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2018-11-13
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TRIUMF and Nuclear Physics
A.A. Kwiatkowski
Research Scientist
International Peer Review, November 13-15, 2018
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2Is TRIUMF a world-class platform for research excellence?
Nuclear physics program is built around the questions from the Canadian Subatomic Physics Long Range Plan:
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics How do quarks and gluons give rise to the hadronic properties and the phases of
hadronic matter?
How does the structure of nuclei emerge from nuclear forces?
Nuclear Astrophysics How are the elements formed in the Universe?
Precision Tests of Fundamental Interactions What is the nature of physics at the electroweak scale and beyond?
What is the nature of neutrino masses?
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User Radioactive-Ion-Beam Facilities around the world …
NSCL (FRIB)fast beam
60 keV-150 A MeV
Argonnespon. fission
30 keV- 15 A MeV
ISAC-TRIUMF50 kW ISOL + g-ind. fission
10 keV-16.5 A MeV
GSI (FAIR)fast beam
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4TRIUMF’s RIB community is widespread and diverse.
Average oversubscription 2013-17 is 2.35 Proposals are reviewed semi-annually by international experts
(SAP-EEC) as well as technically vetted for feasibility. Proposals and letters of intent guide beam development.
239 users in 2017 35% Canada 29% USA 21% Europe 13% Asia
Users collaborate with local experts on permanent facilities (and can augment with auxiliary detectors) or bring entire setups
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All RIB experiments within Canada occur at ISAC-TRIUMF.
500 MeV
protons
Mass
Separator
Low Energy
60 keV
Target
Medium Energy
1.8 A MeV
High Energy
16.5 A MeV
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High-energy RIB Experiments (10-16.5 A MeV)
500 MeV
protons
Mass
Separator
Low Energy
60 keV
Target
Medium Energy
1.8 MeV/u
High Energy
16.5 MeV/u
Nuclear Astrophysics
Fundamental Interactions
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
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IRIS
Solid hydrogen target
Transfer reactions
Nuclear Astrophysics
Fundamental Interactions
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
C. AndreoiuSFU
A. ChenMcMaster
High-energy experiments focus on reactions & excited states.
P.E. GarrettGuelph
St. Mary’s/TRIUMF
R. Kanungo
M. Alcorta
B. Davids
G. Hackman
R. Kruecken
C. Ruiz
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Nuclear Astrophysics
Fundamental Interactions
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
TIGRESS
In-flight g-ray spectroscopy
+ ancillary detectors/tech.
I. Dillmann
A. Garnsworthy
G. Hackman
R. Kruecken
G. Ball
BAMBINO
DESCANT
DSL
SHARC
SPICE
TIP
High-energy experiments focus on reactions & excited states.
P.E. Garrett
D. Muecher
C. SvenssonGuelph/TRIUMF
C. Andreoiu
K. StarostaSFU
G.F. GrinyerRegina
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High-energy experiments focus on reactions & excited states.
Nuclear Astrophysics
Fundamental Interactions
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
EMMA
Mass analyzer
for reactions
A.B. Garnsworthy
G. Hackman
R. Kruecken
N. Esker
R. KanungoSt. Mary’s/TRIUMF
D. MuecherGuelph/TRIUMF
C. Andreoiu
K. StarostaSFU/TRIUMF
B. Davids
I. Dillmann
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Nuclear Astrophysics
Fundamental Interactions
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
TUDA
Scattering array
Direct reactions
High-energy experiments focus on reactions & excited states.
A. ChenMcMaster
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A. HusseinUNBC
P. Navrátil
C. Ruiz
I. Dillmann
D. Hutcheon
B. Davids
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Medium-energy RIB experiments are tuned for astrophysically important reactions (0.15-1.8 A MeV).
TUDA
Charged-particle
reactions
DRAGON
Gas target
Recoil spectrometer
Nuclear Astrophysics
Fundamental Interactions
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
A. ChenMcMaster
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A. HusseinUNBC
A. Lennarz
B. Davids
P. Navrátil
D. HutcheonC. Ruiz
I. Dillmann
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Low-energy RIB experiments (≤60 keV) access ground-state properties.
Nuclear Astrophysics
Fundamental Interactions
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
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Low-energy RIB experiments access ground-state properties.
Nuclear Astrophysics
Fundamental Interactions
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
GRIFFIN
Decay spectroscopy
+ ancillary detectors
I. Dillmann
A. Garnsworthy
G. Hackman
R. Kruecken
G. Ball
G.F. GrinyerRegina
R. Dunlop
C. AndreoiuSFU/TRIUMF
DESCANT
GPS
K. StarostaSFU
P.E. Garrett
D. Muecher
C. SvessonGuelph/TRIUMF
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Low-energy RIB experiments access ground-state properties.
Nuclear Astrophysics
Fundamental Interactions
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
TITAN
Masses & Q-values
In-trap g-ray spec.
J. Dilling
I. Dillmann
A. Kwiatkowski
E. Dunling
C. AndreoiuSFU/TRIUMF
T. BrunnerMcGill/TRIUMF
G. GwinnerManitoba
R. Thompson
M. WieserCalgary
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Low-energy RIB experiments access ground-state properties.
Nuclear Astrophysics
Fundamental Interactions
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
Laser Spectroscopy
Isotopic shiftsM.R. Pearson
F. BuchingerMcGill
J. CrawfordMcGill
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Low-energy RIB experiments access ground-state properties.
Nuclear Astrophysics
Fundamental Interactions
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
Francium
Isotopic shifts
PNC hunt
J.A. Behr
M.R. Pearson
M. Kalita
G. Gwinner
K. SharmaManitoba
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Low-energy RIB experiments access ground-state properties.
Nuclear Astrophysics
Fundamental Interactions
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
TRINAT
b-n correlations
J.A. Behr
M.R. Pearson
G. GwinnerManitoba
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Efforts extend far beyond ISAC.Nuclear Astrophysics
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
Fundamental Interactions
Theory
ab-initio methods
cEFT
shell model
S. Bacca
P. Navrátil
External experiments
laser spec @ NSCL
g-ray experiments @ - Jyväskylä
- Munich Q3D
- Australia Natl. Univ.
- RIKEN EURICA
RIKEN BRIKEN
bn emittersJ.D. Holt
I. Dillmann
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19Honors & Awards
APS Fellow 2013: P. Navrátil (faculty, theory)
CAP-TRIUMF Vogt Medal 2013: J. Dilling (faculty, TITAN)
NSERC Discovery Accelerator Supplement 2014: I. Dillmann (faculty, nucl.
astro.)
APS Fellow 2017: R. Kruecken (faculty, GRSI)
CAP-TRIUMF Vogt Medal 2018: R. Kanungo (faculty, St. Mary’s-TRIUMF)
APS Francis M. Pipkin Award 2017: J. Dilling (faculty, TITAN)
APS Stuart J. Freedman 2018: A.A. Kwiatkowski (faculty, TITAN)
NSERC Discovery Accelerator Supplement 2018: J.D. Holt (faculty, theory)
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20Top Research Highlights
Destruction of AGB dominated by 26Al(p,g), TUDA, PRL 2015
48Ca skin predicted, theory, Nature 2016
Most precise T½ of a superallowed b emitter, 10C, g-ray spec, PRL 2017
Nuclear force revealed through inelastic proton scattering, IRIS + theory, PRL 2017
Most accurate b-asymmetry measurement, TRINAT, PRL 2018
1st direct 38K(p,g) refines novae nucleosynthesis, DRAGON, PRL 2018
Best structure theory tested with mass measurements, TITAN + theory, PRL 2018
1st heavy-mass transfer reaction @ ISAC on shape co-existence, TIGRESS, PLB 2018
Nuclear Astrophysics
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
Fundamental Interactions
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IRIS + theory determinemagnitude of 3N forces.
• Technical highlight: 1st reaccelerated 10C beam
scattered on solid hydrogen target
• Scientific highlight: 3-body forces achieve qualitative
agreement and correct order of magnitude.
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Neutron-rich nuclei refine our understanding of nuclear theory: Stress testing the shell model
Neutron Number N
TITAN PRL 2012
Theory Nat. Phys.
2016
TITAN + Theory
PRL 2018
𝐹𝐹 48𝐶𝑎
JLab or Mainz
DFTCC
E. Dunling
Nucleons occupy stable configurations (shells)
which may evolve as 𝑍/𝑁 grows unstable.
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First direct 38K(p,g) reaction measurement confronts astronomical abundance observations from novae.
• Technical achievement: highest mass RIB radiative
capture measurement
• Science achievement: 38K(p,g) rate established
Nucleosynthesis uncertainty reduced 250x
DRAGON
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24Publications and Trainees
Publications in Nuclear Physics
Trainees
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
YTD
67 80 54 92 68 41
Trainees
Graduate Students hosted* (2017) 34
Postdocs hosted* (2017) 25
Masters students graduated (2013-17) 29
PhD students graduated (2013-17) 32
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25To what extent has TRIUMF been a benefit to Canadian universities?
TRIUMF provides the resources & expertise required by universities. Infrastructure for large-scale project development
Crucial, interdisciplinary expertise in experimental design & operation for hands-on training
Link to network of international RIB facilities
On-site physicists provide grad-level nuclear science education Local & remote courses offered
TRIUMF Summer Institutes: 2018 Instrumentation & Detection, 2017 Nuclear Astro, 2015 Nuclear Structure & Reactions
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26Is TRIUMF’s proposed 5-year plan appropriate to ensure the continued relevance and success of TRIUMF?
ARIEL combines high-power proton- and electron-induced RIB production from 3 independent targets to enable full multi-user operation
Increases high-impact science, publications, & junior scientists
More beam development, higher purity, and longer beam times
Complementary to FRIB and other fast-beam facilities
Nuclear structure and dynamics
unified theory for all nuclei
halo & dripline nuclei
shell evolution & 3N forces
Nuclear astrophysics
H & He burning
neutron-rich nuclei along r-process path
Precision tests of the fundamental interactions
Francium & radon EDM & PNC experiments
TRINAT b-asymmetry experiment
unitarity of quark-mixing matrix through superallowed b decay
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proton spallation yields in uranium target
r-process path
ARIEL’s multi-user capabilities will empower experiments in nucl. structure, nucl. astrophysics, & fundamental symmetries.
photo-fission yields in uranium target
r-process pathr-process
Fr & Rn EDM & PNC
halo, driplines, &
ab-initio theory
shell evolution
& 3N forces
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TRIUMF delivers on commitments.
Recently completed
• MR-TOF for TITAN
• 8p replaced by GRIFFIN g-ray spectrometer
• DESCANT for GRIFFIN & TIGRESS
• Francium PNC experiment commissioned
• EMMA experiment commissioned
Under development:
• CANREB ready for commissioning
• Active-Target Time Projection Detector
• Si tracker for TIGRESS
• Si detectors for GRIFFIN
• New nuclear structure end station + polarized beams to GRIFFIN
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TRIUMF’s nuclear astrophysics program in the era of multi-messenger astronomy
Nuclear Masses
Reaction Q-values
b-decay half-lives
b-decay branching ratios
g-decay branches
b-delayed neutron strengths
Level Energies
Spins & Parities
Spectroscopic Factors
Elastic Scattering Phase Shifts
Level Lifetimes
Partial Widths
Direct Cross Sections
TITAN
GRIFFIN + SCEPTAR
DESCANT
TUDA, IRIS, GRIFFIN,
TIGRESS
EMMA, IRIS, TUDA,
TIGRESS+SHARC
GRIFFIN +LaBr3 or DSL;
EMMA+TIGRESS+SHARC
DRAGON, TUDA, EMMA
Particle Separation
Energy
Effective Nuclear Lifetimes
Reaction Cross Section
Reaction Flow
in
Stellar Environment
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30Summary
TRIUMF is an international leader in (low-energy) nuclear
science with research spanning nuclear astrophysics,
fundamental symmetries, and nuclear structure, in both theory &
experiment.
Nuclear theory group is world leading.
Experimental facilities are unique & hold many world
records.
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31Summary
TRIUMF hosts a world-leading ISOL facility with highest power, the only one in the Americas
Complementary to FRIB and other fast-beam facilities.
TRIUMF is home to 18 Canadian & international experiments,
and leaders in their fields.
TRIUMF leads large-scale project and detector
developments.
Students receive hands-on training & perform on-site
experiments.
TRIUMF links the Canadian community to world.
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32Five-Year Plan 2020-2025
ARIEL opens up access to more and new isotopes, enabling unprecedented discovery science:
Unified theory of nuclei, evolution of nuclear shells, 3N forces, etc.
Nucleosynthesis from H burning to r-process, multi-
messenger astronomy
Precision tests for physics beyond the Standard Model
Breakthroughs are facilitated through continued interplay
between cutting-edge experiments and theory.
Nuclear Astrophysics
Fundamental Interactions
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
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Thank you!Merci!