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Toward 2050 in North Carolina
A Roundtable Report on the Changing Face o the Tar Heel Stat
Julie Ajinkya and Rachel Wil May 2012
www.americanprogress.o
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Toward 2050 in North CarolinaA Roundtable Report on the Changing Face
o the Tar Heel State
Julie Ajinkya and Rachel Wil May 2012
About Progress 2050
Progress 2050, a project o the Center or American Progress, seeks to lead, broaden, and strengthen the progressive
movement by working toward a more inclusive progressive agendaone that truly reects our nations rich ethnic and
racial diversity. By 2050 there will be no ethnic majority in our nation and to ensure that the unprecedented growth o
communities o color also yields uture prosperity, we work to close racial disparities across the board with innovative
policies that work or all.
About PolicyLink
PolicyLink is a national research and action institute advancing economic and social equity by Liting Up What Works.
Founded in 1999, PolicyLink connects the work o people on the ground to the creation o sustainable communities o op-
portunity that allow everyone to participate and prosper. Liting Up What Works is our way o ocusing attention on howpeople are working successully to use local, state, and ederal policy to create conditions that benet everyone, especially
people in low-income communities and communities o color. We share our ndings and analysis through our publica-
tions, website and online tools, convenings, national summits, and in briengs with national and local policymakers.
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1 Introduction and summary
4 Why North Carolina?
7 Changes in the aging population and multigenerational households
7 Changes in workforce needs
10 Demographic change offers Raleigh challenges
and opportunities
10 Addressing the regions intertwined challenges of employment and educat
edunomics 14 Raleigh fights inter-communal division through coalitions
16 Intergenerational leadership prepares North Carolina for demographic cha
19 Conclusion
20 About the Authors and acknowledgments
21 List of participants at the convening
in Raleigh, North Carolina
22 Endnotes
Contents
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Introduction and summary
Te Unied Saes is rapidly approaching he poin where here will no longer be
any clear racial or ehnic majoriyas soon as he year 2042. A he same ime,
he ases-growing racial and ehnic groups were hi rs and wors by he recen
economic downurn and ace persisen barriers o achieving he levels o edu-
caion, healh, and employmen ha our naion needs o succeed in he global
economy. As he enire counry undergoes his dramaic demographic ransorma-
ion, leaders in governmen, business, philanhropy, and he civic secor mus ake
seps now o prepare or our more diverse uure.
In many communiies, hese demographic shis are well underway: People
o color are already he majoriy in our saes and in more han 300 counies
across he counry. Communiy leaders working in hese places may well have
wisdom and relevan sraegies o share wih oher communiies as hey prepare
or similar populaion shis.
I is in his spiri ha Progress 2050a projec o he Cener or American
Progressand PolicyLinka naional research and acion insiue advancing
economic and social equiyparnered o hold a series o 2050 roundables in
communiies ha have already experienced aspecs o his demographic shi. Te
roundables are mean o help us learn rom he experiences o hese bellweher
communiies abou wha he res o he counry may have in sore and wha policy
shis are needed o ensure ha our naion embraces is diverse uure. Tis is he
ourh repor in a series documening hese roundable discussions and describes
a conversaion ha ook place in Raleigh, Norh Carolina, in December 2011. Te
rs o our roundables was hosed in Arlingon, Virginia (July 2011), he sec-
ond in Los Angeles, Caliornia (Ocober 2011), and he hird in he San Joaquin
Valley, Caliornia (Ocober 2011).
Te broader goal o he Progress 2050/PolicyLink parnership is o iniiae a
naional conversaion o explore a new vision o wha America can and should be
in 2050, when here won be an ehnic majoriy in our naion. We inend or hese
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conversaions o inorm our policy agenda and ulimaely lead o he craing o
policy ha lis communiies o color and creaes a uure in which all can prosper.
A he Raleigh roundable, as was he case a he preceding roundables, he
paricipans included communiy aciviss, policy researchers, business leaders,
academics, and sa rom eleced oces. (See he atached lis o convening par-icipans on page 20 o his repor.) Te range o heir experise was diverse, span-
ning issues includingbu no limiedo economic developmen, air lending,
nancial securiy, educaion, incarceraion, and civil righs.
We chose Norh Carolina as he sie or his discussion because i is undergoing
a massive populaion shi. Over he pas 10 years, he saes whie populaion
has increased by 12.5 percen, while he saes Arican American populaion has
increased by 17.9 percen, and he saes Hispanic populaion has increased by a
subsanial 111 percen.1 During his same ime he saes populaion has aged a a
rapid pace, resuling in signican changes o boh household and workorce com-posiion. Addiionally, Norh Carolinas young populaionwhich will increas-
ingly deermine he saes housing markes and developmen paterns, as well as
he srengh o he workorcenow predominanly comprises youh o color.
Tese changes, paricularly he youh dynamic, are projeced o have signican impli-
caions on public policy maters in he sae. Consequenly, he number one quesion
ha roundable paricipans discussed concerned wha invesmens and sraegies
mus be immediaely pu in place o ensure ha his growing youh populaion is
prepared o become he saes uure leaders, workers, voers, and homebuyers.
Norh Carolina was also seleced because o is disincive experience wih he
civil righs hisory o his counry, which makes he ac ha communiies o
color coninue o ace persisen inequaliies and dispariies all he more discon-
cering. Mos noably, he iconic Greensboro si-ins o 1960 sared by Arican
American college sudens quickly spread o oher ciies across he sae and
placed enormous economic and poliical pressure on local businesses, evenu-
ally leading hem o begin serving blacks. Several prominen Arican American
Norh Carolinians also became naional leaders in he civil righs movemen,
including Ella Baker o he Suden Nonviolen Coordinaing Commitee, FloydB. McKissick o he Congress o Racial Equaliy, and Reginald Hawkins o he
Naional Associaion or he Advancemen o Colored People (NAACP) and he
Mecklenburg Organizaion or Poliical Aairs. Te saes civil righs hisory and
Over the past 10years, the states
white populatio
has increased
by 12.5 percent,
while the states
African America
population has
increased by 17
percent, and the
states Hispanic
population has
increased by a
substantial 111
percent.
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experience wih youh acivism in paricular made an ineresing backdrop or he
roundable discussion abou increasing levels o diversiy.
We begin our accoun wih some demographic conex abou he sae o Norh
Carolina and he Raleigh region in paricular. We hen move on o discuss he
hree prominen hemes ha roundable paricipans raised rom he regionsexperience in urning challenges ino opporuniies generaed by he saes
increasing levels o diversiy:
Addressing he inerwined challenges o employmen and educaion, or wha
we erm edunomics Fighing inercommunal division hrough coaliions Preparing or he saes uure by invesing in inergeneraional leadership
Lasly, we recoun and make he case ha demographic change is coming, and i
is in everyones bes ineress o ully embrace his change, undersanding why i isindeed a rue opporuniy or he enire counry.
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Why North Carolina?
Judih Bell, he presiden o PolicyLink, kicked o he roundable wih a quick
overview o he demographic change ha is underway in his counry and
described how he upcoming shi o becoming a majoriy-people-o-color coun-
ry underscored he imporance o preparing our enire populaion or he uure.
She explained ha by he year 2018 abou 45 percen o all jobs will require a
leas an associaes degree, ye we know ha only 27 percen o Arican Americans,
26 percen o U.S.-born Lainos, and 14 percen o Laino immigrans hold an
associaes degree. Tis leaves a serious disconnec beween he skills our uureworkorce will require and he curren qualicaions ha our growing populaions
possess. Te pressing quesion, Bell argued, is wha invesmens we need o make
now o atain he educaion levels needed or he jobs o he uure.
Bell explained ha by 2019 he majoriy o youh in he Unied Saes will be
youh o color. In Norh Carolina he change is already eviden. Te saes young
populaion is predominanly made up o children o color while he elderly popu-
laion is sill predominanly whie. Tus he quesion ha Bell posed ocuses on
youh and asks wha sor o invesmens we mus make in his young populaion
o make sure ha hey are prepared o ake he reins o his counrys uure.
Bell also discussed how recen economic research shows ha here is a posiive
relaionship beween equaliy and economic growh. Counries wih greaer
across-he-board equaliy also experience longer-erm and deeper economic
growh, according o a recen Inernaional Moneary Fund sudy ha ound
counries ha were more equal in heir income disribuions had sronger and
more susained periods o economic growh. Research by Manuel Pasor, a
proessor o geography and American sudies and ehniciy a he Universiy
o Souhern Caliornia, and ohers has ound ha regions ha are less segre-gaed and have less concenraed povery also perorm beter economically.2
Accordingly, PolicyLink has been making he argumen or a ocus on equiy
as an economic imperaive, mos noably in a recen paper iled Americas
omorrow: Equiy is he Superior Growh Model.
http://www.policylink.org/atf/cf/%7B97c6d565-bb43-406d-a6d5-eca3bbf35af0%7D/SUMMIT_FRAMING_WEB_FINAL_20120127.PDFhttp://www.policylink.org/atf/cf/%7B97c6d565-bb43-406d-a6d5-eca3bbf35af0%7D/SUMMIT_FRAMING_WEB_FINAL_20120127.PDFhttp://www.policylink.org/atf/cf/%7B97c6d565-bb43-406d-a6d5-eca3bbf35af0%7D/SUMMIT_FRAMING_WEB_FINAL_20120127.PDFhttp://www.policylink.org/atf/cf/%7B97c6d565-bb43-406d-a6d5-eca3bbf35af0%7D/SUMMIT_FRAMING_WEB_FINAL_20120127.PDF -
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0% 30% 40% 50%
Percent people of color by county
Ages 65+
Ages 0 to 4
FIGURE 1
A new generation gap
The diverging demographics of seniors and youth
Sources: 2010 Census (Summary File 1), Census TIGER/Line, NHGIS, a
CURRITUCK
DARETYRRELL
HYDE
WASHINGTONMARTIN
BEAUFORT
PAMILCO
CARTERET
CRAVEN
CAMDEN
PASQUOTANK
PERQUIMANS
GATES
CHOWANBERTIE
HERTFORD
NORTHAMPTON
HALIFAX
EDGECOMB
PITT
GREENE
LENOIR
JONES
ONSLOW
PENDER
NEW HANOVER
BRUNSWICK
COLUMBUS
DUPLINSAMPSON
BLADEN
CUMBERLAND
WAYNE
JOHNSTON
WILSON
NASH
FRANKLIN
WARREN
VANCE
GRANVILLE
WAKE
HARNETTLEE
CHATHAM
DURHAM
ORANGE
ALAMANCE
PERSON
CASWELLROCKINGHAM
GUILFORD
RANDOLPH
MOORE
HOKE
ROBESONSCOTLAND
RICHMOND
ANSONUNION
STANLY
MONTGOMERY
MECKLENBURGGASTON
LINCOLN CABARUS
ROWAN
IREDELLDAVIDSON
DAVIE
FORSYTH
STOKESSURRY
ALLEGHANY
ASHE
WILKESYADKIN
ALEXANDERCALDWELL
WATAUGA
AVERY
MITCHELL
YANCEY
MCDOWELL
BURKE CATAWBA
CLEVELAND
RUTHERFORD
POLK
HENDERSON
TRANSYLVANIA
JACKSON
MACON
CLAYCHEROKEE
GRAHAM
SWAIN
HAYWOODBUNCOMBE
MADISON
CURRITUCK
DARETYRRELL
HYDE
WASHINGTONMARTIN
BEAUFORT
PAMILCO
CARTERET
CRAVEN
CAMDEN
PASQUOTANK
PERQUIMANS
GATES
CHOWANBERTIE
HERTFORD
NORTHAMPTON
HALIFAX
EDGECOMB
PITT
GREENE
LENOIR
JONES
ONSLOW
PENDER
NEW HANOVER
BRUNSWICK
COLUMBUS
DUPLINSAMPSON
BLADEN
CUMBERLAND
WAYNEJOHNSTON
WILSON
NASH
FRANKLIN
WARREN
VANCE
GRANVILLE
WAKE
HARNETTLEE
CHATHAM
DURHAM
ORANGE
ALAMANCE
PERSON
CASWELLROCKINGHAM
GUILFORD
RANDOLPH
MOORE
HOKE
ROBESONSCOTLAND
RICHMOND
ANSONUNION
STANLY
MONTGOMERY
MECKLENBURG
GASTON
LINCOLN CABARUS
ROWAN
IREDELL DAVIDSON
DAVIE
FORSYTH
STOKESSURRY
ALLEGHANY
ASHE
WILKESYADKIN
ALEXANDERCALDWELL
WATAUGA
AVERY
MITCHELL
YANCEY
MCDOWELL
BURKE CATAWBA
CLEVELAND
RUTHERFORD
POLKHENDERSON
TRANSYLVANIA
JACKSON
MACON
CLAYCHEROKEE
GRAHAM
SWAIN
HAYWOODBUNCOMBE
MADISON
Source: Judith Bells presentation at the roundtable discussion.
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Nex Bell inroduced Michell Silver, he chie planning and developmen ocer
and planning direcor or he Ciy o Raleigh, Norh Carolina, who presened
some Norh Carolina-specic demographic inormaion o conexualize he
aernoons discussion. Silver began his presenaion by explaining ha one o he
mos surprising elemens o he upcoming demographic change, one ha oen
ges overlooked, is ha mos o he growh over he nex 50 years will be in hesouh and in he wes. He explained ha he Research riangle (he name used o
reer o he geographic region in Norh Carolina ha includes he ciies o Raleigh,
Durham, and Chapel Hill) alone is projeced o grow by 1.2 million residens and
by abou 700,000 jobs over he nex 20 years.3 Raleigh has grown rom he 54h
larges ciy in he counry in 2005 o he 43rd larges ciy in 2011.4
He explained ha over he pas 10 years, Norh
Carolinas populaion has increased by 12.5
percen or whies, 17.9 percen or Arican
Americans, and an incredible 111 percenor Hispanics. He reasoned ha agriculural
employmen opporuniies were he mos likely
cause or such disparae populaion growh in
he region. Given he racial and ehnic break-
down o Raleigh (see Figure 2), Silver said
one o he pressing quesions ha he region
was likely o ace was how he non-Hispanic
whie and black populaions would reac o he
exploding Hispanic populaion. School diversiy
policies, he argued, would be paricularly iner-
esing o wach over he nex couple o decades.
Fitingly, a large par o he roundable discus-
sion ollowing Silvers demographic presena-
ion did, in ac, address his issue.
Beore concluding his opening remarks, Silver
wen on o describe wo imporan demographic
rends in he regionchanges in he aging popu-
laion and muligeneraional households, and changes in workorce needs.
FIGURE 2
Change in race/ethnicity
Raleigh, North Carolina (2000-2010)
Source: Figure composed by author based on demographic data presented in Mitche
Silvers presentation that cites the SAS, North Carolina Trends Report.
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2000
Whites
African Americans
Hispanics
Asians
Other races
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Changes in the aging population and multigenerational
households
Boh naional and regional populaions are aging quickly. Across he counry,
by 2030 one in ve Americans will be over he age o 65.5 In Norh Carolina he
percenage o residens over he age o 65 will increase by 124 percen rom 2000o 2030.6 In addiion o he graying o he populaion, household composiion
is also quickly changing. By 2050 he overwhelming majoriy o households in
he Unied Saes will be headed by single aduls and will increasingly become
muligeneraional. Te later change has o do wih an increasing number o
2534-year-olds moving back in wih heir parens (his populaion increased by
25.5 percen rom 20072011), as well as he parens o baby boomers and baby
boomers hemselves moving ino heir childrens households, due o eiher rising
healh care coss or heir inabiliy o ake care o hemselves as hey age.
Silver argued ha hese changes will have serious implicaions or NorhCarolina residens. For insance, in regards o he aging populaion, he region
will need more young workers o ake care o is elderly residens, and he ax
base or local governmen migh ace increasing challenges as seniors seek
propery ax relie due o heir xed incomes. When i comes o he changing
composiion o households, Silver worried ha he dieren household sruc-
ures will creae a mismach in he housing markeexpers esimae ha here
will be an excess invenory o 22 million single-amily homes by 2030 wih no
buyer marke o purchase hose homes.7 He also prediced ha land-use paterns
and he need or greaer public ransporaion opions would change as seniors
realized hey could no longer drive.
Changes in workforce needs
Silver also explained ha he graying o he populaion is going o impac he
regions uure workorce needs. Te percenage o he populaion, or example,
ha is considered working-age (aged 1864) across he counry is projeced o
decline rom 63 percen in 2008 o 57 percen in 2050. Moreover, 50 percen
o he working-age populaion is projeced o be made up o workers o colorby 2039, wih ha number increasing o 55 percen by he year 2050.8 Tis will
mean ha he counry as a whole will increasingly rely on a racially and ehnically
diverse workorce o compee in a 21s cenury global economy.
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Ye, he implicaions o hese changes in workorce needs highligh he ac ha
curren invesmens are ailing o prepare he regions youh o color o comprise he
workorce o he uure. Silver explained ha, despie being among he ases grow-
ing groups, Arican Americans and Hispanics have he lowes educaional atain-
men raes in he Raleigh region25 percen and 17 percen, respecively. Tus, he
main quesion ha Silvers demographic presenaion posed o roundable parici-pans was abou wha invesmens are currenly needed o make sure ha he region
can improve is raes o educaional atainmen among is uure leaders, workers,
voers, and homebuyers o ensure a collecive sense o prosperiy or all.
Te generaion gap ha Silver describes in boh o he rends abovewhere
he growing graying populaion is predominanly whie, and he growing youh
populaion is predominanly made up o youh o coloris a serious concern
or he sae, as i may creae an inergeneraional gh over resources. According
o he U.S. Census Bureaus 2010 American Communiy Survey, 44.9 percen
o Norh Carolinas under-18 populaion is made up o children o color. Bycomparison, only 34.8 percen o he saes populaion over age 60 is made
up o people o color. Wha his means is ha a signican percenage o he
elderly populaion may eel disconneced wih he younger populaion and resis
invesing in he laters uure.
Silver said ha as residens begin o age in he region, hey are saring o express a
sense o relucance o coninue carrying he ax load because o heir own limied
resources. Educaional unding was one o he cleares casualies o he saes
recen budge negoiaions; i has clearly suered as a resul o his decreasing pool
o resources. Te Norh Carolina Jusice Cener esimaes ha 19,215 sudens
were impaced by he mos recen budge cus in June 2011. Te cus direcly led
o he loss o 915 eacher posiions and 2,042 eaching assisan posiions rom
he 201011 school year o he 201112 school year. Since 2009 Norh Carolina
schools have heavily relied on $1.6 billion in ederal unding o supplemen alloca-
ions rom he sae. Even wih hese exra resources, 16,678 public school posi-
ions have been eliminaed since he sar o he Grea Recession in 2007.
Te racial and ehnic composiion o his generaion gap is mirrored bynaional
rends as wellwhereas 64 percen o he 65-years-and-older populaion waswhie in 2010, his number is projeced o all o beween 45 percen and 48
percen by he year 2050. Dowell Myers, a noed demographer and proessor
o planning and developmen a he Universiy o Souhern Caliornias School
o Policy, explains he shorsighedness o he older populaions relucance
Despite being
among the faste
growing groups
African America
and Hispanics
have the lowest
educational
attainment rates
in the Raleigh
region25 perc
and 17 percent,
respectively.
http://ncjustice.org/sites/default/files/BTC%20Just%20the%20Facts_Real%20Solutions%20Require%20Real%20Facts.pdfhttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/10/pdf/frey_presentation.pdfhttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/10/pdf/frey_presentation.pdfhttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/10/pdf/frey_presentation.pdfhttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/10/pdf/frey_presentation.pdfhttp://ncjustice.org/sites/default/files/BTC%20Just%20the%20Facts_Real%20Solutions%20Require%20Real%20Facts.pdf -
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o inves in he uure o an increasingly diverse youh populaionhe more
educaed a child becomes, he argues, he beter he job he or she qualies or
and he more money he or she is able o give back o sociey.9 In addiion o
being our uure workorce and axpayers, his youh populaion will also be our
uure leaders, voers, and homebuyersall vial roles ha will also increasingly
aec he aging populaion. Silver compared his period o demographic changeo previous periods in Unied Saes hisory where Americans have made sacri-
ces or he uure and said ha i is ime once again o make a similar decision
in he bes ineress o our enire counry.
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Demographic change offers
Raleigh challenges and
opportunities
Te conversaion was hen urned back o Bell, who began he discussion by ask-
ing paricipans or broad reacions o hese demographic acs abou Raleighs
growh agains a backdrop o larger naional demographic changes. Paricipans
agreed ha increasing diversiy in he region was a pressing concern and ha he
only real way o promoe growh and prosperiy in Norh Carolina was o creae
growh and prosperiy or all o he various communiies ha reside in he sae.
Driven by he quesion o wha invesmens were necessary o creae his uuregrowh, paricipans raised he ollowing hree main areas o concern:
Edunomics, or he ineracion beween educaion and employmen Cross-communiy coaliion work Inergeneraional leadership
Addressing the regions intertwined challenges of employment
and education, or edunomics
One o he mos prominen hemes ha paricipans raised in reacion o he pre-
senaion abou changing demographics in he region was an issue reerred o as
edunomics, which encompasses he inexricable relaionship beween educaion
and employmen. I was noed ha he region is experiencing challenges in boh
areas, bu paricipans agreed ha rying o deermine which oneeducaion or
employmenshould be ackled rs was impossible. Insead, paricipans sug-
gesed ha invesmens should be made in boh areas o ensure ha he regions
youh receive he educaion hey need o succeed in a rapidly changing workorce.
According o he Census Bureau, Arican Americans and Lainos have higher
unemploymen raes han non-Hispanic whie residens in Norh Carolina
he unemploymen rae in 2010 was 19.1 percen or Arican Americans and
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14.6 percen or Lainos, while i was 10.5 percen or non-Hispanic whies.
Addiionally, 27.7 percen o Arican Americans and 33.9 percen o Lainos
lived in povery in Norh Carolina in 2010, while he rae was 11.8 percen or
non-Hispanic whies.
In ligh o hese glaring dispariies, paricipans emphasized he imporanceo coninuing o inves in workorce raining programs ha would close boh
employmen and earning gaps. Parick Graham wih he Naional Urban League
Cenral Ciies emphasized he imporance o inclusion o he economyha is,
making sure ha he public undersands ha public invesmens in job opporuni-
ies or diverse communiies do generae economic reurns o he enire com-
muniy. He cied he Urban Leagues shor-erm raining programs in wha he
organizaion calls 21s cenury skills. Specically he noed a program ha invess
$700,000 in helping Arican Americans and Lainos obain naional cericaion
in broadband ber opics and placing hose individuals in jobs a companies such
as Microso. Teir research shows ha his relaively small invesmen yieldedan esimaed $7,490,000 in salaries in 2011, indicaing ha smar invesmens
can generae large economic asses in he communiyin he orm o improved
employmen opporuniies and earnings, which in urn allow residens o conrib-
ue back o economic growh in he region.
Research on he increasing levels o buying power o Norh Carolinas communi-
ies o color underlines he argumens made by our roundable paricipans ha
invesing in diverse communiies would bene he enire region. According o a
repor released by Norh Carolinas Insiue o Minoriy Economic Developmen,
rom 2000 o 2010 he saes Arican American communiys buying power
increased rom $28 billion o $44 billion. Norh Carolinas Hispanic commu-
niys buying power increased rom $5.1 billion o $14.2 billion during ha same
10-year period, while he saes Asian American communiys buying power
increased rom $2.9 billion in 2000 o $6.9 billion in 2010.10
urning rom he issue o buying power, Gabriela Zabala rom he Norh Carolina
governors oce moved he conversaion o economic empowermen and ocused
on wha she called he Laino communiys bigges challenge: he lack o eco-
nomic developmen. She said i is a problem also experienced by he AricanAmerican communiy in Durham. While many members o communiies o color
are enrepreneurs, many also lack he nancial lieracy and raining needed o
make heir businesses prosper. Addiionally, she said ha banks ail o provide
loans ha would make Laino businesses more susainable.
African America
and Latinoshave higher
unemployment
rates than non-
Hispanic white
residents in Nor
Carolinathe
unemployment
rate in 2010 was
19.1 percent for
African America
and 14.6 percen
for Latinos, whil
was 10.5 percen
for non-Hispani
whites.
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Te Laino Communiy Credi Union (also known as he Cooperaiva Laina
Credi Union), an organizaion represened a he roundable, has served as
a paricularly successul model in expanding economic securiy o immigran
communiies. Te credi union primarily serves low-income individuals (95
percen), and is services are ailored o new immigrans, 95 percen o whom are
Hispanic. I oers a ree nancial lieracy program, which includes workshopson uilizing a nancial insiuion, saving and budgeing, building credi, buying
a vehicle, and purchasing a home. I also oers a wide range o aordable and
accessible nancial producs, including deposi accouns, remitances, credi
builder loans, credi cards, car loans, and morgage loans.11 Te credi union is
commited o providing economic opporuniy or all, and is naional award-
winning work is a useul model ha could be replicaed elsewhere o improve he
economic securiy o radiionally economically insecure populaions.
Numerous paricipans poined ou ha hese economic concerns could no be
discussed wihou simulaneously addressing educaion in he region. Specically,paricipans poined o a school diversiy debae ha has aken place or he pas
ew years in Wake Couny, Norh Carolina, as an example o diversiy ulimaely
being valued in he school sysem and dieren acions o he communiy rallying
ogeher in suppor o inegraion.
In 2010 he Wake Couny School Board did away wih he diversiy policy
ha had been in operaion in he couny since 2000. Te policy had considered
income as a primary acor in assigning sudens o schools wih he goal o
limiing he proporion o low-income sudens in any school o no more han
40 percen. Te approach received naional acclamaion, as suden perormance
raes soared, paricularly Arican American and Hispanic sudens es raes, and
i seemed o underline numerous sudies ha showed he academic benes o
economically diversiying schools.12
In 2009, however, a newly eleced bloc o our Republican members on he school
board fipped is composiion rom eigh o one in avor o busing, o ve o our
in opposiion.13 Te school board debae became a parisan division beween
hose members who suppored he diversiy policy and he new members who
advocaed or neighborhood schools or communiy assignmen zones, wheresudens would atend schools in close proximiy o heir addressin eec, con-
cenraing low-income sudens in low-income schools.
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While many people hough ha he 2009 elecion was a reerendum on ending
busing o achieve school diversiy, Michell Silver explained ha he 2011 elecion
proved ha residens valued boh diversiy and Wake Counys naional repuaion
as an ousanding school sysem. Civil righs leaders came ogeher wih business
leaders, parens, and eachers in nonparisan alliances o gh in suppor o diversiy.
Candidaes backed by diversiy supporers swep our o he ve conesed seas andhe board chairman, Ron Margiota, who had led he eor o dismanle he diversiy
policy plan, was deeaeddenying Republicans a majoriy on he school board.14
Silver argued ha his debae gave he communiy an opporuniy o examine is
values and, in he end, a signican majoriy expressed heir suppor or diversiy
in he school sysem. He was paricularly appreciaive o he dicul conversaions
he heard people having abou race as a resul o his debae (because o he high
number o low-income sudens o color)a conversaion he said was dicul o
have and ha mos people avoided, bu one ha his communiy ook head on.
Chris Fizsimon rom he public hink ank NC Policy Wach agreed ha he
elecion ended up being an elecion around he uure o he public school sysem
in Wake Couny. He saw he Wake Couny debae as a microcosm o he larger
debae playing ou in he Norh Carolina legislaure, where a ea pary acion is
rying o push or vouchers and privae, or-pro schools a he expense o inves-
ing in public educaion. He applauded he diverse, grassroos coaliion made up
o groups such as he NAACP, a number o Wake Couny schools, and commited
mohers o sudens, who wen o every board meeing and relenlessly sen ou
press releases o garner suppor or inegraion.
Sill, Fizsimon argued, as much as he inegraion policy had been admired or
is impac on suden perormance, he debae highlighed he counys ongoing
educaional dispariies and suggesed ha he school sysem was sill no improv-
ing he perormance o Arican American sudens, in paricular. According o a
2010 repor on Wake Counys educaional dispariies, signican gaps sill aec
Hispanic sudens, as well. In he 200809 school year, while 89.2 percen o whie
sudens perormed a or above grade level on he End-o-Grade reading com-
prehension es, only 51 percen o Hispanic sudens and 52 percen o Arican
American sudens perormed a he same level.15
Similarly, while 94.5 perceno whie sudens perormed a or above grade level on he End-o-Grade mah
es, only 72.6 percen o Hispanic sudens and 66.6 percen o Arican American
sudens reached he same level.16 While diversiying he counys schools had
cerainly improved raes, Fizsimon argued ha he job was ar rom over.
In the 200809
school year, wh
89.2 percent of
white students
performed at or
above grade lev
on the End-of-
Grade reading
comprehension
test, only 51
percent of Hispa
students and 52
percent of Africa
American stude
performed at th
same level.
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Paricipans agreed ha he debaes main srengh was in he coaliion work ha
i promoed among groups ha usually do no come ogeher. A mass demon-
sraion march in Raleigh in suppor o inegraion was incredibly diverse. I no
only brough racially diverse groups ogeher, i also brough ogeher he old, he
young, and advocaes or educaion and or economic developmen.
Raleigh fights inter-communal division through coalitions
Roundable paricipans raised he general need or coaliion building ouside o
he school diversiy debae, as well. In paricular, as demographics change in he
communiy, paricipans worried ha dieren communiies o color would have
diculy nding common ground. One paricipan, or insance, idenied divisive-
ness wihin communiies o color as an obsacle o orward-hinking policy changes.
Anoher paricipan agreed and specically idenied confics beween Arican
Americans and Lainos in he Raleigh-Durham mero area as a challenge ha willhave o be aced and overcome as he areas populaion coninues changing.
Tese worries were corroboraed by a 2006 Pew Research Cener poll ha repored
Arican Americans rom Raleigh-Durham el paricularly hard-hi by he surge in
immigraion in he sae. Specically, he poll repors ha 29 percen o Arican
Americans in he region repored losing a job or having a amily member who los a
job o an immigran worker, 57 percen avored reducing legal immigraion, and 58
percen avored deporing undocumened immigrans. Tese regional numbers were
higher han naional levels or Arican Americans on he same issues.
Anoher roundable paricipan, Lisa Chun, an immigraion atorney rom he
Norh Carolina Jusice Cener, expressed concern ha he sae legislaure was
considering passing ani-immigran legislaion similar o laws ha have aken
eec in boh Arizona and Alabama. In he case o Norh Carolina, a he ime o
he roundable in December, a new commitee was in he mids o being ormed
by sae lawmakers o examine Norh Carolinas role in immigraion policy. In
he commitee hearings ha were held ollowing our Raleigh roundable, sae
legislaors have been invesigaing he eecs o immigraion programs in oher
saes. One elemen o ha invesigaion is o deermine how lawmakers in ohersaes have pushed eors o creae atriion hrough enorcemenpolicies ha
aim o make lie so unbearable or undocumened immigrans ha hey sel-
depor back o heir homelands. Te commitee is also invesigaing he cos o
undocumened immigraion o he axpaying residens o Norh Carolina.
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Ye hese programs have been shown o be impracical and expensive o saes,17
and research shows ha mos unauhorized immigrans are already considered
ineligible and hereore do no receive mos governmen services. Ye Chun wor-
ried ha he curren ani-immigran hosiliy spreading around he counry was
also presen in Norh Carolinas research riangle area. Te previously menioned
Pew poll jusied his concern, reporing ha 84 percen o Raleigh-DurhamsArican American populaion believed ha police should be required o check or
immigraion saus during rac sopsa higher percenage han he 67 percen
o whies who agreed his should be a requiremen.18
Paricipans also discussed how divisions have arisen beween communiies o color
and he gay and ransgender communiies in he region. For insance, one parici-
pan observed ha Arican American suppor or gay and ransgender righs may be
lacking in he region, bu i has nohing o do wih he black communiy no avoring
gay righsaer all, no one ges up in he morning and wans o be discriminaed
agains wice, he argued. Insead, he speculaed ha he lack o suppor sems romrusraion wih he gay communiya communiy ha calls or black suppor
when he righs o he gay and ransgender communiy are hreaened bu who oh-
erwise ail o suppor civil righs sruggles based on racial dispariies.
Anoher roundable paricipan agreed ha here is oen a mispercepion among
members o he gay, lesbian, and ransgender communiy ha communiies o
color will no suppor gay and ransgender issues because hey believe ha mos
members rom his communiy are whie, ignoring he signican percenage o
gay communiy members o color. Te paricipan who originally raised he issue,
however, disagreed ha his was he reason and resaed his previous explana-
ion or division beween he wo communiieslack o muual suppor across
group issues. In response, he paricipan who spoke rom he gay, lesbian, and
ransgender perspecive said he was commited o working wih he social jusice
and he human righs communiy, and ha his group was ineresed in developing
coaliions. In ac, he gay communiy jus recenly sared working closely wih
he NAACP, joining he Hisoric Tousands on Jones Sree, or HKonJ, rally and
march ha brings ogeher nearly 100 Norh Carolina social jusice and commu-
niy developmen organizaions o show heir solidariy on diverse issues.
Te HKonJ movemen was menioned a number o imes by paricipans as a
srong example o he ype o coaliion work ha is beginning o bridge hese
inercommunal divisions. Te movemen, which reers o he ac ha he Norh
Carolina House o Represenaives is locaed on Jones Sree, was ounded in
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2007. Te coaliion currenly ocuses around an annual march and is organized
in par by he NAACP, promoing a diverse range o issues, including healh care,
voing righs, collecive bargaining, immigran righs, and qualiy public educa-
ion.19 Te march draws ogeher members rom nearly a hundred civil righs and
social jusice groups and is a proud example o he regions abiliy o gh common
sruggles by building coaliions across diverse communiies.20
ogeher NC is anoher such coaliion ha paricipans cied as a successul
example o communiies working across issues. Tis coaliion comprises a number
o nonpros across he sae seeking o block cus o he saes budge in response
o he recession. Fizsimon described ogeher NC as a coaliion o organizaions
o all sripes and ehniciies.
ogeher NCs approach is o push lawmakers o coninue making wise spending
choices (invesing in crucial areas o he saes economy and inrasrucure), while
a he same ime urging hem o recongure he revenue collecion sysem so hai reas all o Norh Carolinas ciizens more equiably. Members o he organiza-
ion include El Pueblo, Inc. (a saewide advocacy and public policy organizaion
oriened around he Laino communiy), he Norh Carolina Laino Coaliion,
he Norh Carolina Minoriy Suppor Cener (recenly renamed Te Suppor
Cener), and he Norh Carolina NAACP.21
Ania Earls, ounder o he Souhern Coaliion or Social Jusice, underlined
he imporance o hese coaliions and said ha black-brown coaliions have
developed in he sae wih a shared undersanding o common sruggles. She
explained, I have voing righs cliens who inegraed heir local library back in
he 60s and 70s, who hen were voing righs plainis o ge a black on he local
couny commission, and now are learning Spanish and running an aerschool
program where heyre bringing in Lainos as well as Arican American sudens.
So heres a recogniion ha heir sruggles, [and he sruggles o ] he new popula-
ions coming ino he sae, hose sruggles mirror he sruggles o heir lieimes.
heres kind o a recogniion ha we can broaden he civil righs movemen o a
human righs movemen and bring in los o people in our advocacy.
Intergenerational leadership prepares Nor th Carolina for
demographic change
Roundable paricipans also discussed he imporance o inergeneraional
coaliion work in addiion o he muliracial, muli-issue coaliion eors oulined
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earlier. Parick Graham rom he Naional Urban League Cenral Ciies argued ha
youh engagemen is vial o he regions uure. He noed ha an exraordinary
number o young people were acively engaged in he 2008 presidenial elecion
in large measure because hey ound hen-candidae Barack Obamas message o
be compelling and charismaic, along wih speaking o heir generaions needs.
Ye hree-and-a-hal years ino he Obama adminisraion hey helped o elec,Graham says young people have ailed o ranslae heir elecoral engagemen ino
engagemen wih Norh Carolinas educaional and economic srucures. Par o his
drop-o in energy, he argued, has o do wih elder communiy members and leaders
o civic groups alking in a manner and one geared oward an older demographic,
which ails o appeal o he needs o young people.
According o he Norh Carolina Civil Healh Index, Norh Carolinas populaion
aged 1624 is indeed he leas civically engaged o any group in he sae, mirror-
ing naional rends. While 55 percen o he saes youh aged 1824 voed in he
2008 elecion, his peak in youh voer urnou did no coninue during he 2009elecion cycle, when youh urnou in municipal elecions ell back o he low levels
o he pre-2008 municipal races.22 Furher, according o he Cener or Inormaion
and Research on Civic Learning and Engagemen, voer urnou among Norh
Carolinians aged 1829 in he 2010 miderm elecions was 23.5 percen.23
Michell Silver, while agreeing wih Graham ha young people need o become
more galvanized because hey are he regions uure, noneheless poined ou a
ac ha is oen overlooked when alking abou his young generaion: Tey are
voluneering more han any previous generaion. Silver said ha young people
are willing give back o heir communiies bu noed here is a condiionhey
require a sense o purpose. I issues such as educaion and land use can be commu-
nicaed o his generaion wih a sense o purpose, he chances are high ha young
people will be moivaed o ac, said Silver. Te quesion hen becomes, accord-
ing o Silver, how o communicae a sense o purpose behind all o he work ha
roundable paricipans represen.
Ye i also appears ha his generaion o young people migh be building social
capial in new and innovaive ways ha he radiional merics o voing and
organizaion membership are unable o measure. Online-ineres-driven commu-niies such as new orms o social and digial media may in ac be helping diverse
groups o young people o connec wih one anoher and develop social capial.
Research suggess ha encouraging young people o use echnology o develop
meaningul connecions wih heir peers migh lead o more civic engagemen.24
While 55 percenof the states
youth aged 18
voted in the 200
election, this pe
in youth voter
turnout did not
continue during
the 2009 electio
cycle, when
youth turnout in
municipal electi
fell back to the l
levels of the pre
2008 municipal
races.
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Addiionally, a number o organizaions represened a he roundable have
acively involved youh in he process o making change. Te Urban League o
Cenral Carolinas organizes Te Urban League Urban Youh Empowermen
Program, which provides an educaional and raining bridge or a-risk youh.
Te Cooperaiva Laina Credi Union has an award-winning Culure o Saving
program aimed a increasing youh nancial lieracy, which is one o hree pilo proj-ecs ha ocus on hree disinc age groups o encourage a culure o savings across
muliple generaions. Te Naional Conerence o Communiy and Jusice o he
Piedmon riad is recognized widely or is award-winningANYOWN summer
leadership insiue and he ollow-up ANYOWN Anyime programs ha develop
youh leaders as powerul change agens and champions o diversiy and inclusion in
heir schools and communiies. Addiionally, he Norh Carolina governors oce
has aYouh Advocacy and Involvemen Oce ha oers opporuniies or leader-
ship developmen and experienial educaion ha aims o each sudens abou civic
paricipaion by encouraging heir involvemen in governmen.
Melvin Monord, a roundable paricipan rom he A. Philip Randolph Insiue,
inroduced an iniiaive ha he believed held promise in culivaing no only
youh leadership bu ha also addresses some o he racial and ehnic dispari-
ies in educaional atainmen ha Wake Counys inegraion debae raised. Te
program is run by Carolina College Advising Corps/Universiy o Norh Carolina
AmeriCorps and connecs local universiy and college graduaes wih local high
school sudens, where he older sudens serve in advisory roles or he younger
sudens. For insance, Monord visied a high school in Durham ha hosed
recen Universiy o Norh Carolina graduaes as visiing advisors. In addiion o
building upon schools limied budges, where oen only one advisor is burdened
wih counseling hundreds o sudens on career possibiliies, his program enables
sudens who have acually made i hrough college hemselves o counsel younger
sudens abou heir uure higher-educaion opporuniies.
http://www.urbanleaguecc.org/home/?page_id=523http://www.urbanleaguecc.org/home/?page_id=523http://www.cutimes.com/2009/01/14/latino-community-credit-union-gets-innovation-grant-to-promote-savings-http://nccjtriad.org/anytown/index.phphttp://www.doa.nc.gov/yaio/http://www.doa.nc.gov/yaio/http://nccjtriad.org/anytown/index.phphttp://www.cutimes.com/2009/01/14/latino-community-credit-union-gets-innovation-grant-to-promote-savings-http://www.urbanleaguecc.org/home/?page_id=523http://www.urbanleaguecc.org/home/?page_id=523 -
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Conclusion
Despie he ac ha he Norh Carolina roundable conversaion was mean o
ocus on he local experience o he saes residens wih demographic change,
paricipans were eager o make he connecion beween heir experiences and he
demographic shi ha he res o he naion will soon experience. In paricular,
paricipans were concerned wih ormulaing an inclusive narraive ha incorpo-
raed all o he concerns ha were raised hrough heir discussionrom employ-
men and educaional dispariies o nding common ground across dieren
communiies and issues o invesing in he youh populaion as our naions uure.
Some paricipans believed ha his narraive needed o ocus on airness and
inclusiveness o make sure ha our counry would provide opporuniies or all
and no jus a selec ew. Oher paricipans hough ha making an argumen
or invesmens in educaion and workorce-developmen eors mus be ramed
wihin an overarching commimen o keeping our counry compeiive in he
global economy o he uure. Regardless o which naional narraive paricipans
advocaed or, he underlying lesson was he same: Demographic change is com-
ing, and i is in everyones bes ineress o undersand why i is a rue opporuniy
or he enire counry.
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About the Authors
Julie Ajinkyais a Policy Analys or Progress 2050 a he Cener or AmericanProgress. Her work ocuses on race, ehniciy, gender, and immigraion poliics,
and she pays paricular atenion o he changing demographics o muliculural
socieies such as he Unied Saes and Wesern Europe. Prior o joining AmericanProgress, she was an insrucor and eaching assisan a Cornell Universiy
while earning her docorae in poliical science. Her pas work has also ocused
on researching global and local womens movemens and he gendered impacs
o inernaional nancial insiuion invesmens in he developing world. She
was a New Voices Fellow rom 2003 o 2005 a he Insiue or Policy Sudies,
where she coordinaed he naional oureach or he insiues Foreign Policy in
Focus projec. Julie earned her masers degree and docorae in governmen rom
Cornell Universiy, where her docoral disseraion examined he poliical behav-
ior o children o Muslim immigrans and heir campaigns or gender-jusice
acivism in Europe and Norh America. She earned a bachelors degree in poliicalscience rom Amhers College.
Rachel Wilfis an inern or Progress 2050 a he Cener or American Progress,
where she assiss wih he eams developmen o policy proposals advancing an
inclusive progressive agenda. Prior o coming o CAP, Rachel conduced archi-
val research as a research assisan wih he Yale Universiy hisory deparmen
and promoed civic engagemen eors wih he Minnesoa Environmenal
Parnerships eld eam. Rachel received her bachelors degree in hisory rom
Yale Universiy, where her research cenered on race and gender in conemporary
American hisory. Her senior hesis ocused on he inegraion o gay and bohe-
mian communiies in 1920s New York Ciy.
Acknowledgments
Te auhors are exremely graeul o hose who helped wih he preparaion o
his repor. Tey would paricularly like o hank all o he paricipans in he
Raleigh roundable convening; Michell Silver, he chie planning and develop-
men ocer and planning direcor or he Ciy o Raleigh, Norh Carolina; JudihBell and Sarah reuha a PolicyLink; and Vanessa Crdenas, Daniella Gibbs
Lger, and Sophia Kerby a he Cener or American Progress.
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List of participants at the convening in Raleigh, North Carolina:
Melvin F. Montord A. Philip Randolph Institute
Pat McCoy Action NC
Kevin Rogers Action NC
Sarah Preston American Civil Liberties Union o North Carolina
Abigail English Center or Adolescent Health and the Law at University o North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Mark Dorosin Center or Civil Rights at the University o North Carolina
Keith Corbett Center or Responsible Lending
Kristen Smith Chapel Hill-Carrboro Chamber o Commerce
Erika Bell Cooperativa Latina Credit Union
Luis Pastor Cooperativa Latina Credit Union
Carl Rist Corporation or Enterprise Development
Stuart Campbell Equality NC
Jada Drew Guilord College
Susana Jerez Latin American Coalition
Colin Austin MDC: Equity and Opportunity
Dr. Patrick Graham National Urban League Central Cities
Brigette E. Rasberry NC Association o Community Development Corporations
Carley Ru NC Housing Coalition
Andrea Harris NC Institute o Minority Economic Development
Lisa Chun North Carolina Justice Center
Chris Fitzsimon NC Policy Watch
Anna Lee Working Films
Gabriela Zabala North Carolinas governors ofce
Anita Earls Southern Coalition or Social Justice
Susan Feit The National Conerence or Community and Justice o the Piedmont-Triad
Roberto G. Quercia University o North Carolina, Chapel Hil l
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Endnotes
1 mll slv, t cgg dg n cl, - g n cl bl ,db 13, 2011.
2 ml p , Regions That Work: How Cities and SuburbsCanGrow Together(ml: uvy m p,2000); mk d. pg, d i db a u.s.s e Gw?Journal of Regional Science45 (2) (2005):
363394; rll eb, Gg ekk, Jk Klz,db i n o ey: p F o e F. Wkg p 06-05 (Flrv Bk clvl, 2006), vlbl ://www.lvl-.g/r/wk/2006/w06-05..
3 slv, t cgg dg n cl.
4 rlg w 43 lg y us, nBc17, db 12, 2011,vlbl ://www2.b17./w/2011//12/lg-w-43-lg-y---1706161/. slv, mll. a plgLgy: clbg 60 y y lg frlg, n cl. ob 14, 2010.
5 u.s. c B, National Population Projections 2008 (d- c).
6 u.s. c B, Interim State Population Projections (d c, 2005).
7 c Lbg, t nx sl? The Atlantic Magazine(2008).
8 u.s. c B, a ol m dv n by m-y, p l, ag 1 4, 2008, vlbl ://www..gv/w/l/v/l/b08-123.l.
9 my k c a pg v ll tu s 2050: cg nw V F tg ob 18, 2011. F , l : t us 2050: cg nw V F tg, vlbl ://www.g.g/v/2011/10/2050.l(l my 2012).
10 Jy m. hy, a a, nv a, a h Byg pw n cl: e 1990-2010 & pj g 2015 (d, nc: n cli my e dvl, 2010), vlbl
://www../g///bl/By-g_pw__nc_2010e..
11 cv L c u, L cy c urv tw nl aw (2012), vlbl ://l.g//l-y---v-w-l-w.
12 al F, a t s J, rlg c igby i, The New York Times, sb 25, 2005, vlbl ://www.y./2005/09/25//25lg.l?gw=1&gw.
13 rbb Bw, d my e n.c. e dvy pg,The New York Times, Fby 27, 2010, vlbl ://www.y./2010/02/28//28lg.l?=1&q=%20l%20l%20bg&=.
14 Vl s, W y Wk cy l, The Washington Post, ob 20, 2011, vlbl ://www.wg./blg/w-//w--
y---wk-y---l/2011/10/19/giQa-x4yL_blg.l.
15 cl c cz a a cl,a av G Wcpss: eoG rg-W-B Gpwp , Fby 23, 2010, vlbl ://www../34.l.
16 cl c cz a a cl,a av G Wcpss: eoG m, pwp, Fby 23, 2010, vlbl ://www../34.l.
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g_g.l; t Bx, alb ig d(Wg: c a pg, 2012), vlbl ://www.g.g//2012/02/lb_-g_.l.
18 cll dy, a tw ig: i Blk W(Wg: pw r c, 2006), vlbl ://w-.g/b/21/-w-g--blk--w.
19 h K (t) J s, vlbl ://.b./.
20 n cl cl c, hK J m (2011), vlbl ://www.l.g/2011/01/k--j-/.
21 W W a vlbl ://g.g/w_w_/ (l my 2012).
22 Klly oB, eggg n cl G Z cv L(Wg: nl c cz, 2012), vlbl ://www../Y-cv-egg-mg-sl-cl.
23 c i r cv Lg egg-, F s: t Y V 2010 (2011), vlbl ://www.vy.g/w-/l/2011/04/t-cps-y-v-2010-Fs-FinaL1..
24 ib.
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