles sharing the roadway.
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Non-Motorized Users…
• KIND AND SIZE
• NUMBERS
• AGE OF RIDER
• ACTIVITY
• RIDER ABILITY
In-Line Skates,Skateboards
Pedestrians
Bicycles
T – 5.13
Topic 1 Lesson 3
present special processing challenges
Animals
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Positioning the VehicleTopic 1 Lesson 4
T – 5.14
Vehicle Placement is Critical for Establishing a Good Visual Field
Controlling Space to the Front
Lane Position
Staggered Stops
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Maintaining Space/Visibility to the Front
T – 5.14a
Topic 1 Lesson 4
Three ways to control space in front of the vehicle:
1. Time your Arrival – adjust speed early to avoid unnecessary braking, stops, and to conserve fuel
2. Forward Placement at an Intersection – maintain a position that allows you to monitor the intersection
3. Following Interval -- control space while in motion to establish a space cushion and open line of sight
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Lane Position
Create Space and Improve Visibility by Adjusting the Position of the Vehicle in the Lane
Lane Positions – 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
T – 5.15
Within Lane Positions Straddle Lane Positions
Topic 1 Lesson 4
LP 3
LP 2
LP 4
LP 5
LP 1
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Staggered Stops
Stop your vehicle (RED car) behind the white stop bar
Select Lane Position 3 to give the truck as much space as possible
T – 5.16
Topic 1 Lesson 4
Improving Visibility and Creating Space for a Truck Making a Left Turn