Download - TTCP Uninhabited Air Vehicle Systems
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TTCPUninhabited Air Vehicle SystemsPresentation to NDIAPaul Pace Chair AER TP-6
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Thank You for Inviting Me to Palm Springs
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History of TTCP UAV Activity19981999200020012002Pan-TTCP UAVs in the Battlefield WorkshopAER AG-1UAV Systems & TechnologiesJSA AG-8 UAV ConceptsAER TP-6 Uninhabited Air SystemsUAV Concept of Use WorkshopsUAV Technology Assessment WorkshopGlobal Hawk Studies
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AG-8 WorkshopEarlyTacticalStrategicFutureCONOPS?time
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Issues Arising from Pan TTCP UAV ConferenceWhat are the most promising & likely future military applications of UAV technology? (Future CONOPS) What are the technical issues associated with future coalition operation of UAVs? Into what UAV-related technology areas should the TTCP R&D investment be directed?
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AG-8 ApproachHow do we identify UAV Critical Capability Needs and the Critical Technologies likely to solve them?Two ways:(1) Experimental Approach(2) Operational Analysis Approach
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AG-8 ActivityApril, June, Nov 1999 Development of critical technology assessment methodology2000 Global Hawk overflight of Canada (date TBD) May 2000 - Washington DC Pan-TTCP UAV Technology Assessment Workshop.May 2001 - Wrap-up, Adelaide (Observers to Global Hawk overflights of Australia)
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(1) AG-8 Methodology to Determine Critical UAV Technology(2)(3)(4)(5)
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Potential Concepts/CONOPSCapability RequirementsCapability Gaps
Critical TechnologiesTechnology Priorities
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Concepts of Use WorkshopHigh Intensity Conflict ScenarioHunting and killing Surface-to-surface Missile (SSM) systemsHigh Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) UAVUnmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV)Operation Other Than War (OOTW) ScenarioAttacking time critical targetAir Launched UAV (ALUAV) with manned aircraftTactical UAV
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Scenario 1 - High Intensity Conflict(System Concept = HALE + UCAV vs SSM)
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Technology Assessment WorkshopHeld May 16-18, 2000 in Washington DC.46 Military and civilian technical experts from 4 nations.Representation from DREs, Air SP, D Mar Strat, Army Doctrine, NRC.3 syndicates discussing all 4 scenarios.Common themes emerged and clear vision of technology challenges and priorities for R&D.All UAV concepts determined to be of high military value, but cost and risk are high.
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Technology Ratings291615131075543222105101520253035Automatic Target RecognitionRobust Network CommunicationsAutonomous Situational AwarenessAll weather Imaging (Radar, mmWave, Fopen, Bistatic, synthetic presentation)Automatic Mission PlanningSensor Data FusionHyper Spectral Imagery and LADARFlight/Airspace Management and DoctrineSurvivability Technologies and DoctrinesSensor ManagementSystems Integration and OptimizationWeapons GuidanceLow cost Technologies applied to sensors and airframesFlight Control AlgorithmsRed: Significant R&D requiredYellow: Continued R&D will probably get us thereGreen: will happen with minimum investment
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SURVEY BASED ON AUVSI DATA Spring 2003
Chart1
Design (Inc. Propulsion)0.1860465116
Autonomy0.1782945736
Operations0.1705426357
C3 + Networking0.1705426357
Airspace Integration0.0697674419
Sensors + Visualization0.0620155039
Test & Evaluation0.0542635659
Missions0.0465116279
UCAV0.0387596899
HR & Training0.023255814
Occurance
UAV Research Areas
Sheet1
Design (Inc. Propulsion)0.186046511624
Autonomy0.178294573623
Operations0.170542635722
C3 + Networking0.170542635722
Airspace Integration0.06976744199
Sensors + Visualization0.06201550398
Test & Evaluation0.05426356597
Missions0.04651162796
UCAV0.03875968995
HR & Training0.0232558143
129
Sheet1
Occurance
UAV Research Areas
Sheet2
Sheet3
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JSA AG-8 RecommendationsAutomated Target Detection/RecognitionAutomated Mission PlanningAutomated Dynamic Mission and Flight ManagementAll Weather ImagingBattlespace ConnectivityUAVs in Urban Operations
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TTCP AER TP-6 Summary
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The Strategic Technology Drivers for Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Systems Include Autonomy Communication Bandwidth Data and Information Fusion Secondary Strategic Technologies Include Performance (Payload, Range, Maneuverability, Agility) Survivability Affordability Safety Mission Effectiveness Sustainability System
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Research StrategicDirection Autonomy Bandwidth Fusion
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Operational usage topics including roles, aircraft usage and life expectations, operational environments including threats, worldwide conditions, maintenance or other logistic support constraints, etc. Airspace integration issues In-service feedback on design, operation and ownership i.e. capability limitations, cost / manpower drivers, in-field repair needs, reliability /maintainability, ops requirements, etc.
Roles envisaged for r/w UAVs and hence design drivers. Mission requirements drive vehicle design. Provide warfighter requirements for small to micro UAVsPAN AER UAV Guidance RequestsWay Ahead
Pan TTCP UAV Requirements Workshop
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Small/Micro UAVs and Urban Operations
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Allied Participation
Experimentation Support & Cold Weather Field Testing
HNeT neural processing algorithms
Small Observer Program
DRDC, CFEC, CIC
DERA
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Turret see-through panoramic vision
Combination of EO/IR and HRR radar, UAV integration
Automatic target detection recognition and tracking
Enhanced Surveillance System
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Concept of OperationPanoramic ImageNIIRS 3-5NIIRS 6-8 targetTargetmarkedtrackedUAVImage
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Small UAV LAV IntegrationAutomated TargetDetection TrackingRecognition
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Ground Target Identification
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MSTAR SARImagery
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Receiver Operating Conditions (ROC)
Fraction of target images declared targets (Pd) Fraction of confuser images declared targets (Pfa)MSTAR Baseline
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Detection of Humans in IR Imagerytrain HNeT torecognize humansresponse recall
Chart1
10.994041
10.993882
11.00679
10.994792
11.01138
11.00948
11.0005
11.00507
10.981952
10.990894
10.89457
11.0096
10.983922
10.991843
10.989373
10.963908
0-0.0417196
00.0583259
0-0.00132243
00.0335818
00.0778978
00.0091917
00.0788874
0-0.0132196
0-0.051696
0-0.0414466
00.0232522
00.00357389
0-0.00782608
00.308577
0-0.0293045
0-0.0193307
0-0.0673157
00.0170061
00.326276
00.0723337
0-0.0307981
0-0.00949889
00.00956867
00.0288901
0-0.0132946
0-0.0721404
00.0319262
00.0244092
00.00899047
00.00605211
00.0457183
0-0.0165193
00.0544105
0-0.00919093
00.0293822
0-0.0317352
0-0.157161
0-0.0306022
00.0166569
00.0141022
0-0.0360166
00.0335863
00.0219769
0-0.0394587
00.0268018
0-0.0471568
00.0143388
0-0.0110694
0-0.0169528
0-0.0313553
00.0611352
00.00460715
00.0204268
00.0199209
00.154346
00.0104037
00.133018
00.0196603
Sample
Response
IR human results
Desired[1]HNeT[1]Error[1]
10.9940410.00595903
10.9938820.0061183
11.00679-0.00679231
10.9947920.00520825
11.01138-0.0113828
11.00948-0.00948381
11.0005-0.000500798
11.00507-0.00506926
10.9819520.0180476
10.9908940.0091055
10.894570.10543
11.0096-0.00960457
10.9839220.016078
10.9918430.00815749
10.9893730.0106272
10.9639080.0360917
0-0.04171960.0417196
00.0583259-0.0583259
0-0.001322430.00132243
00.0335818-0.0335818
00.0778978-0.0778978
00.0091917-0.0091917
00.0788874-0.0788874
0-0.01321960.0132196
0-0.0516960.051696
0-0.04144660.0414466
00.0232522-0.0232522
00.00357389-0.00357389
0-0.007826080.00782608
00.308577-0.308577
0-0.02930450.0293045
0-0.01933070.0193307
0-0.06731570.0673157
00.0170061-0.0170061
00.326276-0.326276
00.0723337-0.0723337
0-0.03079810.0307981
0-0.009498890.00949889
00.00956867-0.00956867
00.0288901-0.0288901
0-0.01329460.0132946
0-0.07214040.0721404
00.0319262-0.0319262
00.0244092-0.0244092
00.00899047-0.00899047
00.00605211-0.00605211
00.0457183-0.0457183
0-0.01651930.0165193
00.0544105-0.0544105
0-0.009190930.00919093
00.0293822-0.0293822
0-0.03173520.0317352
0-0.1571610.157161
0-0.03060220.0306022
00.0166569-0.0166569
00.0141022-0.0141022
0-0.03601660.0360166
00.0335863-0.0335863
00.0219769-0.0219769
0-0.03945870.0394587
00.0268018-0.0268018
0-0.04715680.0471568
00.0143388-0.0143388
0-0.01106940.0110694
0-0.01695280.0169528
0-0.03135530.0313553
00.0611352-0.0611352
00.00460715-0.00460715
00.0204268-0.0204268
00.0199209-0.0199209
00.154346-0.154346
00.0104037-0.0104037
00.133018-0.133018
00.0196603-0.0196603
IR human results
Sample
Response
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Small UAV Multiple FOV Imaging
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Detection and Identification of Small Targets
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EO PAYLOADS Video Imagery to Ground Control Station HiRes Still Images Stored On Board UAV LoRes Thumbnails (Still Images) to GCS HiRes Image to GCS (~ 5 minutes delay) WWW Dissemination of Images in NRT Fixed Orientation Cameras (with Zoom) LOS: Range & Control Link ~ 60km BLOS: Data & Control Link ~ Iridium
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Basic ApproachGeolocate Emitters using multiple UAVs (This may require multiple types of payloads in a sequenced/scheduled manner)Cue UAV platform fitted with other (EO) sensors to identify.EmitterEmitterEmitterSensor
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TTCP Advanced Sensor Package
real-time processing advanced ATR advanced EO sensor 220 LB payload auto target detection auto target tracking stealth Chem/bio detection acoustic sensor weapons compatible ACN
Good afternoon.
SLIDE 2
As you know, Canada has had a mixed interest in UAV systems over the last 20 years, with the only serious considerations being their use in Army tactical roles. Even that project, UASTAS, has yet to be funded.
UAVs had their beginnings in WW2 and the Vietnam war.UAV technology has progressed rapidly in the last 5 years.
Shorter range tactical UAVs have paved the way for long-range long-endurance strategic UAVs. Yet we in Canada have still avoided any serious consideration of these advanced UAVs and how they may contribute to CF capability.
Now the technical community is developing Unmanned Combat UAVs and thinking of micro UAVs in the future.
In this briefing we will provide a technical overview of a very recent development in UAVs the United States Air Forces High Altitude Endurance UAV Global Hawk.
Through the collaborative opportunities of the TTCP (US, Can, UK, Aus) we have been provided with the opportunity to work with the USAF in a joint experiment involving Global Hawk flying over Canada.
GH is flying but is not yet in production. Global Hawk is what is known as an Advanced Concept Technology Demonstrator. Its development started in 1995 by Defence Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) in response to capability deficiencies identified in the Gulf War, where the field tactical commanders had difficulty obtaining timely intelligence, reconnaissance information and battle damage assessment.
Global Hawk is an example of how technology is changing the modern battlefield.
HNeT was trained on a series of IR images of humans in various scenarios and countertrained against the background and other objects such as the dog. The total number of training images was not very large (only about 30) but the results indicated that all of the humans could be detected with no false alarms. I suspect that this would be typically the case for images similar to the ones shown above. Degraded images or partial obscuration of the human would require additional training. For the above test HNeT was trained on 70% of the data and tested on 30% in a random fashion. On a small sample of this size I was not able to produce a ROC curve. For the above examples, the HNeT cell required only about 50 memory elements and it would be capable of processing thousands of frames per second on a Pentium class machine.The results indicated that further testing is justified. Images from the actual IR camera (at least we should know the specifications of the camera) could be obtained in realistic scenarios and a statistical analysis of the results could be produced.The Aerosonde miniature Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), which has a wingspan of 2.9m, is Australian-made and was the first UAV to fly across the Atlantic Ocean. The UAV was originally designed to take meteorological observations and typically has a flight endurance of more than 30 hours and a range of over 300 km, when flown with its meteorological payload.
Above figure puts payload/endurance/range numbers into geographic perspective. 2kg payload is assumed.The black line represents - when UAV launched from Darwin it canl fly to the black line and remain on station for 12 hrs before returning to Darwin.Similarly for the other lines.