Figure 5. Trees planted after disk and furrow opening-(T4)
METHODS The Agroforestry System planted in February of 2011 was the continuation of the erosion
processes stabilization once the vegetation recovery didn’t happen by itself after the stabilization
process. It was the first step to have an silvopastoral system in the area once in the first years the
animals were not allowed to get in the area because of the size of the trees. Corn was planted in
T2- under no tillage system and T3- under conventional tillage (January 2012) and was chosen
because it could feed animalsthat were not allowed to go into the plantation. For the same reason
in 2016 the culture to be planted will be Cajanus cajan. The animal access to the area will be
allowed when the average trees are higher than 2 m. In each dam edge received a different
plantation treatment so tillage, weed control methods and water parameters can be observed
differently. The management agroforestry system adopted in each dam was:
INTRODUCTION After a gully erosion restoration project that took place in the Polo Centro Norte-APTA a research
center, Pindorama, São Paulo state, Brazil. To stop the erosion, four dams and four sunken ponds
were built perpendicular to the erosion direction. The following step to control erosion process and
establish environmental sustainability was to restore the vegetation cover what was done with the
implantation of an agroforestry system that will be converted in a silvopastoral system after
introduction of animals. Due to the presence of native forest the vegetal covering restoration is
being done with a reforestation with native tree species in the spring and a agroforestry system in
the edges of the ponds.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the environmental gains on soil, biodiversity and crops of an agroforestry system
implanted in the Polo Centro Norte, Pindorama, SP, Brazil after four years from plantation.
TREE GROWTH, SOIL ATTRIBUTES AND ANNATTO PRODUCTION IN AGROSILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM UNDER DIFFERENT
MANAGEMENT AFTER GULLY EROSION STABILIZATION IN BRAZIL
1-Pólo Regional Centro Norte- APTA, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 372, Mail Box 24, 15.830.000 Pindorama – SP, Brazil -email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
2- IAC/APTA (Instituto Agronomico de Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil- email: [email protected], [email protected] , [email protected]
3- FCAV-UNESP, Campus Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil- email: [email protected],
4- UNIRP, Campus Universitário de Rio Preto de Tecnologia - São José do Rio Preto,SP. Email: [email protected]
Maria Teresa Vilela Nogueira Abdo1; Marcio Koiti Chiba2; Eliane Gomes Fabri2; Caio Cesar Zito Siqueira2; Antonio Lucio Mello Martins1; Everton Luis
Finoto1; Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra3; Tales Henrique Dias Chaves1
RESULTS The native species, the rubber tree and Bixa orellana L developed well in the
field. The seedlings of Malpighia punicifolia L grew committed in an area
subject to flooding, near the dams.
In table 1 we observe the results of annatto production, The annatto trees had
the best performance for living trees over the four years when compared to the
other trees groups: native species, rubber tree and Malpighia.
Table 1. Living trees from different groups of trees 2014 for four different
treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4).
* Average followed by the same letter in the Colum are not statistically different by the Tukey
method (p>0,05)
Table2. Seeds weight (SW) in g, productive trees (PT) and total fruits (TF) in 2012,
2013 e 2014 for four different treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4).
* Average followed by the same letter in the Colum are not statistically different by the Tukey method (p>0,05)
Table 3: Tress growth and carbon stock of the agroforestry system in four years in
four treatments: average of trees diameter at breast high ≥ 2,5 cm (DBH), average
of trees height (H), accumulated tress biomass (B), accumulated Trees carbon
stock (C) in January of 2015.
* Average followed by the same letter in the Colum are not statistically different by the Tukey method(p>005), coefficient
of variation(CV ), general mean(GM), percentage of living trees(LT),
In January 2015 the carbon stock (2,36 T) was significantly higher in T2, right
edge, probably due to annual crop fertilization. The total stock of carbon for all
live trees of the agroforestry system in three years (2011-2014) was
5.98 T / ha.
By September 2015 the organic matter had increased in all treatments from
2011 (T1-8,5% T2-10%,T3 - 11,5% and T4-11%) to 2015 (T1-19,7% T2-
19%,T3- 21,2% and T4-18,2%) .
T1 with no tillage presented the higher rate of increase. The annatto crop was
harvested in August of 2012, 2013 and 2014. The increase of productive trees
could be seen: in 2012 from 320 annatto tree planted only 24.4% were
productive, 53.1% in 2013 and 65.6% in 2014 subsequently.
Also for number of fruits per tree and seed weight in all treatments was higher
and Treatment 3 presented the best results for all the years evaluated.
CONCLUSIONS
-The native species, the rubber tree and Bixa orellana L developed well in the
field. The seedlings of Malpighia punicifolia L grew committed in an area
subject to flooding, near the dams.
-In treatment 4, after disk and trencher, tree species had higher liana
infestation that hampered its development and higher incidence of invasive
weeds in general.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To CNPQ/CAPES for the scientific initiation scholarship (2014-2015)
To CBHTG and FEHIDRO
1998 2003
1997
Figure 1. Gully erosion stabilization from 1997 to 2003 with no vegetation recovery
Figure 2. Treatments in each dam edege of different management
Pictures of the area during plantation of trees and culture:
Figure 3. Plantation of native trees in T1 and T2
Figure 4. Corn plantation between trees under no-tillage system (T3)
Var SW2012 SW 2013 SW 2014 PT 2012 PT 2013 PT 2014 TF 2012 TF 2013 TF 2014
CV% 77.04 105,68 74,53 44,71 44,47 39,33 80,56 90,1 83,96
GM 0,13 0,99 5,17 2,43 5,31 6,56 216,43 1657,21 6507.53
T1 0,01b 1,71a 8.2a 0,62c 6,62a 7,87a 20,00b 2557,87a 11347.5a
T2 0,14ab 0,93a 5.76ab 2,37b 4,75ab 6,37ab 258,62a 1773,25a 6468.37ab
T3 0,24a 0,86a 4.8ab 4,50a 7,00a 8,37a 362,25a 1553,00a 5534ab
T4 0,13ab 0,46ª 1.93b 2,25b 2,87b 3,62b 224,87ab 744,75 a 2680.25b
Variation Native Tree Rubber tree Annatto Malpighia
CV % 8.95 65.50 23.53 79.04
GM 23.15 7.36 14.41 5.35
Treatment 1 23.33 a 11.45 a 16.01 a 6.97 a
Treatment 2 22.26 a 5.55 b 14.20 a 2.26 a
Treatment 3 24.49 a 6.27 b 17.16 a 6.10 a
Treatment 4 22.54 a 6.18 b 10.29 b 6.08 a
Variation LT (%) DBH(cm) H (cm) B (T/ ha) C (T/ha)
CV % 11.76 17.25 12.02 47.07 47,07
GM 30.36 7.22 3.68 3.25 1.46
Treatment 1 32.86 ab 7.01 a 3.11 a 3.30 ab 1.48 ab
Treatment 2 28.39 bc 8.20a 2.87 ab 4.59 a 2.06 a
Treatment 3 32.95 a 6.72a 2.30 c 2.68 ab 1.21 ab
Treatment 4 27.59 c 6.97 a 2.45 bc 2.42 b 1.08 b
