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Turkish Capital MarketsJune 2020
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23
2
Turkish Capital Markets Association
Investment Institutions
Structure of the Turkish Financial Markets
Turkish Capital Markets
Investor Profile
CONTENTS
15
45
3
68
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STRUCTURE OF THE TURKISH CAPITAL MARKETS
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CAPITAL MARKETS BACKGROUND
4
1982: Capital Markets Board established.1985: Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) established. 1992: Takasbank (Settlement & Custody Bank) established. 1995: Istanbul Gold Exchange (IGE) established.1997: Banks are forbidden to trade equities. 2001: Association of Capital Markets Intermediary Institutions of Turkey established.
Central Registry Agency established. Investors' Protection Fund established. 2002: Private pension system introduced. 2005: IFRS adopted for financial intermediaries and listed companies.
Turkish Derivatives Exchange (TurkDex) established. Dematerialization of equities completed.
2006: Dematerialization of corporate bonds & mutual funds completed.2009: Automated Disclosure Platform introduced.
Istanbul International Financial Centre strategy announced.2011: Forex regulation passed.2012: New Capital Markets Law passed.
ISE demutualised and merged with Istanbul Gold Exchange under Borsa Istanbul.2013: Borsa Istanbul announced strategic partnership with Nasdaq.
Borsa Istanbul and TurkDex merged.2014: The structure of the Association has changed and the membership base was expanded to
cover asset management companies and investments trusts, in addition to brokerage firms and banks. The name of the Association was revised to Turkish Capital Markets Association.
2015: Takasbank introduced the Electronic Fund Distribution Platform - TEFAS.Borsa Istanbul introduced new trading platform - BISTECH.
2016: TCMA arbitration committees established.Turkey Wealth Fund established
2017: Auto-enrollment in the private pension system introduced.
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REGULATORY STRUCTURE OF THE FINANCIAL MARKETS
5
Capital Markets Insurance
Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BRSA)
Capital Markets Board (CMB)Insurance and Private Pension
Regulation and Supervision Agency
-Banks’ Association of Turkey -Participation Banks’ Association of Turkey-Association of Financial Institutions
-Banks-Participation Banks-Savings Deposit Insurance Fund-Leasing Companies-Factoring Companies
-Consumer Finance Companies-NPL Management Companies-Payment Companies-Electronic Money Companies-Rating, Audit Firms
-Financial Holding Companies
-Turkish Capital Markets Association-Borsa Istanbul-Turkish Appraisers Association
-Banks-Brokerage Firms-Asset Management Firms-Investment Trusts-Central Registry Agency
-Settlement and Custody Bank-Capital Markets Licensing and Training Agency-Investor Compensation Center-Public and Listed Companies
-Rating, Appraisal, Audit Firms
-Insurance Association of Turkey
-Insurance Companies-Pension Companies
Banking
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CAPITAL MARKET INSTITUTIONS IN TURKEY
6
Rating Co.
Ind. Audit Co.
Settlement & Custody Bank (Takasbank)
Capital Markets Board
Banks Brokerage Firms
Inv. Trusts
Asset Mgmt. Co.
TCMA(SRO)
Borsa Istanbul
Central Registry Agency
Public Co.
Listed Co.
Licensing and Training Agency
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CAPITAL MARKETS BOARD
7
• Capital Markets Board (CMB) is the main regulatory and
supervisory authority for the securities markets and institutions
in Turkey.
• The Board is responsible for the protection of rights and
interests of investors.
• The CMB’s jurisdiction areas:
o Primary markets,
o Secondary markets,
o Investment services.
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BORSA ISTANBUL
8
• Borsa Istanbul, formerly named as Istanbul Stock Exchange, was established in
1985.
• The exchange was demutualised in 2013.
• The exchanges operating in Turkey, namely Istanbul Stock Exchange, Istanbul
Gold Exchange and the Turkish Derivatives Exchange merged under the roof of
Borsa Istanbul.
• European Investment Bank (EIB) acquired 10% share in 2015. Turkey Wealth
Fund acquired Nasdaq’s 7% stake in Borsa Istanbul in 2018, and EIB’s 10%
stake in 2019.
• The main markets and the traded securities on Borsa Istanbul are:
o Equity Market: Shares, rights coupons, ETFs, warrants, certificates, real estate funds.
o Debt Securities Market: Government bonds, corporate bonds, asset backed securities,
Islamic bonds, repo-reverse repo transactions, Turkish eurobonds, money market and
swap transactions.
o Derivatives Market: Single stock, equity index, gold, currency, commodity, overnight
repo, metal, ETF and power futures. Single stock, currency, equity index and mini index
options.
o Precious Metals and Diamond Market: Gold, silver, platinum and palladium.
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TAKASBANK (ISTANBUL SETTLEMENT AND CUSTODY BANK)
9
• Takasbank was established in 1988 as a department of Borsa Istanbul. It was
incorporated as a separate company in 1992 and became a non-deposit taking bank
in 1995.
• Takasbank is:
o The clearing and settlement centre for Borsa Istanbul,
o The central counterparty for Borsa Istanbul Futures & Options, Debt Securities,
Equities, Money and Swap markets
o The national numbering agency of Turkey.
• Takasbank operates the Securities Lending & Borrowing Market and Takasbank
Money Market, and acts as CCP in those markets
• It offers clearing and central counter party services for Turkish Lira IRS (Interest
Rate Swap) and OIS (Overnight Index Swap) contracts in OTC markets
• It serves as a custodian to private pension system.
• It operates the Electronic Fund Distribution Platform (TEFAS).
• It records leveraged transactions and handles collateral management as an
authorized trade repository institution.
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MERKEZI KAYIT ISTANBUL – CSD OF TURKEY
10
• Merkezi Kayit Istanbul – CSD of Turkey was established in 2001 as a
private company.
• It is the only central depository for all dematerialized capital market
instruments.
• The dematerialization process is completed for equities, mutual funds,
corporate bonds, warrants, certificates, asset backed securities,
government debt holdings (excluding investment institutions), real
estate sertificates and electronic warehouse receipts.
• Operates the Public Disclosure Platform.
• Runs various electronic services for investors and public companies such
as; Investor Notification and Alert System (eCAS), Companies
Information Portal (e-Company), Electronic General Assembly (e-GEM),
corporate management and investor relations portal (e-Governance) or
Electronic Warehouse Receipt Center (e-Warehouse).
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INVESTOR COMPENSATION CENTRE
11
• Investors’ Protection Fund, which covered equity settlement
obligations, was established in 2001.
• Investor Compensation Centre replaced the Investors’
Protection Fund in 2013 with the renewed Capital Market Law.
• It covers settlement obligations of all capital market
instruments, up to TL 217,801 (~$ 36,000) in 2020, in case of
liquidation or bankruptcy of investment institutions.
• All investment institutions have to be a member of the Investor
Compensation Centre.
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ACTIVITIES OF INTERMEDIARIES
12
• Equity Trading*
• Leveraged FX trading
• Public Offering*
• Asset Management
• Investment Consultancy
• Fixed Income Trading
• Derivatives Trading (exc. equity-linked
products for banks)BANKS
BROKERAGE
FIRMS
*Authorized activities for Investment Banks
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TYPES OF BROKERAGE FIRMS
13
Market
Makers
Execution
Brokers
Introducing
Brokers
• execution of orders from their
own account by positioning their customers as counterparty
• minimum capital: TL 28.7 mn.
• execution of orders of in the name
of customers and/or their own account
• offering custody services
• minimum capital: TL 11.5 mn.
• reception of orders and
transfer them to other brokers
• minimum capital: TL 2.3 mn.
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ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES
14
Portfolio Management Companies
Real Estate/Venture Capital
Portfolio Management Companies
• May establish stock, bond,
balanced mutual funds
• Mn. capital required varies btw. TL 2.9 million and TL
14.4 million depending on AUM.
• May establish only real
estate or venture capitalinvestment funds
• Mn. capital required varies
btw. TL 1.4 million and TL 7.2 million depending on AUM.
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TURKISH CAPITAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION
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TCMA
16
• TCMA is the self-regulatory professional organization in the
Turkish capital markets.
• Brokerage firms, banks, asset management companies, and
investment trusts are members of the Association.
• Founded in April 2001 according to the Capital Markets Law.
• Membership base expanded in 2014 with new law.
• Membership is mandatory.
• Under CMB supervision
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MEMBERS
17
88 80 78 74 73
4344 44 44 44
5250 56
54 52
4848 49
49 49
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020/06
Investment Trusts Asset Management Firms Banks Brokerage Firms
221227
222218
231
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AIMS
18
• Contribute to the development of the capital market
• Meet the collective needs of members and facilitate solidarity
among its members,
• Prevent unfair competition between its members,
• Enhance know-how in the sector.
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FUNCTIONS
19
• Establish code of ethics for the profession,
• Establish professional rules and regulations,
• Conduct research,
• Offer educational programs,
• Assist in the resolution of disputes,
• Cooperate with related foreign institutions,
• Engage in financial literacy activities.
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ORGANISATION
20
Chairman(Board of Directors)
Secretary General
Assistant Secretary General
DisciplineCommittee
Board of Auditors
Research & Statistics
Information Technologies
Corporate Communications
TrainingCompliance & Surveillance
Legal Affairs
Human Resources,
Administrative & Financial Affairs
Assistant Secretary General
Membership Affairs
Assistant Secretary General
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INTERNATIONAL MEMBERSHIPS
21
• Asia Securities Forum (ASF) member since 2009.
• OECD International Network on Financial Education (INFE) affiliate
member since 2015.
• International Council of Securities Associations (ICSA) member since
2006.
• International Forum for Investor Education (IFIE) member since 2009.
International Forum for Investor Education/Asia Chapter founding
member since 2010.
• International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) affiliate
member since 2003.
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PARTICIPATIONS
22
CENTRAL REGISTRY AGENCY
• 5% stake
• one seat at the board of directors, out of 8 members
BORSA ISTANBUL
• 1.3% stake
CAPITAL MARKETS LICENSING & TRAINING AGENCY
• 49% stake
• 2 seats at the board of directors, out of 7 members
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TURKISH CAPITAL MARKETS
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BIST-100 INDEX & TRADING VOLUME
24
Source: Borsa Istanbul
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
0
25,000
50,000
75,000
100,000
125,000
150,000
01-1
7
02-1
7
03-1
7
05-1
7
06-1
7
08-1
7
09-1
7
11-1
7
12-1
7
01-1
8
03-1
8
04-1
8
06-1
8
07-1
8
09-1
8
10-1
8
11-1
8
01-1
9
02-1
9
04-1
9
05-1
9
07-1
9
08-1
9
10-1
9
11-1
9
Trading Volume BIST-100 bn. TLPoint TL
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MARKET CAPITALIZATION OF BORSA ISTANBUL (BILLION TL)
25
Source: Borsa Istanbul
555 614 880 795
1,109
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
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BREAKDOWN OF BORSA ISTANBUL MARKET CAPITALIZATION
26
Source: Borsa Istanbul
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Technology
Financials
Services
Industrials
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CONCENTRATION IN THE EQUITY MARKET (MCAP)
27
Source: Borsa Istanbul
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
1-10 11-25 26-50 51-100 100+
No. of Equities
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13,002
6,191
24,097
185
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000
NYSENasdaq OMX
TokyoShanghai
Hong KongEuronext
London GroupShenzhen
TMXSaudi Arabia
BSE IndiaNSE IndiaDeutsche
SwissAustralia
South KoreaOMX Nordic
TaiwanBrazil
JohannesburgSpain
MoscowThailand
MexicoMalaysia
TehranPhilippinesOslo Bors
Tel AvivSantiago
Borsa IstanbulQatar
HoChiMinhWarsaw
Colombia
5,106
DOMESTIC MARKET CAPITALIZATION (2019, BILLION $)
28
Source: WFE
Rank: 31 (out of 71)
Total: $ 90,3 trillion
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25%
0% 50% 100% 150%
Hong KongSaudi Arabia
JohannesburgSwiss
TaiwanTMX
TokyoNYSE
MalaysiaOMX Nordic
AustraliaEuronextThailandJamaica
South KoreaLondon Group
QatarPhilippinesBSE IndiaNSE India
BahrainTehran
SantiagoBarbados
BrazilOslo Bors
Tel AvivNasdaq OMX
MauritiusSpain
LuxembourgCasablancaHoChiMinh
New ZealandDeutsche
MoscowLima
ColombiaShanghai
MaltaCroatiaMexico
AmmanAthens
Borsa IstanbulPanama
ShenzhenWarsaw
KazakhstanMuscat
1,314%309%273%255%208%
MARKET CAPITALIZATION/GDP (2019)
29
Source: WFE, IMF
Rank: 45
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349 336 336 343 344
6869
66 6264
15 13 9 9 4
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Real Estate/Venture Capital Investment Trusts/Funds ETF Other Equities Equities
430414 411 414 412
NUMBER OF SECURITIES IN THE EQUITY MARKET
30
Source: Borsa Istanbul
Equities: BIST Main+BIST Star
Other Equities: BIST Emerging Companies, Watchlist,
Pre-Market Trading Platform,
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5,0823,7083,4133,1403,036
379
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500
BSE IndiaTokyo
TMXNasdaq OMX
SpainHong Kong
London GroupNYSE
South KoreaShenzhenAustralia
NSE IndiaShanghaiEuronext
OMX NordicTaiwan
MalaysiaWarsaw
TaipeiSingapore
ThailandIndonesiaDeutscheTel Aviv
Borsa IstanbulHoChiMinh
HanoiTehranBrazil
BangladeshBangladesh
ColomboSantiago
SwissPhilippines
NUMBER OF LISTED COMPANIES (2019)
31
Source: WFE
Rank: 25
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EQUITY TRADING VOLUME OF BORSA ISTANBUL (BILLION TL)
32
Source: Borsa Istanbul
1,026 1,014
1,468
1,9932,129
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
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350
0 2,000 4,000 6,000
Nasdaq OMXNYSE
BATS USShenzhenShanghai
TokyoBATS Chi-x Europe
London GroupHong Kong
South KoreaEuronext
TMXDeutscheNSE India
BrazilAustralia
TaiwanSwiss
OMX NordicSpain
ThailandBorsa IstanbulJohannesburg
TaipeiSaudi Arabia
MoscowSingaporeIndonesiaMalaysia
Oslo BorsBSE India
MexicoTel AvivTehran
HoChiMinh
39,68315,432
7,81511,28813,150
EQUITY TRADING VOLUME (2019, BILLION $)
33
Source: WFE
Rank: 22 (out of 77)
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305%222%
189%
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%
ShenzhenNasdaq OMX
TaipeiBorsa Istanbul
ShanghaiSouth Korea
London GroupTokyoBrazil
TaiwanAustraliaThailand
NYSEDeutsche
TMXNSE India
SpainAthens
IranSwiss
OMX NordicHong KongBangladesh
Oslo BorsJohannesburg
HoChiMinhTel Aviv
EuronextHungaryMalaysiaWarsawMoscow
EgyptBuenos AiresNew Zealand
331%
TURNOVER RATIO (EQUITY TRADING VOLUME/MARKET CAPITALIZATION - 2019)
34
Source: WFE
Rank: 4
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SECURITIES LENDING/BORROWING IN BORSA ISTANBUL (BILLION TL)
35
Source: Takasbank
5.6
7.4
13.0
14.2
22.0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
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SHORT SELLING IN BORSA ISTANBUL
36
Source: Borsa Istanbul
178 170 184 185 135
17%17%
13%
9%
6%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
52
56
60
64
68
72
76
80
84
88
92
96
100
104
108
112
116
120
124
128
132
136
140
144
148
152
156
160
164
168
172
176
180
184
188
192
196
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Short Selling Volume (bn. TL)
Share in Total Volume
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MARGIN TRADING
37
Source: TCMA
1.5 1.5 2.1 1.8 2.8
9,585 9,390
10,67012,101 11,895
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Outstanding Loan Size (bn. TL) No. of Contracts
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FUTURES TRADING VOLUME OF BORSA ISTANBUL
38
Source: Borsa Istanbul, TurkDex
567 580 829 1,249 1,401
88100
139
232
389
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Futures Trading Volume (bn. TL)
No. of Contracts (million)
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1,392,947
314,373244,897
241
0 5,000 10,000 15,000
Chicago Mercantile…ICE (Europe)
Saint PetersburgDeustche Boerse
ASXBM&F Bovespa
LME-LondonShanghai FE
Tokyo SEHong Kong
CFFEX- ChinaKoreaOsaka
NSE-IndiaTAIFEX
OMX NordicTaiwan Futures…
Asia-PasificMoscow
MCX-IndiaSpain
JohannesburgBSE India
Zhengzhou CEBorsa IstanbulMalasysia DE
Dubai Gold and…Mexica
ArgantinaWarsaw
98,39746,30926,91717,366
TRADING VOLUME IN FUTURES MARKETS (2019, BILLION $)
39
Source: WFE WFE Total: $ 2,229 trillion
Rank: 25 (out of 37)
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NUMBER OF LISTED CORPORATE BONDS IN BORSA ISTANBUL
40
Source: WFE
464519
662611
511
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
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8,5616,6023,166
511
0 500 1,000 1,500
ShanghaiSouth Korea
London GroupDeutscheNSE IndiaShenzhen
MoscowBuenos Aires
TaipeiSwiss
PanamaTel Aviv
ColombiaHong Kong
Borsa IstanbulOMX Nordic
LimaBrazil
TunisiaKazakhstanCosta Rica
WarsawColombo
New ZealandHungaryMauritius
IranCasablanca
NigeriaTehran
HoChiMinhMuscat
LjubljanaMalaysia
Egypt
11,386
2,6201,540
NUMBER OF LISTED CORPORATE BONDS (2019)
41
Source: WFE
Rank: 15
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INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS
42
Source: Borsa Istanbul
119 343 1,254 5,419 263
6
2
3
9
6
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
IPO Volume (mn. TL) No. of IPOs
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EQUITY FINANCING
43
Source: Borsa Istanbul
0.1 0.31.3
5.4
0.3
2.0 1.6
3.8
9.6
6.1
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
SPO + Rights Issue (bn. TL)
IPO (bn. TL)
6.3
2.1 2.0
5.1
15.0
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CORPORATE DEBT SECURITIES ISSUANCE
44
Source: Borsa Istanbul *Excludes private placement
80 90 130 179 210
621
760
1,217
1,3851,330
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Issuance (bn. TL)
No. of Corporate Bonds Issued
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INVESTMENT INSTITUTIONS
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FIXED INCOME TRADING VOLUME OF INTERMEDIARIES (BILLION TL)
46
Source: Borsa IstanbulExcluding Central Bank and Takasbank
942
1,1251,027
1,095 1,146
117
184
196
193194
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Brokerage Firms
Banks1,391
1,059
1,3081,223
1,289
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REPO-REVERSE REPO TRADING VOLUME OF INTERMEDIARIES (BILLION TL)
47
Source: Borsa IstanbulExcluding Central Bank and Takasbank.
14,70013,546
6,177 5,512
21,688
1,6141,331
1,1771,138
5,659
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Brokerage Firms Banks
16,315
14,877
7,3546,650
27,346
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EQUITY TRADING VOLUME OF INTERMEDIARIES (BILLION TL)
48
Source: Borsa Istanbul
2,052 2,027
2,773
3,6263,906
163
361
354
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Banks Brokerage Firms 3,987
4,260
2,936
2,0272,052
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FUTURES TRADING VOLUME OF INTERMEDIARIES (BILLION TL)
49
Source: Borsa Istanbul Excluding Central Bank
1,131 1,154
1,628
2,424
2,684
5 4
6
31
74
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Banks
Brokerage Firms
2,803
1,135 1,160
1,658
2,499
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FOREX TRADING VOLUME (BILLION TL)
50
Source: TCMA
9,546
12,245
4,667 4,494 4,121
7,459
9,604
3,9125,211
3,610
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Liquidity Provider
Client
7,731
9,7058,578
21,850
17,005
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CONCENTRATION IN TRADING VOLUMES (2019)
51
Source: Borsa Istanbul, TCMA
64%68% 65%
79%
21%
24%
21%
17%15%
7%14%
3%
Equity Fixed Income Futures Forex (Customer)
51+ 21-50 11-20 1-10No. of Intermediaries
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TOP 10 MEMBERS IN THE MARKETS (2019)
52
Source: Borsa Istanbul, TCMA
Equity Market Futures Market
1 YAPI KREDİ YATIRIM 12% 1 YAPI KREDI YATIRIM 16%
2 MERRILL LYNCH 8% 2 IS YATIRIM 11%
3 İŞ YATIRIM 8% 3 GARANTI YATIRIM 8%
4 AK YATIRIM 7% 4 QNB FINANS YATIRIM 6%
5 GARANTİ YATIRIM 7% 5 TEB YATIRIM 5%
6 GEDİK YATIRIM 5% 6 DENIZ YATIRIM 4%
7 QNB FİNANS YATIRIM 4% 7 AK YATIRIM 4%
8 YATIRIM FİNANSMAN 4% 8 GEDIK YATIRIM 3%
9 A1 CAPITAL YATIRIM 4% 9 TACIRLER YATIRIM 3%
10 DENİZ YATIRIM 4% 10 GCM YATIRIM 3%
Total (billion TL) 4,260 Total (billion TL) 2,803
Fixed Income Market Forex Market (Customer)
1 HSBC BANK 12% 1 AK YATIRIM 18%
2 TÜRKİYE GARANTİ BANKASI 9% 2 İŞ YATIRIM 13%
3 TÜRKİYE İŞ BANKASI 9% 3 INTEGRAL YATIRIM 9%
4 TÜRK EKONOMİ BANKASI 9% 4 GCM 9%
5 YAPI VE KREDİ BANKASI 8% 5 MEKSA YATIRIM 8%
6 AKBANK T. 5% 6 DENİZ YATIRIM 6%
7 ING BANK 5% 7 İNFO YATIRIM 4%
8 JPMORGAN CHASE BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION MERKEZİ COLOMBUS OHIO İSTANBUL-TÜRKİYE ŞB.4% 8 QNB FİNANS YATIRIM 4%
9 CITIBANK 4% 9 A1 CAPITAL YATIRIM 4%
10 AK YATIRIM 4% 10 GEDİK YATIRIM 4%
Total (trillion TL) 1,341 Total (billion TL) 4,121
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NUMBER OF FINALIZED CORPORATE FINANCE DEALS (BROKERAGE FIRMS ONLY)
53
Source: TCMA
608702
1,020
1,2161,14534
90
96
97
113
87
72
80
8875
6
2
4
173
11
15
22
23
19
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Other Financing
Privatization
M&A
IPO&SPO-Equities
Corporate Actions
Other Consultancy
Bond Issuance
1,228
883
746
1,457 1,362
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INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENTS (BILLION TL)
54
Source: Borsa Istanbul, TCMA
37 4459 57
12748 58
80 93
128
0.3
0.3
0.30.4
0.3
21
24
2718
28
1.3
1.1
2.6 1.5
3.0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Venture Capital Inv. Trusts REITs
Investment Trusts Pension Funds
Mutual Funds
169
287
108
128
170
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ASSET MANAGEMENT BY BROKERAGE FIRMS
55
Source: TCMA
1.3 1.3 1.9 2.1 3.8
2,649
3,674
4,0854,331
4,931
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Assets Under Management (bn. TL)
No. of Investors
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ASSET MANAGEMENT BY ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES
56
Source: CMB, TCMA
101 122 158 173 284
2,688
3,082
3,344
3,475
3,388
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Assets Under Management (bn. TL)
No. of Investors
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CONCENTRATION IN PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT FIRMS (2019)
57
Source: TCMA
65%
83% 87%
98%
20%
14% 9%
2%
14%3% 5%
Mutual Funds Pension Funds Discretionary Asset Man. Investment Trusts
10+ 6-10 1-5Number of Asset Management Companies
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58
Source: TCMA
TOP 5 MEMBERS IN PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES (2019)
Mutual Funds Pension Funds
1 İŞ PORTFÖY 21% 1 ZİRAAT PORTFÖY 21%
2 ZİRAAT PORTFÖY 16% 2 AK PORTFÖY 19%
3 AK PORTFÖY 12% 3 İŞ PORTFÖY 17%
4 YAPI KREDİ PORTFÖY 11% 4 GARANTİ PORTFÖY 13%
5 GARANTİ PORTFÖY 6% 5 YAPI KREDİ PORTFÖY 13%
Total (billion TL) 127.4 Total (billion TL) 127.6
Discretionary Asset Management Investment Trusts
1 ZİRAAT PORTFÖY 29% 1 İŞ PORTFÖY 43%
2 AK PORTFÖY 21% 2 METRO PORTFÖY 34%
3 İŞ PORTFÖY 16% 3 HEDEF PORTFÖY 10%
4 AZİMUT PORTFÖY 13% 4 GARANTİ PORTFÖY 6%
5 İSTANBUL PORTFÖY 7% 5 OYAK PORTFÖY 5%Total (billion TL) 28.7 Total (million TL) 644
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BROKERAGE FIRMS’ BRANCH NETWORK
59
Source: TCMA
6,712 9,261 9,361 9,387 9,332
323
310291 289 277
76
59 40 46 64
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Bank Branches Branches Rep. Offices
9,7479,6929,630
7,111
9,722
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BROKERAGE FIRMS’ EMPLOYEES
60
Source: TCMA
3,845 3,735
2,811 2,841 2,844
2,787 2,743
1,940 2,075 2,121
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Male Employees Female Employees
4,9654,9164,751
6,4786,632
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ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES’ EMPLOYEES
61
Source: TCMA
432 445 475 498 474
266 275260
279264
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Male Employees Female Employees
747777
735720
698
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BALANCE SHEET OF BROKERAGE FIRMS (BILLION TL)
62
Source: TCMA
14.2
20.1
21.920.4
25.1
15.3
21.2
23.121.9
27.2
4.0 4.3 4.76.2
7.6
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Current Assets Total Assets Shareholders' Equity
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INCOME STATEMENT OF BROKERAGE FIRMS (MILLION TL)
63
Source: TCMA
2,0012,175
2,510
3,557
4,264
301 332
774
1,422
1,842
433 483
799
1,343
1,728
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Total Revenues Operating Profit Net Profit
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BREAKDOWN OF BROKERAGE FIRMS’ REVENUES (MILLION TL)
64
Source: TCMA
1,332 1,511 1,435
1,928 1,986
89106 302
343900
170164
240
323
344
360358
485
904
967
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Brokerage Commissions Proprietary Trading Profits Corporate Finance
Asset Management Others
4,264
2,001
3,557
2,510
2,175
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BALANCE SHEET OF ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES (MILLION TL)
65
Source: TCMA
472
571
698
863
1,034
507
609
740
918
1,139
456
552
664
809
982
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Current Assets Total Assets Shareholders' Equity
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INCOME STATEMENT OF ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES (MILLION TL)
66
Source: TCMA
296
347
439
524
666
88105
165188
290
91111
165
232
336
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Total Revenues Operating Profit Net Profit
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BREAKDOWN OF ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES’ REVENUES (MILLION TL)
67
Source: TCMA
177211
282358
48891
99
12199
108
4
4
4
5
4
22
20
24
32
51
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Discretionary Asset Mgmt. Fund SalesFinancial Advisory Investment Trust Mgmt.Pension Fund Mgmt. Mutual Fund Mgmt.
499
434
337
294
656
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INVESTOR PROFILE
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BREAKDOWN OF TOTAL SAVINGS (BILLION TL)
69
Source: BRSA, CRA, TCMA estimates
1,2451,453
1,7112,036
2,567
574
627
734
830
1,145
226
247
355
315
476
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Equities
Fixed Income
Deposits
2,045
2,327
2,800
4,188
3,181
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SAVINGS OF DOMESTIC INVESTORS
70
Source: BRSA, CRA, TCMA estimates
Total Domestic Inv. Savings as of
2019: TL 3.6 trillion
67% 69% 68% 69% 66%
28% 27% 26% 27%29%
5% 5% 5% 4% 5%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Equities
Fixed Income
Deposits
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SAVINGS OF FOREIGN INVESTORS
71
Source: BRSA, CRA, TCMA estimatesTotal Foreign Investors’ Savings as of
2019: TL 591 bn
26% 27% 27%33% 32%
30% 28% 25%
22%17%
44% 45% 48% 45%52%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Equities
Fixed Income
Deposits
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NUMBER OF EQUITY INVESTORS
72
(thou.) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Domestic Investors 1,049.2 1,031.3 1,081.3 1,169.2 1,193.7
1,043.5 1,025.9 1,076.1 1,163.3 1,188.1
5.0 4.7 4.6 5.2 4.9
0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7
Foreign Investors 9.8 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.7
6.2 6.2 6.2 6.5 6.6
1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4
2.1 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7
Total 1,059.0 1,040.8 1,090.9 1,178.9 1,203.4
Dom. Individuals
Dom. Corporations
Dom. Institutionals
Number of Equity Investors
Source: CRA
For. Individuals
For. Corporations
For. Institutionals
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BREAKDOWN OF MARKET CAPITALIZATION (BILLION TL)
73
Source: CRA, Borsa Istanbul
85 89 123 111186
141 157
232204
290
329368
525
479
633
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Privately Held
Foreigners' Portfolio
Domestics' Portfolio
1,109
555614
880
795
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SHARE OF FOREIGN INVESTORS
74
Source: CRA, Borsa Istanbul
0%
4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
24%
28%
32%
36%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Share in Free Float Mcap (left) Share in Trading Volume (right)
Vol.MCap
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EQUITY OWNERSHIP ACCORDING TO INVESTOR CATEGORIES
75
Source: CRATotal equity portfolio as of Dec. 2019: TL 476 bn
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
For. Other
For. Corporation
For. Individual
Dom. Other
Dom. Corporation
Dom. Individual
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EQUITY TRADING VOLUME BY INVESTOR CATEGORIES*
76
Source: TCMA *Brokerage firms and investment banks only
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
For. Institutional
For. Corporation
For. Individual
Dom.
Institutional
Dom. Corporation
Dom. Individual
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NUMBER OF CORPORATE BOND INVESTORS
77
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Domestic Investors 135,690 96,771 81,865 77,671 65,998
131,798 93,217 78,954 75,361 64,010
3,197 2,886 2,292 1,660 1,344
695 668 619 650 644
Foreign Investors 1,066 705 622 662 453
1,034 677 594 641 431
24 25 24 18 19
8 3 4 3 3
Total 136,756 97,476 82,487 78,333 66,451
Source: CRA
Dom. Institutionals
For. Individuals
For. Corporations
For. Institutionals
Number of Corporate Bond Investors
Dom. Individuals
Dom. Corporations
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CORPORATE BOND OWNERSHIP ACCORDING TO INVESTOR CATEGORIES
78
Source: CRA Total corporate bond portfolio as of Dec. 2019: TL 93 bn.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
For. Other
For. Corporation
For. Individual
Dom. Other
Dom. Corporation
Dom. Individual
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MUTUAL FUND INVESTORS
79
Source: CRA
38.9 45.1 56.4 52.8 122.7
2.92.9
3.0
2.9
3.0
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
-
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Portfolio Size (bn. TL)
Number of Investors (mn.)
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48.0 60.8
77.8 87.9
127.6
1.8
4.6
8.2
6.0
6.6
PP 6.1
AE 3.3
PP 6.1
AE 4.8
PP 6.1
AE 5.4
-
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
-
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Auro Enrolment - Total Portfolio Size (bn. TL)
Private Pension - Portfolio Size (bn. TL)
UniqueNumber of Investors (mn.)
PENSION FUND INVESTORS
80
Source: PMC
PP: Private pension schemesAE: Auto-enrolment
Portfolio size includes government contributions.
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BREAKDOWN OF FUTURES TRADING VOLUME BY INVESTOR CATEGORIES*
81
Source: TCMA
*Brokerage firms only
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
For. Institutional
For. Corporation
For. Individual
Dom. Institutional
Dom. Corporation
Dom. Individual
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FOREX TRADING VOLUME OF BROKERAGE FIRMS
82
Source: TCMA
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
For. Institutional
For. Corporation
For. Individual
Dom. Institutional
Dom. Corporation
Dom. Individual