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TOWARDS AUTO ENERGY MONITORINGJACK CHAN
27 JUNE 2015 (R0)
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CONTENT
• Background• Energy Dashboard
Level 0Level 1Level 2Level 3
• Water Metering
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CONTENT
• Background• Energy Dashboard
Level 0Level 1Level 2Level 3
• Water Metering
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Global BAS Market (USD Million)
USD 29.78 B
USD 55.48 B
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BAS Today
Controls & monitors
Alters schedule
Change setpoints
Alarms when breached
History trending
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Energy not included
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“If you can not measure it, you can not improve it.”- Lord Kelvin (1824 – 1907)
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Reliable Automation No Automation
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CONTENT
• Background• Energy Dashboard
Level 0Level 1Level 2Level 3
• Water Metering
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What is an Energy Dashboard?“Today’s dashboard users have the ability to acquire real-time customized data from sources never available before and to make informed decisions to continuously optimize building operations”
Frank Shapdour & Joseph Kilcoyne, Criteria for Building Automation Dashboards, ASHRAE Journal May 2015
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ENERGY DASHBOARD
Energy Dashboard Levels• Level 0 – Static Data• Level 1 – Live Display• Level 2 – Integrated Control & Analytics• Level 3 – Ongoing Commissioning
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LEVEL 0 – STATIC DATA
• Basic Level• Intuitive Graphical Interface• Allows user to manually calculate key variables• Payback• Projected budget• Life cycle cost
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LEVEL 1 – LIVE DISPLAY
• Real time energy data• Create occupant awareness• Real time sustainable features• Derived from energy meters, BAS, trends,
GBI scorecards
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LEVEL 2 – INTEGRATED CONTROL & ANALYTICS
• Three additional features• Customized analytical tools (BEI, End use)• Advanced analytics: software provides
useable info from data & stats• Web services• Overlays useful graphics: energy use, trend
plots other KPIs.
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GBIo Building Energy Intensity (BEI)o Monitoring Equipment > 100 kVAo Maximum Demand Limitingo Renewable Energyo Energy Model
CUSTOMIZED ANALYTICAL TOOLS
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BEI Estimate
Month Jul 2013
TBEC = 260,087 x 12 months
3,121,044 kW.hr/yr
CPEC = 0 x 12 months
0 kW.hr/yr
DCEC = 0 x 12 months
0 kW.hr/yr
BEI =
TBEC 3,121,044 kW.h/yr
CPEC 0 kW.h/yr
DCEC 0 kW.h/yr
W.OH 60 h
GFAex.cp 19,687 m2
DCA 39 m2
GLA 15,687 m2
FVR 15%
BEI 156 kW.h/m2.yr
BEIn 151 kW.h/m2.yr
(GFAex.cp - DCA - GLA*FVR)
(TBEC - CPEC - DCEC) * (52 / WOH)
DPM Monitoring Points Total Incoming Energy Less Carpark Energy Less Data Centre Energy
User Input Parameters Floor Vacancy Rate (FVR) Weekly Operating Hours (WOH)
Fixed Constants Gross Floor Area excluding carpark Gross Lettable Area Data Centre Area
BEI EQUATION
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BEI CONCEPT
• Solar Hours is defined as occurring between 08:00 (8:00am) – 18:00 (6:00pm).
• Overtime energy use which is identifiable from requests made to facilities department is NOT considered.
• Overtime energy occurred from 18:00 (6:00pm) – 24:00 (12:00am) will be deducted from the total energy use. However A/C startupenergy is included.
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BEI CONCEPT
Base Load• Base load estimated from data
logging occurring between 18:00 –08:00 was added to the solar hour load to form TBEC.
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01/01 - 31/01 Jan 178,576 13,107 - 7.34% 31 107 104
01/02 - 28/02 Feb 157,694 12,360 - 7.84% 28 95 102
01/03 - 31/03 Mar 199,964 14,169 - 7.09% 31 120 116
01/04 - 30/04 Apr 218,148 12,668 - 5.81% 30 131 131
01/05 - 31/05 May 245,600 13,670 2,237 5.57% 31 146 142
01/06 - 30/06 Jun 246,570 14,218 3,538 5.77% 30 147 147
01/07 - 31/07 Jul 264,242 13,559 4,155 5.13% 31 156 151
01/08 - 31/08 Aug - - - - - - -
01/09 - 30/09 Sep - - - - - - -
01/10 - 31/10 Oct - - - - - - -
01/11 - 30/11 Nov - - - - - - -
01/12 - 31/12 Dec - - - - - - -
TNB Biling Period /
Month
TNB Bill Record For
T5A7 Electricity
Consumption (kWh) /
Data Centre For ICIMB
Electricity Consumption
(kWh) / DCEC
DCEC / TBECNos.
Days/Month
Calender
Month BEI
Normalized
30-Day BEI
Solar PV and
Regen Lift
BEI TREND
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ENERGY END USE
Tenant, Chiller Plant and AHU combined energy use of 73%
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CHILLER PLANT
CT1VSD
CT2VSD
CT3VSD
CT4VSD
CT5VSD
CH1VSD
CH2VSD
CH3VSD
CHP1VSD
CNP1VSD
CHP2VSD
CNP2VSD
CHP3VSD
CNP3VSD
BTU
Carrier CCN• Schedules Chiller .• Lead Lag of Chiller.• Maximises Chiller Operation at Lowest Compressor Speed.• Modulates CT fan according to CNDW Supply Temperature.• Modulates CHPs speed based on dP on CHW pipes.• CNP operates according to chiller cut-in procedure with
fixed speed.• Calculates Plant kW/RT• Calculates Chiller kW/RT
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Unit
Mon. – Fri. Saturday Sunday
Area Served NOTES Operating
Hours Operating Hours Operating Hours
Menara Binjai
Chiller 08:00 - 18:00 08:00 - 13:00 Not on Whole Bldg BMS Control
CHWP 08:00 - 18:00 08:00 - 13:00 Not on Whole Bldg BMS Control
CWP 08:00 - 18:00 08:00 - 13:00 Not on Whole Bldg BMS Control
CT 08:00 - 18:00 08:00 - 13:00 Not on Whole Bldg BMS Control
AHU 08:00 - 18:00 08:00 - 13:00 Not on Whole Bldg BMS Control
Data Centre
Air Cond 24 Hours 24 Hours 24 Hours
Level 5, 23,
25 24 Hours
PLANT OPERATING SCHEDULE
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Plant SideINVERTER DRIVEN COMPRESSOR CHILLER – Modulates according to cooling load, chilled water supply setpoint 8.5deg.CVSD DRIVEN CHILLED WATER PUMP – Modulates by dP set at furthest AHU @ L33AVSD CONDENSER WATER PUMP – Fixed at 30HzVSD COOLING TOWER FAN – Modulates by condenser water supply temp
Air SideVAV DAMPER – Setpoint at 23 – 25 deg.C depending on occupants preferenceCHILLED WATER VALVE – Modulates by return air temp CO2 – Setpoint at 800ppm
SETPOINTS & MODULATIONS
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COOLING LOAD & KW/RT (APRIL 2014)
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MAXIMUM DEMAND LIMITING
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MDL STRATEGY
Consider window between 09:00 – 13:00 for MD Analysis
1,300kW
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530kW
225kW
POWER DEMAND – CHILLER, AHU
175kW
450kW
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14kW 25kW
POWER DEMAND – DATA CTR, CAR PARK
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POWER DEMAND – SUMMARY
Load shifting to reduce peak from 530kW – 430kW (100kW)
Load shifting to reduce peak from 225kW – 175kW (50kW)
Possible by either • Switching chiller and AHU “on” earlier by an hour or
two. (TBEC may increase while MD may reduced)• Limit upper temperature limit of AHU and chilled water
supply compromising comfort.
Component Remarks
Chiller Plant 500 kW From Data Log
AHU 225 kW From Data Log
Data Centre 14 kW From Data Log
Car Park 25 kW From Data Log
Tenant P&L 736 kW Minus from Total
Total 1,500 kW From Data Log
Power Demand
Current Strategies : Increase AHU setpoint by 0.5 deg.CSwitching off Basement Carpark FansAlarm at EMS Workstation
Proposed Additional Strategies
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PREDICTIVE LOAD SHEDDING
dt
dPPow
er (
kW)
Time (s)
Operations must have load which can be shed when demand is high
Eg waste processing machines (shredders, crushers)
Slowing down of motors and machines
Shutting down of non-critical machines
reduction in chiller power
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LEVEL 3 – ONGOING COMMISSIONING
• Continuously mines data generated by BAS• Automated fault detection & diagnostic• Alerts faults, identify root cause & calculate
deviant from optimal performance• Prioritizes remedies
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CONTINUOUS DATA EXTRACTION
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Equipment
Tag
Consumption
[kW.h]
Total
[kW.h]
% Over
Total
CH 1 220,760 694,351 79%
CH 2 197,066
CH 3 54,504
CH 4 215,830
CH 5 0
CH 6 6,192
CT 1 8,481 28,472 3%
CT 2 7,471
CT 3 3,631
CT 4 7,992
CT 5 0
CT 6 898
PCHWP 1 4,932 24,835 3%
PCHWP 2 7,957
PCHWP 3 3,255
PCHWP 4 7,979
PCHWP 5 0
PCHWP 6 0
PCHWP 7 712
PCHWP 8 0
PCWP 1 23,676 80,713 9%
PCWP 2 22,067
PCWP 3 9,867
PCWP 4 23,581
PCWP 5 0
PCWP 6 0
PCWP 7 1,522
PCWP 8 0
SCHWP 1 23,590 53,955 6%
SCHWP 2 16,404
SCHWP 3 13,961
SCHWP 4 0
SCHWP 5 0
SCHWP 6 0
882,325 882,325 100%
Equipment
Energy
Consumption
[kW.h]
Cooling
Capacity
[RT.h]
% Over
Total
[Excl. CT]
Ave
kW/RT
GM
Submission
[kW/RT]
SS530
Baseline
[kW/RT]
Ave Higher
Than SS530
Ave Higher
Than
Submission
Chiller 694,351 1,024,388.1 81% 0.6778 0.5436 0.577 1.17 1.25
PCHWP 24,835 3% 0.0242 0.0897 0.117 0.21 0.86
SCHWP 53,955 6% 0.0527 incl incl incl incl
PCWP 80,713 9% 0.0788 0.0609 0.088 0.90 1.29
Total 853,853 100% 0.8335 0.6942 0.782 1.07 1.20
CONTINUOUS DATA EXTRACTION
Set periodic COP verification
Daily, Weekly, MonthlyData used for comparisonRe-commission if required
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CONTINUOUS DATA EXTRACTION
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CONTINUOUS DATA EXTRACTION
Online live data extraction from sensors, transducers
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PERIODICAL DATA COMPARISON
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ON LINE COMMISSIONING
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ON LINE COMMISSIONING
Android powered Dashboard Live error code monitoring
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ON LINE CLOUD SYSTEM
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WHERE ARE WE NOW?
Energy Dashboard Levels• Level 0 – Static Data• Level 1 – Live Display• Level 2 – Integrated Control & Analytics• Level 3 – Ongoing Commissioning
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REFERENCES
“Criteria for Building Automation Dashboards”, Frank Shapdour and Joseph Kilcoyne, ASHRAE Journal, May 2015
“GBI Non-Residential New Construction Tool”Greenbuildingindex Sdn Bhd
Panasonic & Daikin VRF Air Conditioning Systems
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DISCUSSION