Download - Translating Wetland Research into Policy
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Daniel Murdiyarso, CIFORCarl Trettin, USFS
Translating Wetland Research into Policy
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Outline
• Introduction
– What is SWAMP?
– Why wetlands are important?
• SWAMP Deliverables
• Impacts pathways and outcomes
• Emerging opportunities
– Bundling adaptation and mitigation strategies
– Enhancing wetland resilience and coastal security
• Key messages
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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Partnership is fundamental for program effectiveness
CIFOR
• Land-use change and Biogeochemical cycles
• Remote sensing and modeling
• Communication and outreach
USDA FOREST SERVICE
USDA Forest Service
• Forest inventory and analysis
• Wetland ecology and management
• Restoration ecology
Boundary partners• National universities• National/local NGOs• Government agencies
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SWAMP leverages other programs• Carbon Analysis Laboratory
– Univ. Eduardo Mondlane , Mozambique (funded by NSF-PEER)
– Bogor Agric. Univ., Indonesia (funded by State Dept.)
• Total Carbon Estimation in African Mangrove and Coastal Wetlands (funded by NASA)
• East Africa Mangrove Carbon Project (funded by USAID Africa Bureau)
• Carbon stocks and emissions of high altitude tropical peatlands in the Andes (funded by State Department)
• The Kalimantan Wetland s and Climate Change Study (KWACS), funded by USAID Indonesia Mission
• Indonesia Peat Network (IPN), funded by State Department
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Why wetlands?
• Wetlands are important in the global carbon cycles• Very high C stocks, some of the highest on the
planet• Highest rates in deforestation/land cover change in
the tropics GHG emissions
• Wetlands provide numerous ecosystem services • Natural sponge flood control• Habitat for rare and endangered species• Coastal systems protect from storms and tsunamis • Breeding and rearing habitat for fish and shellfish• Sources of wood and other forest products• Ecotourism• High biodiversity
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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SWAMP Goal and Objectives
The overall goal is to provide policy makers with credible scientific information needed to make sound decisions relating to the role of tropical wetlands in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies.
The specific objectives are to:• Quantify GHG emissions and C-stocks and
changes• Develop models of ecosystem C-dynamics• Assess the roles of tropical wetland
ecosystems in climate change adaptation• Build the capacity and outreach stakeholders
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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Where Do We Work?
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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C stocks in
vegetation:
Straightforward
and relatively
inexpensive
Stock change Flux change
Litter fall
Root mortality
Heterotrophic
soil
respiration
Dissolved organic C
Methodology development
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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Donato et al. Nature Geoscience (2011)
Indo-Pacific region (30o Lat, 73o Long)
Indonesian archipelago
Murdiyarso et al. Nature CC 2015 (submitted )
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Findings: mangroves
• Findings• Ecosystem C stocks 1,083 ± 378 Mg C ha–1
• Soil (78%)• Biomass (20%)• Necromass (2%)
• Total stocks: 3.14 Pg C
• Area
• 1980: 4.2 Mha (FAO 207)• 2000: 3.1 Mha 52,000 ha/yr• 2005: 2.9 Mha (FAO, 2007) (1.4 %/yr)• 2009: 2.6 Mha (MoF, 2009)
• Mangrove loss 6% of the total forest loss
• Mitigation potentials 0. 19 Pg CO2eq yr-1
19% of the total national GHG emissions
Murdiyarso et al. Nature Climate Change 2015 (submitted)
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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Findings: peatlands
Murdiyarso et al. PNAS, 2010
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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Mapping C and modeling C dynamics
USDA FOREST SERVICE
Gumbricht, 2013
Kurnianto et al.,GCB, 2014
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40 SWAMP publications
Peer-reviewed Journals Working papers
73,815 downloads
15,338 distributed
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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Technical Session at IUFRO World Congress 2014
• Papers: 12 original research and
reviews
• Habitat: peat swamp forests,
mangroves, deltas, water birds
• Region: Africa, South and Meso-
America, Asia and the Pacific
• Issues: CC mitigation and
adaptation
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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Wetlands on the web SWAMP project site: www.cifor.org/swamp
9,900+ views to date
Slideshare
This slide has been viewed more than 3000 x
13 power points on wetlands downloaded more
than 14,000 times
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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Impact pathways and Outcomes
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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1. Introduction2. Drained Inland Organic Soils3. Rewetted Organic Soils4. Coastal Wetlands5. Inland Wetland Organic Soils6. Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater
Treatment7. Cross-cutting Issues and Reporting
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/home/wetlands.html
Impact pathways and Outcomes
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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(p.10)
(p.28)
Impact pathways and Outcomes
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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Lidar
Hi-Res Satellite Data
Development of Applications Using High Resolution Remote
Sensing Data to Estimate Mangrove Biomass
Estimation of Canopy Height
Next Step:Evaluate with Field Height and Biomass Data
Source: Lagomasino, NASA, 2015 USDA FOREST SERVICE
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Sea-level Rise – IPCC AR5
For RCP8.5, by 2100 0.52 to 0.98
RCP2.6: 0.26 to 0.55 mRCP4.5: 0.32 to 0.63 m RCP6.0: 0.33 to 0.63 m RCP8.5: 0.45 to 0.82 m
USDA FOREST SERVICE
IPCC (2012)
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VietnamRepublic of Palau
Sedimentation rate = sea-level rise
MacKenzie et al. (Forthcoming)
Adaptation to CC/SLR
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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R-SET and Radionuclides (210 Pb)
2 cm intervalsin the first 20 cm
20 cm intervals up to 1m deep
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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E WN 255o E
2D RESISTIVITY SECTION_TG01TANJUNG GUNUNG AREA, KAYONG UTARA
SW
N 220o E NE
2D RESISTIVITY SECTION_TG03-TG05TANJUNG GUNUNG AREA, KAYONG UTARA
• Use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)• For more accurate estimate of peat volume
Better estimate of peat depth
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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B1, Slide 24 of 36
New approaches for restoration and sustainable management
Photo by: Ben Brown
Firewood $270k Mangrove Crab $550kEcotourism ??$
Integrating science with local objectives
Bosma et al. 2014
Integrated Associated Separated Idealized?
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Key messages• Additional science is needed to
inform public policy-making processes
• The UNFCCC and IPCC remain important fora to deliver wetlands science
• Mitigation-based adaptation may be promoted at all levels across multiple-stakeholders
• Outreach and capacity building to policy and scientific community through trainings are increasingly important
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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Future directions for discussionContinue Building the Science Base
• Documenting emissions from degraded wetlands
• Developing robust assessment tools
• Monitoring wetland dynamics
Integration wetlands into national planning and management
• National mapping (e.g. Indonesia - peatlands, Mozambique - mangroves)
• Enhance policy dialogue and outreach in selected USAID countries (e.g.
PNG)
• Developing governance and socio-economic tools to reflect local values of
wetlands into national mapping and planning efforts
Guiding strategic investments in coastal security
• Improve tools available to USAID and other donors for wetlands restoration
that increases effectiveness and outcomes
USDA FOREST SERVICE
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www.cifor.org/swamp
THANK YOU