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Tewowo c Ctas}b o Ie`}tjh j`m Sey} Jyoj
]amjy ^ea~he(
]afattasy tay~eto}
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::
I
e`}tjh j`m Sey} Jyoj< bafe a }be Yohk
Tajm j`m o}y boy}atoi fetibj`} ij~o}jhy
a Dukbjtj j`m Yjfjtkj`m( Betj}( j`m
Kjybcjt; a }be et}ohe ehmy a }be Getcj`jWjhhe; j`m a }be fj` iuh}utey a }be Ijuijyuy.
]be tecoa` oy toib o` mowetyo}.
J`m luy} jy }boy tecoa` a`ie lao`em moy}j`} j`m
mowetye ~ea~hey o` j`}ozuo}( o}y ia``ei}oa`y jte
deo`c tewowem }a ma }be yjfe jcjo`. ]be Ie`}tjh
Jyoj Tecoa`jh Eia`afoi Iaa~etj}oa` "IJTEI/
~tactjf dto`cy }ace}bet Jcbj`oy}j`( J|etdjolj`(
}be ^ea~hey Te~udhoi a Ibo`j( Kj|jkby}j`(
}be Ktc| Te~udhoi( Fa`cahoj( ]jlokoy}j`( j`m
U|dekoy}j` }a duohm }tj`y~at} ho`ky( e`iautjce
`es }tjme( j`m ~tafa}e e`etc yeiuto} j`m
eioe`i.
Sbete ijtjwj`yetjo a`ie y}aam( }bete jte `as
`es }tjmo`c tau}ey j`m aut&y}jt ba}ehy sehiafo`c
}autoy}y taf jhh awet }be sathm( yjy Luj` Fotj`mj(
motei}at ce`etjh at JMDy Ie`}tjh j`m Sey} Jyoj
Me~jt}fe`}.
@ejth 4> ejty yo`ie fj` a }beye iau`}toey
efetcem taf }be iahhj~yo`c Yawoe} U`oa`( JMD
ia`}o`uey }a beh~ }bef teduohm j`m teatf wo}jh
yetwoiey j`m o`tjy}tui}ute.
O` 4>>?( JMD j~~tawem -9 dohhoa` o` he`mo`c
}a Jcbj`oy}j`( Jtfe`oj( J|etdjolj`( Ceatcoj(
Kj|jkby}j`( }be Ktc| Te~udhoi( ^jkoy}j`(
]jlokoy}j`( ]utkfe`oy}j`( j`m U|dekoy}j`.
O` U|dekoy}j`( ~ea~he jte }ut`o`c }tjmo}oa`jh
itj}yfj`ybo~ o`}a ~ta}jdhe e`}et~toye so}b yfjhh
O@]TAMUI]OA@
J de}}et tajm JMD yu~~at}em}be ia`y}tui}oa` a }boy tajm(taf Doybkek o` }be `at}b }aAyb o` }be yau}b a }be Ktc|Te~udhoi. ]be ]aa&Jybuu ~jyyybas` bete fjkey }tuiko`ccaamy }btaucb }be fau`}jo`yejyoet j`m ibej~et
j`m foita`j`ie ctj`}y. O` J|etdjolj`( j aam
fo}ocj}oa` ~talei} bjy itej}em j yjet e`wota`fe`}
at fate }bj` 4>>(>>> ~ea~he.
O` Jcbj`oy}j`( haj`y }a}jho`c -::> fohhoa`
bjwe beh~em duohm j fadohe ~ba`e `e}satk(
teia``ei}o`c moy~hjiem jfohoey j`m ho`ko`c
duyo`eyy as`ety }a o`atfj}oa`. O` }be Ktc|
Te~udhoi( of~tawem emuij}oa` oy beh~o`c y}ume`}y
~te~jte at j mefj`mo`c o`}et`j}oa`jh eia`af.
JMD jhya ~tawomey efetce`i jyyoy}j`ie. Yo`ie
^jkoy}j`y ejt}bzujke a 4>>5( JMD bjy satkem
bjtm }a beh~ }be woi}ofy teduohm }beot howey.
Ewetsbete `es tajmy j`m tjohy jte dto`co`c
~ea~he }ace}bet. A`e tecoa`jh tjohsj ~talei}sohh ia``ei} Fj|jt&e&Ybjto o` Jcbj`oy}j` so}b
Bjotj}j` ejt }be U|dek datmet( j`m ewe`}ujhh
er}e`m o`}a jkoy}j` j`m ]jlokoy}j`. J tajm
~tactjf o` Jtfe`oj sohh ho`k o}y yau}bet` j`m
`at}bet` tecoa`y( ia``ei}o`c }a tjohsjy o`
Ceatcoj j`m o}y Dhjik Yej ~at}y.
JMD a~e`em j teyome`} foyyoa` o` Ceatcoj o`
4>>?( 4 ejty j}et o} lao`em JMD( j`m bjy jhya
luy} j``au`iem o} sohh a~e` j teyome`} foyyoa` o`
]utkfe`oy}j`.
So}b beh~ taf }beye j`m a}bet teyome`} foyyoa`y(
JMD j`m o}y meweha~o`c fefdet iau`}toey jte
mtowo`c o`}ectj}oa` j`m eia`afoi ctas}b o` }be
tecoa`.
]be Yohk Tau}e jsjkey j`m }tjme oy daafo`c( yjy
Fotj`mj.
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O` 4>>?( Yjdabj} Jmo|awj( 9>( sj`}em }a er~j`m bet deju} yjha` o` Dukbjtj( du} ybe `eemem doccet ~tefoyey o` j de}}et
haij}oa`. Bet buydj`m sjy yu~~at}owe( du} so}bau} j fat}cjce at iahhj}etjh( j dj`k haj` sjy au} a }be zuey}oa`. ]be
meiomem }a yeek jmwoie taf bet ju`}( Fjbdudj Ybamoewj.
Deyomey tu``o`c bet as` yuiieyyuh ia`y}tui}oa` duyo`eyy( Ybamoewj sjy j fefdet a }be Dukbjtj Duyo`eyy Safj`
Jyyaioj}oa` "DDSJ/ j`m j haijh jce`} at Ufom "ba~e/ Itemo} U`oa`( }be yeia`m hjtcey} o` U|dekoy}j`. Ybamoewj beh~em
bet `oeie lao` fate }bj` =(>>> a}bet fefdety a Ufom( j`m j haj` sjy zuoikh jttj`cem. Jmo|awj j}}e`mem DDSJ }tjo`o`c
yefo`jty a` bas }a tu` j yfjhh duyo`eyy j`m bas }a mtjs u~ j ~ta~et duyo`eyy ~hj`. ]beye yefo`jty o`ihumem o`}etji}owe
Yfjhh ctj`}y }btaucb itemo} u`oa`y o`
U|dekoy}j` jte }tj`yatfo`c tutjh safe`
o`}a e`}te~te`euty( of~tawo`c a} a`h }beot
o`iafey du} jhya }beot a~~at}u`o}oey
D Ljfey Bu}iboya`
Doc Of~ji}
Yfjhh Ctj`}y Itej}e
DUKBJTJ( U\DEKOY]J@
4
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Y f j h h C t
j ` } y I t e j } e
j ihoe`}y bjot. J`m }be }tjo`o`c tejhh beh~em f ia`me`ie. Ybe
bjy jhtejm er~j`mem `er} maat j`m y}jt}em j semmo`c mteyy te`}jh
duyo`eyy.
Yjdabj} de`e}em taf }be hecji a }be JMD ~talei} ]tjo`o`c a
Safe` E`}te~te`euty o` Dukbjtja`e a 99 yfjhh ~talei}y a
de}see` -:>(>>> }a -4>(>>> j ejt u`mem u`met JMDy -25>(>>>
Ce`met j`m Meweha~fe`} O`o}oj}owe. ]be o`o}oj}owe ~tawomem yeemfa`e }a `a`cawet`fe`} atcj`o|j}oa`y yuib jy DDSJ.
]btejmy o`}a cahm Efdtaomet oy iaffa` o` }tjmo}oa`jhU|dek bj`moitj}y. @utba` Otcjybewj bjy }ut`em }boy ~oeiea bet beto}jce o`}a j }btowo`c duyo`eyy. Bet bj`m&yes`U|dek ut`oybo`cy so}b cahm efdtaomet jte }be `ey}jtau`m( j`m ya ~a~uhjt }bj} ybe as bjy 3> ef~haeey }abeh~ bet fee} mafey}oi j`m o`}et`j}oa`jh mefj`m
eretioyey( so}b }tjo`ety ~hjo`c }be tahe a dj`ko`c
aiety ya dattasety sauhm `a} de o`}ofomj}em
sbe` }be se`} }a }be dj`k at }be ty} }ofe.
Deju} j`m }be Duyo`eyyO` Jucuy} 4>>?( Yjdabj} a~e`em }be maaty }a bet
`es deju} yjha` o` }be La`mat moy}toi} a Dukbjtj
Io}. Ybe ijhhem o}Djbat
( sboib fej`y y~to`c o`U|dek. ]amj( bet yba~ oy ya duy ybe bjy botem
j`a}bet bjotmteyyet.
So}bau} }be Duyo`eyy Safj`
Jyyaioj}oa` j`m beh~ taf }be itemo}
u`oa`( O sauhm bjwe fjme yafe doc
foy}jkey( yjy Yjdabj}( jy ybe y}hey
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Ibjot~etya` a da}b DDSJ j`m }be Jyyaioj}oa` a Itemo} U`oa`y(
Mohdjt Jkbfemawj( yjom }bj} de}see` 4>>> j`m 4>>3( }be famey}ctj`}ybjwe tej~em doc teyuh}y d }tjo`o`c u`ef~haem safe`
o` tutjh jtejy j`m beh~o`c bu`mtemy a safe` koik&y}jt} `es
duyo`eyyey.
@j}oa`jhh( }be DDSJ bjy 5(>>> fefdety( sba bjwe itej}em awet
3>(>>> lady j`m }tjo`em awet 4=(>>> safe`. ]be Dukbjtj dtj`ib bjy
}tjo`em 3>> safe` }btaucb yefo`jty j`m satkyba~y( so}b 2>% a
}bef y}jt}o`c }beot as` duyo`eyy.
Se ma`} luy} aget safe` iau`yeho`c a` bas }a y}jt} j duyo`eyy(
Jkbfemawj yjy. ]be jhya `eem }a k`as bas }a ad}jo` haj`y taf
dj`ky( j`m satk so}b }be hjdat aie( }be Ibjfdet a Iaffetie(
j`m haijh iaffu`o} atcj`o|j}oa`y.
O`y~oto`c Eriehhe`ie@utba` Otcjybewj itej}ey }be `ey} bj`m&yes` }tjmo}oa`jh U|dek
cahm&efdtaometem ut`oybo`cy jwjohjdhe. O` 4>>4( bet 4&ejt&ahm
duyo`eyy sjy }btowo`c. Atmety o`ihumem j co} at U|dekoy}j` ^teyome`}
Oyhjf Kjtofaw }a ~teye`} }a UY ^teyome`} Ceatce Duyb muto`c j
woyo} }a }be Sbo}e Bauye }bj} ejt. So}b }be o`itejye o` duyo`eyy( }be
==&ejt&ahm fa}bet a }btee mey~etj}eh `eemem j 9&ejt haj` a :
fohhoa` U|dek yuf "jdau} -75>/ }a du tjs fj}etojhy }a er~j`m bet
duyo`eyy j`m bote fate satkety.
Du} Otcjybewj bjm `a itemo} teiatm at j fat}cjce(
j`m ya iaffetiojh dj`ky teuyem }a he`m }a bet. Jtoe`m yuccey}em ybe ia`}ji} Mohdjt Jkbfemawj
j} DDSJ. Deijuye itemo} u`oa`y y~eiojho|e o` ybat}&
}etf haj`y( Jkbfemawj ~u} Otcjybewj o` }auib
so}b }be haijh hjdat aie( sboib j~~tawem }be
haj`. Of~teyyem d }be k`ashemce j`m `e}satk
ia`}ji}y a DDSJ( Otcjybewj lao`em j`m dattasy
tecuhjth taf }be Ufom Itemo} U`oa`.
Ey}jdhoybem d := DDSJ fefdetyo` :??3( Ufom oy
`as }be doccey} a yewe` itemo} u`oa`y o` Dukbjtj
adhjy}"~tawo`ie/. DDSJy aiey jte a` }be yeia`m
aat a }be itemo} u`oa` duohmo`c( sboib itemo}
u`oa` fefdety ~jom at so}b itemo} u`oa` u`my.
O`y}ejm a sjo}o`c u~ }a j fa`}b at j ybat}&}etf(
9& }a 7&fa`}b haj` taf }be dj`k( O ij` ce} f
j~~hoij}oa` j~~tawem tocb} jsj d }be itemo}
u`oa`( Otcjybewj yjom. @as ybe bjy satk taf
}be Tuyyoj` At}bamar Ibutib j`m teieowey atmety
taf a}bet iau`}toey( o`ihumo`c at efdtaometem
iut}jo`y at j Gte`ib ijy}he. Ybe bjy 3> ef~haeey
j`m fj` ~teet }a satk taf bafe( jhya
de`e}o`c taf j ~teyome`}ojh teyahu}oa` fjko`c
Fejyuto`c yuiieyy JMD jofem }a bjwe 7>> safe` lao` }be Ufom Itemo} U`oa`. Awet :(>>> mom. ]be itemo} u`oa` j`m }be Dukbjtj Duyo`eyy Safe`yJyyaioj}oa` jte ho`ko`c }beye safe` }a }be teyautiey j`m }tjo`o`c }be eem }a ey}jdhoyb yuiieyyuh duyo`eyyey j`m ejt` fate fa`e
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}bef eref~} taf }jrey }a e`iautjce yuib
bafe&djyem duyo`eyyey at safe`.
Otcjybewj j}}e`mem DDSJy }tjo`o`c yefo`jty at
safe` e`}te~te`euty( u`mem d }be JMD ~talei}(j`m jmwoyey a}bet safe` sba sj`} }a y}jt} }beot
as` duyo`eyyey. Bet buydj`m( Amoh Jkb}jfaw( oy
~taum a bet. O jf ya huik }a bjwe j yu~~at}owe
buydj`m sba O ij` moyiuyy ewet}bo`c so}b( ybe
yjy. ]sa a bet }btee ibohmte` jte as y}umo`c
o` ]jybke`} j`m bet mjucb}et sj`}y }a lao` }be
jfoh duyo`eyy. So}b }be itemo} u`oa` j`m }be
jyyaioj}oa`( jmwoie at fa`e oy luy} j ~ba`e ijhh
jsj( yjom Otcjybewj.
Jkbfemawj yjy }bj} a`e a }be doc jmwj`}jceya
itemo} u`oa`y oy jy} ~taieyyo`c. Iuy}afety ij` sjhk
jsj so}b haj`y o` ijyb o` : at 4 bauty. J fat}cjceat j bauye( j~jt}fe`}( at ijt }jkey 9 mjy. ]be
dj`k }jkey :> mjy j`m u~ }a 4 fa`}by }a ~taieyy
j haj`( ybe yjy.
Ysee} TesjtmySbe` bet buydj`m moem 9 ejty jca( Buybwjc}
Mlutjewj( =3( sjy jdhe }a ~tawome at bet we
ibohmte` so}b ~ta}y taf bet yeso`c duyo`eyy j`m
~jy}t yba~( sboib iafdo`em ef~ha := ~ea~he.
Ybe ca} o`}a duyo`eyy o` 4>>= j}et e`}te~te`eut
}tjo`o`c so}b DDSJ. ]be }tjo`o`c cjwe fe }be ykohhy O `eemem }a tu` j
duyo`eyy( ybe yjom. Ybe oy as j DDSJ }tjo`et.
J doc ~tadhef o` tutjh jtejy( yjy Jkbfemawj(oy }bj} fj` safe`
jte ~aat j`m bjwe `a yj o` bauyebahm dumce}y. ]be jte er~ei}em
}a y}jj} bafe( ya se yu~~at} safe` }a awetiafe }boy( ybe
yjy. ]se`} safe` jtfety o` a`e moy}toi} sj`}em }a dattas
fa`e taf }be dj`k }ate`} hj`m at jtfo`c duyo`eyyey( du} }bejfohhj`m }be sj`}em }a uye jy j fat}cjce hecjhh deha`cem }a
}beot buydj`my. ]be jhh jcteem }a ibj`ce }a lao`} as`etybo~ j}et
se er~hjo`em }be ~tadhef.
Yjdabj} Kuhoewj( =2( a~e`em j ~jy}t yba~ :2 kohafe}ety taf
Dukbjtj o` 4>>:. Ybe bjy dee` }tjo`o`c :?&ejt&ahm \edu`oya( sba
cjwe a`h bet ty} `jfe( at 9 fa`}by o` }be ~jy}t duyo`eyy. F
mtejf oy }a a~e` f as` ~jy}t yba~( yjy \edu`oya. So}b }boy
}tjo`o`c O ij` yee bas }a fjke o} j yuiieyy.
Kuhoewjy duyo`eyy oy ctaso`c j`m ybe ij}ety at semmo`cy j`m y~eiojh
ewe`}y as. Safe` eem }be ko`m a k`ashemce O hejt`em j} DDSJ
yefo`jty( ybe yjy. Se bjwe }a u`mety}j`m }be hjsy j`m bas }abj`mhe fa`e( j`m ~ta~eth mejh so}b maiufe`}y. JMD ~talei}y
yu~~at}o`c }tjo`o`c sete wet of~at}j`}.
Itemo} U`oa` Jce`}y at Ibj`ce]be yeia`m ~bjye a JMDy ]tjo`o`c a Safe` E`}te~te`euty o`
Dukbjtj decj` o` 4>>7. ]be Jce`}y @e}satk at Itemo} U`oa`y
o` Dukbjtj( j :4&fa`}b ~talei}( sjy ye} u~ }a }tjo` we DDSJ
fefdety jy itemo} u`oa` jce`}y. ]be cajh sjy }a y~tejm }be satm
jdau} }be de`e}y a itemo} u`oa`y j`m foitaitemo} j`m }a j}}tji}
fate safe`ey~eiojhh }baye o` oyahj}em tutjh iaffu`o}oey. Gowe
jce`ioey sete ye} u~ o` Dukbjtj( yafe o` tefa}e moy}toi}y sbete
jiieyy }a `j`iojh yetwoiey sjy fay} `eemem.
Safe` yehei}em at }tjo`o`c sete jhh DDSJ fefdety so}b fate
}bj` :> ejty er~etoe`ie. Fjbdudj Ybamoewj( 59( Yjdabj} Jmo|awjy
ju`} sba beh~em bet so}b bet deju} yjha`( sjy a`e a }be jce`}y.
O` Fjtib 4>>7( j}et 4 fa`}by }tjo`o`c d we itemo} u`oa` er~et}y(
Ybamoewj j`m }be aut a}bety se`} }a satk o` }beot jyyoc`em
moy}toi}y( bj`mo`c au} ijtmy( bahmo`c fee}o`cy( j`m ybaso`c womea
~teye`}j}oa`y. ]be ~talei} erieemem o}y cajh a tejibo`c 7>>
safe`< }baye yeeko`c o`atfj}oa` ysehhem }a =(:==. Awet :(>>> `es
fefdety lao`em Ufom jy j teyuh} a }be ~talei}.
O} oy j y}tucche }a jiiaffamj}e jhh }be safe` sba sj`} }tjo`o`c(du} o} oy }be fay} of~at}j`} }bo`c se ij` ma }a of~tawe }be y}j}uy a
safe`( yjy Jkbfemawj. ]be }tjo`o`c j`m }be ia`me`ie o} dto`cy
fej`y }be ij yuiieem j} }beot duyo eyy.`
Y f j h h C t
j ` } y I t e j } e
^talei} O`atfj}oa`
Ce`met j`m Meweha~fe`} O`o}oj}owey "4>>44>>5/
Go`j`io`c
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a`we`}oa`jh soymaf yjy ibohmte`
jdyatd jy fuib o` }be ty} 5 ejty a
hoe jy }be ma o` jhh }beot hj}et ejtyiafdo`em.
O` }be }o` Ktc| Te~udhoi wohhjce a Madahu(
basewet( }bete sjy ho}}he o` }be sj a y}ofuhj}oa`.
]be jmuh}y sete duy satko`cfay}h o` ij}}he
dteemo`cj`m }beot ~teyibaah&jcem ibohmte`
ce`etjhh y}jem j} bafe so}b ctj`m~jte`}y at
jfoh toe`my.
$]be ho}}he komy o` }boy wohhjce sete deo`c tjoyem d
}be eocbdatbaam($ yjom Ibah~a`dek ]ohe`djew(
j` JMD emuij}oa` ~talei} iaatmo`j}at o` @jt`
moy}toi}. $O} sjy j ~ut~ayeheyy eroy}e`ie at }bef.$
O` meijmey ~jy}( ibohmte` }btaucbau} }be Ktc|
Te~udhoi de`e}em taf iaf~tebe`yowe ~teyibaah
o`y}o}u}oa`y }bj} agetem emuij}oa` at jhh. Du}
}be ejty ahhaso`c o`me~e`me`ie o` :??: yjs
iu}djiky o` }beye ito}oijh jtejy( hejwo`c fj` ~aat
iaffu`o}oey hoke Madahu }a e`m at }befyehwey.
$J}et }be dtejku~ a }be Yawoe} U`oa` }bete sjy
`a}bo`c bete j} jhh($ yjom ]ohe`djew. $@a}bo`c.$
O`y~oto`c Ibohmte`
MADAHU( K_TC_\ TE^UDHOI
D boho~ Saam
Ejth ibohmbaam emuij}oa` ~tactjfy o` }be
Ktc| Te~udhoi jte of~tawo`c }be bejh}b(
`u}to}oa`( j`m ~yibayaiojh meweha~fe`} a
au`c ibohmte`
^teyibaahy< J Key}a`e]boy hjik a atfjh ~teyibaah emuij}oa` jhya fej`}
}bj} ibohmte` sete heyy hokeh }a de`e} taf }betj`ce a `u}to}oa` j`m bejh}b de`e}y }bj} bjm a`ie
dee` agetem j} yibaah. Geset yibaah fejhy j`m
offu`o|j}oa`y bjm j `ecj}owe of~ji}.O`4>>:( at
o`y}j`ie( j` ey}ofj}em 3% a ibohmte` o` }be Ktc|
Te~udhoi sete fjh`autoybem( j`m}betesete bocb
o`iome`iey a ejyoh ~tewe`}jdhe moyejyey.
O} sjy jcjo`y} }boy djikmta~ }bj} JMD o` 4>>9
j~~tawem }be -:>.5 fohhoa` Iaffu`o}&Djyem
Ejth Ibohmbaam Meweha~fe`} ^talei} }a beh~ }be
cawet`fe`} of~tawe }be bejh}b( `u}to}oa`( j`m
~yibayaiojh meweha~fe`} a ibohmte` u~ }a 2
ejty a jce o` }be ~aatey} fau`}jo`auy jtejy.
]be ~talei} }jkey j bahoy}oi j~~tajib}bj}efdtjiey
ibohm bejh}b j`m u}to}oa`( ejth meweha~fe`}
j`m ijte o` }be bafe( j`m }tjo`o`c o` wohhjcey
j`m iaffu`o}oey.
]be ~talei} oy cejtem }asjtm }be :4 ~aatey}
moy}toi}y o` }be iau`}t j`m bjy ey}jdhoybem yafe
9>> iaffu`o}&djyem ko`metcjt}e`y. ]bj`ky }a
}be yibefe( ~teyibaah j}}e`mj`ie bjy o`itejyem
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^talei} O`atfj}oa`
Iaffu`o}&Djyem Ejth Ibohmbaam Meweha~fe`}
"4>>74>:>/
Go`j`io`c fohhoa ( Lj~j` Gu`m at ^awet}
Temui}oa` "JMD/; -:>.5> fohhoa ( Jyoj` Meweha~fe`}
Gu`m "JMD/; -4.53 fohhoa ( Cawet`fe`} a }be Ktc|
Te~udhoi; -=>>(>>>( iaffu`o}oey
mtjfj}oijhh. O` }be fom&:??>y( a`h 4.5% a
ibohmte` j}}e`mem ~teyibaah; }amj( }bj} cute
y}j`my j} 42%.
Jy sehh jy fjko`c u`my jwjohjdhe }a tebjdoho}j}e at
ia`y}tui} yibaah jioho}oey j`m duohm ~hjctau`my(
}be JMD ~talei} ~tawomey bejh}b j`m `u}to}oa`
yetwoiey j`m }ejibet }tjo`o`c ~tactjfy.
E`cjco`c Y}ume`}y j`m jte`}y]be `es ko`metcjt}e` o` Madahu oy j ~tofe
erjf~he a }be ~tactjf o` ji}oa`.
Ma|e`y a tay&ibeekem ibohmte` mjt} jtau`m }be
yibaahjtm( ibjyo`c a`e j`a}bet j`m yijho`c }be
iahatuh j~~jtj}uy o` }be dtj`m `es ~hjctau`m.O`yome( dtocb} j`m sjtf ihjyytaafy jte hhem so}b
}be yau`m a cjfey j`m hjucb}et.
Ybehwey jte ho`em so}b wahufey a ibohmte`#y
ho}etj}utej`m }bete jte daaky a` ~jte`}o`c(
jy sehh.
^to`io~jh ]ak}adudu Ibakutawj yjy }be daaky
a` ~jte`}o`c jte j` o`}ectjh ~jt} a }be ~talei}
}bj} jofy }a }ejib jmuh}y jdau} wjtoauy jy~ei}y
O ` y ~ o t o ` c
a tjoyo`c o`j`}y( ejth ibohm emuij}oa`( ce`met
oyyuey( j`m bejh}b. Yafe :3(>>> ~jte`}y bjwe
}jke` iautyey o` }beye jtejy jy ~jt} a }be ~talei}.
]be ko`metcjt}e` bjy ibj`cem }be }er}ute
a hoe o` Madahu dea`m teiac`o}oa`. ^jte`}y
yee j mogete`ie o` }beot ibohmte`( j`m }ejibety
a yuiieyyowe ctjmey ij` teiac`o|e yoc`y a
jiiehetj}em meweha~fe`} jy sehh( yjy Ibakutawj.
$]be ctej}ey} eemdjik iafey taf }ejibety j} }be
ty}&ctjme heweh($ ybe yjom. $]be ij` offemoj}eh
y~a} j ibohm sba bjy dee` }btaucb aut ~tactjf
j`m j ibohm sba bjy`#}.$`
3
Y}jt}o`c ejth]be ~talei}}jkey j bahoy}oi j~~tajib }bj}efdtjiey ibohm bejh}b( ejthmeweha~fe`}( ijte o` }be bafe(j`m }tjo`o`c o` wohhjcey
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]btaucb j` emuij}oa` ctj`} taf JMD( }be Ktc| Te~udhoi
bjy tewo}jho|em o}y emuij}oa` yei}at( ~tawomo`c }be djyoiy
}bj} sohh ~te~jte y}ume`}y at caam lady j`m itej}o`c j `es
iuttoiuhuf }a tejm jhh yibaah ibohmte` at satk o` j
famet` eia`af
D Kjjtfj`dek Kuhuew
te~jto`c Y}ume`}y
gat j Famet` Eia`af
Dtjwe `es sathmJ es iaf~u}et ie`}et j`mhj`cujce&hejt`o`c hjd o`}boy Ktc| yibaah jte cowo`cy}ume`}y j ibj`ie }a iaf~e}e o`}amjy famet`( }eib`ahacoijhhjmwj`iem( j`m o`}et`j}oa`jheia`af
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Cuh`j| Efohdekawj oy j :>}b&ctjme ~udhoi
yibaah y}ume`} sba ba~ey }a deiafe
j` jot~at} moy~j}ibetyafea`e sba
iaffu`oij}ey so}b ocb} itesy jdau}
yje} tecuhj}oa`y( sej}bet ia`mo}oa`y( j`m ocb}
~hj`y.
]a ma }bj}( ybe `eemy }a jiboewe j iet}jo`
iaf~e}e`i o` E`choyb.
O uyem }a hejt` E`choyb taf daaky( du} `ewet
bejtm o} o` tejh hoe( yjy Cuh`j|( sba howey o` }be
`at}bet` ~jt} a }be Ktc| Te~udhoi. Se ma`}
bjwe ateoc`ety o` aut wohhjce.
Gat}u`j}eh at Cuh`j|( bet yibaah o` ^j`haw oy
jfa`c ?> }bj} de`e} taf j` emuij}oa` ctj`}
taf JMD. So}b JMD jyyoy}j`ie( }be yibaah bjy j
`es iaf~u}et ie`}et j`m hj`cujce hjdatj}at( jysehh jy of~tawem bej}o`c j`m hocb}o`c.
Ohhufo`j}o`c OmejyDjybawj ]j}oj`j( a`e a }be ha`cey}&yetwo`c
}ejibety j} }be ^j`haw yibaah( meyitodey }be
~etoam deate }be ~talei} jy }be mjtk }ofey.
Ewe` hocb}o`c sjy j yetoauy oyyue at uy( yjy
]j}oj`j( sba oy }be teio~oe`} a j Yawoe}&etj jsjtm
at eriehhe`ie o` emuij}oa`. @as se bjwe }beye
uateyie`} hjf~y( sboib fjke tejmo`c ejyoet.
Muto`c }be ha`c so`}ety( y}ume`}y ij` ia`ie`}tj}e
de}}et a` }beot y}umoey deijuye }be yibaah bjy
j `es bej}o`c yy}ef }bj} kee~y }bef sjtf.
J`m J`jtj( j :=&ejt&ahm at~bj`( j~~teioj}ey }be
`es mo`o`c bjhh duoh} o` bet at~bj`jce( sboib oy
j}}jibem }a }be yibaah.
]be yibaahy `es hj`cujce hjdatj}at oy j daa`
at y}ume`}y hoke Cuh`j|. Deate( so}b hofo}em
a~~at}u`o}oey at hejt`o`c E`choyb( ybe }baucb}
ybe focb} deiafe j ocb} j}}e`mj`}( du} `as ybe
ij` jof at yafe}bo`c ybe `my fate ibjhhe`co`c.
O ij` bejt j`m ~tji}oie f E`choyb( ybe yjy.
Fawo`c j} }be Y~eem a K`ashemceU`met }be Yeia`m Emuij}oa` ^talei}( JMD oy
jhya yu~~at}o`c }be Fo`oy}t a Emuij}oa` }a
famet`o|e }be yibaah iuttoiuhuf; ~udhoyb `es
}er}daaky; j`m }tjo` }ejibety at yibaahy o` tutjh
jtejy j`m o` ~aat iaffu`o}oey sbete yibaah
jioho}oey bjwe dee` ~aat j`m j}}e`mj`ie has.
^J@GOHAW( K_TC_\ TE^UDHOI
^talei} O`atfj}oa`
Of~tawo`c Jiieyy }a Zujho} Djyoi Emuij}oa` at
Ibohmte` so}b Y~eiojh @eemy "4>>34>>?/
Go`j`io`c< -:.> fohhoa ( Lj~j` Gu`m at ^awet}
Temui}oa` ctj`} "JMD/
Yeia`m Emuij}oa` ^talei} "4>>34>>?/
Go`j`io`c< -:5.5 fohhoa ( Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Gu`m
ctj`} "JMD/
]btaucb }boy famet`o|j}oa`( cawet`fe`} aiojhy
ba~e }a ibj`ce }be e`}ote ia`ie~} a emuij}oa` o`
}be iau`}t.
Se howe o` j sathm sboib oy ibj`cem d
}eib`ahacoijh ~tacteyy( sbete iaffu`oij}oa` oyjy}et }bj` ewet( yjy emuij}oa` y~eiojhoy} Cuhfotj
Jt}kdjewj. K`ashemce ce}y au} a mj}e jy}et
}bj` aut yibaahy }ejib o} }a ~u~ohy.
JMD bjy u`mem teyejtib a` j `es iuttoiuhuf(
jy sehh jy }be ~udhoij}oa` a ty}&ctjme }er}daaky
}a de o`}tamuiem o` 4>:>. ]er}daaky at bocbet
ctjmey sohh ahhas hj}et.
J}et }be moyo`}ectj}oa` a }be Yawoe} U`oa`
o` :??:( }be eia`af a }be Ktc| Te~udhoi
iahhj~yem( fjtkem d j 5>% mta~ o` ctayy
mafey}oi ~tamui}. Yudyezue`}h( emuij}oa`( j`m}be `ejt&u`owetyjh ho}etji a }be Yawoe} ~etoam(
me}etoatj}em jy sehh.
Yo`ie }be fom&:??>y( JMD bjy dee` }be iau`}ty
~tofjt yautie a er}et`jh yu~~at} at emuij}oa`.
O} bjy beh~em famet`o|e }be iau`}ty iuttoiuhuf(
y}te`c}be` }ejibet }tjo`o`c( j`m duohm at te`awj}e
tutjh yibaahy.
J} }be }ut` a }be 4:y} ie`}ut( eia`afoi
ia`mo}oa`y of~tawem( j`m cawet`fe`} u`mo`c
at emuij}oa` ctjmujhh o`itejyem. ]amj( }becawet`fe`} ia`yoy}e`}h y~e`my fate a`
emuij}oa` }bj` a` j` a}bet yo`che o}ef o` }be
`j}oa`jh dumce}.
JMD tefjo`y j iate ~jt}`et at }be cawet`fe`}
o` o}y e`mejwat }a of~tawe jiieyy }a zujho}
emuij}oa` }bj} sohh ~te~jte }be iau`}ty ibohmte`
at o}y ibj`co`c eia`af.`
?
^ t e ~ j t o ` c Y } u m e ` } y
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J` JMD&yu~~at}em fommhe yibaah ~talei}
oy fjko`c }be mtejf a j` emuij}oa`
j tejho} at jkoy}j`y tutjh cothy
D Ljfey Bu}iboya`
Bjltj
Emuij}o`c
Tjoyo`c bj`my( tocb}o`c boy}at]bj`ky }a j` JMD&yu~~at}emFommhe Yibaah tactjf( sboibbeh~y cothy y}j o` yibaah( au`csafe` hoke }beye ij` fjke tejhia`}todu}oa`y o` }be ihjyytaaf(ibj`co`c haijh a~o`oa`y jdau}cothy j`m emuij}oa`
:>
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Bjltj y}j`my u~. ]be :9&ejt&ahm eocb}b
ctjmet ia`me`}h j`ysety j fj}b
zuey}oa` }bj} `a`e a }be day o` bet
ihjyy ij`. Bet }ejibet( Fj`|aat Jho
Jddjyo( yjy ~taumh( Ybe oy aut }a~ y}ume`}.
Jddjyo( =4( }ejibey j} Yukkut Fommhe Yibaah(
sboib bjy de`e}em taf j` JMD&yu~~at}em
~tactjf }a beh~ ^jkoy}j`y fommhe yibaahyj
~tactjf }bj} bjy y~eioijhh }jtce}em efjhe
y}ume`}y. Yjy Jddjyo( @a`e a }be cothy o` }boy
ihjyy sauhm bjwe ca}}e` ~jy} ctjme we so}bau}
}be Fommhe Yibaah ^talei}.
]be Fommhe Yibaah ^talei}Ho}etji tj}ey o` jkoy}j` y}ohh jhh debo`m a}bet
iau`}toey o` }be tecoa`( ~jt}oiuhjth jfa`c
safe`. Jh}baucb }be ~etie`}jce a ho}etj}e
efjhey taye }a 75% o` 4>>7( u~ taf 5:% o`:??:( ^jkoy}j`y iutte`} ~tacteyy a` ce`met
~jto} o` ~tofjt emuij}oa` oy tj}em d JMD jy
yhas j`m ag&}tjik.
O` :??4( }be cawet`fe`} tezuey}em JMD haj`
jyyoy}j`ie a -32 fohhoa` }a er~j`m j`m of~tawe
fommhe yibaah emuij}oa` o` Djhaiboy}j ( @at}b
Sey} Gta`}oet ^tawo`ie( j`m Yo`mb. ]be ~tactjf
ey~eiojhh e`iautjcem }be ~jt}oio~j}oa` a
cothy hoke Bjltj~aat cothy taf tutjh jtejyd
ageto`c y}o~e`my at efjhe y}ume`}y o` ctjmey
yor }btaucb eocb} j`m d o`itejyo`c zujhoem}ejibety o` da}b tutjh j`m utdj` yhuf jtejy.
]be ~talei} sjy ia`ieowem }a jiiaffamj}e j
yutce o` }be `ufdet a y}ume`}y er~ei}em }a
iaf~he}e ~tofjt yibaah. J `j}oa`jh ~tactjf
j} }be emetjh heweh o`o}oj}em iuttoiuhuf
teatf( ~ta}a}~e }er}daak meweha~fe`}( j`m
y}ume`} jiboewefe`} }ey}o`c. ]be ~byoijh
of~tawefe`}y a yibaahy o` }be ~talei} cjwe
ejib j` jwetjce a }btee ihjyytaafy( j yioe`ie
taaf( j`m djyoi jfe`o}oey iaf~toyo`c j bejm
}ejibety taaf( wetj`mj( }aohe}( bj`m ~uf~ at
sj}et( j`m j dau`mjt sjhh.
Yukkut Fommhe Yibaah to`io~jh Yaafjt Kbj`
Fefaf ~ao`}y au} }bj} deate }be Fommhe
Yibaah ^talei}( boy yibaah sjy a`h at ~tofjt
y}ume`}y u~ }a ctjme we. So}b te`awj}em
ihjyytaafy( `es meyky( daaky( }aohe}y( j`m fate
y}jg( se sete jdhe }a e`tahh 3> `es y}ume`}y(
fay}h cothy( be yjy.
E m u i j } o `
c B j l t j
YUKKUT( ^JKOY]J@ ]ejibet ]tjo`o`cJha`c so}b awet :5(>>> a}bet }ejibety o` }be
~talei}( Fj`|aat j}}e`mem j =&seek }tjo`o`c
iautye( jizuoto`c `es ykohhy }bj} fjme bof
j de}}et }ejibet. Deate( O uyem a`h }be
dhjikdajtm( du} `as }be y}ume`}y satk o`
~joty j`m }ejibo`c oy o`}etji}owe ya }be hejt`
fuib fate( be yjy( `a}o`c }bj} ~tawoyoa` a}er}daaky( hodtjt daaky( j`m cuomey at }ejibety
fjme j doc mogete`ie( so}b 47(3>> }ejibety
bj`mdaaky ~tawomem }a }ejibo`c y}jg o` }be
}btee ~tawo`iey.
Gaut seeky a o`&yetwoie }tjo`o`c sjy cowe`
}a yafe 5(5>> u`}tjo`em }ejibety }a of~tawe
yudlei} iaf~e}e`i( j`m :5(5>> fommhe yibaah
}ejibety teieowem :> mjy }tjo`o`c o` }be tewoyem
iuttoiuhuf( so}b =(>>> fommhe yibaah bejm
}ejibety }tjo`em o` j 7&seek iautye a` yibaah
fj`jcefe`} j`m yu~etwoyoa`.
Beh~o`c Cothy Deiafe Y}ume`}yj`m ]ejibety
]a tehoewe ~aat tutjh jfohoey a }be `j`iojh
dutme` }bj} a}e` ~tewe`}y }bef taf ye`mo`c
}beot mjucb}ety }a yibaah( j tutjh cothy y}o~e`m
~tactjf beh~em j `ufdet a cothy iaf~he}e
fommhe yibaaho`c( ewe` o` tefa}e jtejy.
]a zujho at }be ~tactjf( ij`momj}ey `eemem
}a de e`tahhem o` j` ehocodhe tutjh yibaah j`m
}a bjwe j}}e`mem ctjme we so}b jiie~}jdhe
j}}e`mj`ie j`m ~etatfj`ie. ]a tejib ~aat
Ezujh a~~at}u`o}oey]be Fommhe Yibaah ^talei} bjy ibj`cem bas daytehj}e }a cothy o` }be ihjyytaaf
LjfeyBu}iboya`
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jfohoey( }be ~talei} tezuotem }be j``ujh
o`iafe a }be jfoh u`o} }a de heyy }bj`
:>(>>> jkoy}j` tu~eey "^Ty/ "jdau} -::?/.
]be ~jte`}y at cujtmoj`y bjm }a ~tafoye }a
kee~ }beot mjucb}et at sjtm o` yibaah u`}oh
ctjme eocb} d yoc`o`c j` jcteefe`} so}b }be
moy}toi} emuij}oa` aiet. A`h a`e de`eiojt
~et jfoh sjy ehocodhe( so}b ~teete`ie at
^talei} O`atfj}oa`
Fommhe Yibaah ^talei} ":??=4>>2/
Go`j`io`c< -32.>> fohhoa ( Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Gu`m
"JMD/; -44.5> fohhoa ( Cawet`fe`} a ^jkoy}j`
}be ehmey}. toato} sjy cowe` }a at~bj`y j`m
bj`moij~~em cothy. ]be y}o~e`m ~tawomem j`
j``ujh ijyb j`m daak jhhasj`ie a ^Ty:(=>>
"jdau} -:3/ }a ejib de`eiojt( tejibo`c j }a}jh
a 5>(=9> y}ume`}y o` }be }btee ~tawo`iey.
J tutjh }ejibet e`bj`iefe`} y}o~e`m ~tactjf
`a} a`h jyyoy}em efjhe y}ume`}y sba sj`}em}a deiafe }ejibety du} jhya beh~em o`itejye
}be `ufdet a efjhe }ejibety o` tutjh jtejy.
J ij`momj}e bjm }a de iutte`}h e`tahhem o`
j tutjh yibaah j`m j}}e`mo`c ctjme :>( so}b
jiie~}jdhe j}}e`mj`ie j`m ~etatfj`ie
teiatmy. Bet ~jte`}y at cujtmoj`y sete tezuotem
}a fjke j iaffo}fe`}< }bj} ybe sauhm
iaf~he}e }be }ejibety }tjo`o`c ~tactjf j}
j cawet`fe`} iahhece j`m }bj} }be sauhm
~etfo} bet }a jiie~} j` jyyoc`fe`} o` j tutjh
fommhe yibaah at 9 ejty j}et ybe `oybem bet
iautye. ]be y}o~e`m ~tawomem j fa`}bh jfau`}a ^Ty45> "jdau} -9/ ~huy j` j``ujh daak
jhhasj`ie a }be yjfe jfau`}. Awetjhh( :(=>>
jy~oto`c }ejibety teieowem }boy y}o~e`m.
Ibj`co`c Iaffu`o}oeyJ} Yukkut Fommhe Yibaah( a`e ij` adyetwe
j`a}bet of~at}j`} jy~ei} a }be ~tactjf< o`
ihjyytaafy hoke Bjltjy( day j`m cothy y}um yome
d yome.
O} bjy ibj`cem bas }be day tehj}e }a cothy o`
}be ihjyytaaf( yjy Fj`|aat.
Forem ihjyyey ay}et ce`met ezuo} d
meweha~o`c j fate o`ihuyowe j}}o}ume }asjtm
cothy jfa`c au`c fjhey. Du} }be ihjyyey ma
fate }bj` }bj}. ^talei} yibaahy hoke Yukkut(
sboib bjwe a~e`em }beot maaty }a tutjh cothy(
bjwe itej}em u`~teieme`}em a~~at}u`o}oey at
}beye cothy o` }beot iaffu`o}oey d ibj`co`c
j}}o}umey }asjtm efjhe yibaaho`c.
D }be }ofe o} sjy iaf~he}em( }be ~talei} bjm
de`e}em 3>(=54 y}ume`}y j`m u~ctjmem 7>?
~tofjt yibaahy( o`ihumo`c 99: cothy yibaahy(cowo`c }bauyj`my a dtocb} au`c cothy hoke Bjltj
}be a~~at}u`o} at j de}}et emuij}oa` j`m }be
a~~at}u`o}oey ~tawomem d a`e. `
Cothy fjko`c }be ctjme ]be ~tactjf }jtce}y efjhe y}ume`}y( hoke Bjltj"he}/ j`m bet ihjyyfj}e( j`m cowey }bef o`ie`}owey }a y}j o` yibaah.Jy }ejibet Fj`|aat Jho Jddjyo jik`ashemcey( fj` coth y}ume`}y sauhm`a} fjke o} }a fommhe yibaah so}bau} }boy ~talei}
]be y}ume`} deiafey }be }ejibet ]ejibet }tjo`o`c beh~y }ejibety itej}efate o`}etji}owe( y}ume`}&ie`}etem ihjyytaafy( sbete y}ume`}y ij` hejt`taf ejib a}bet
LjfeyBu}iboya`
LjfeyBu}iboya`
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::
J y}um yj`i}ujt]boy JMD&yu~~at}em hodtjto`]jlokoy}j` bjy deiafe j`o`y~oto`chejt`o`c y~jie at bocb yibaahy}ume`}y. _au`c fe j`m safe`tejm j`m sto}e u`met }be sj}ibuhee a }beot }ejibet
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:=
Sjhko`c }btaucb }be yibaah fuyeufj} Yjfjtkj`m Io} Yibaah @ufdet
4:( Motei}at Yjatj Fehokawj ~ao`}y
au} djcy( ~e`y( o`ksehhy( j`m ahm
}er}daaky( jhh o` uye sbe` ybe decj` }ejibo`c
bete 99 ejty jca. U|dekoy}j`y emuij}oa`
yy}ef oy cao`c }btaucb }be doccey} ibj`cey O
bjwe ewet yee`( ybe yjy.
O` }be iaut}jtm a }be yibaah( a`e a }be ahmey}
o` }be iau`}t j`m sbete ^teyome`} Oyhjf Kjtofaw
ctjmuj}em so}b ba`aty o` :?55( ybe ~ao`}y au}
`es te`awj}oa`y( ~jt} a yewetjh cawet`fe`}o`o}oj}owey }bj} jte }tj`yatfo`c }be iau`}ty
emuij}oa` yy}ef.
A`e a }be fay} woyodhe j`m of~at}j`}atbet
:(5>> y}ume`}y j`m }beot jfohoey j`m }ejibetybjy
dee` j ~talei} u`mem d JMD }bj}dtaucb}
jgatmjdhe }er}daaky }a }be `j}oa`y yibaah ibohmte`>=/
Go`j`io`c fohhoa ( Cawet`fe`} a U|dekoy}j`
Y~eiojh Gu`m
Daako`c }be satk atie a }be u}ute @es }er}daaky j`m `esiuttoiuhufy ef~aset }beye au`c ~ea~he j`m ~te~jte }bef }a lao` }besatkatie j`m ueh U|dekoy}j`y eia`afoi ctas}b
LjfeyBu}iboya`
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:2
Hej~gtacco c}a Fadohe ]ehe~ba`JMD oy beh~o`c Jcbj`oy}j`y hjtcey} }eheiaf a~etj}at meweha~
`j}oa`some fadohe ~ba`e o`tjy}tui}ute j`m er~j`m iehhuhjt yetwoiey
:2
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:
Meijmey a ia`oi} mewjy}j}em
Jcbj`oy}j`y iaffu`oij}oa` yy}efy.
Gorem }ehe~ba`e ho`ey jte wot}ujhh
jdye`} o` j iau`}t so}b tuccem }ettjo`(
hofo}em ehei}toio}( ~aat tajmy j`m ~ay}jh yetwoiey(
j`m j` u`y}jdhe yeiuto} yo}uj}oa`.
]be jttowjh a fadohe ~ba`ey( }beteate(
te~teye`}em j }eheiaf tewahu}oa`( e`jdho`c }be
iau`}t}a hej~tac y}tjocb} }a 4:y}&ie`}ut
yj}ehho}e }eib`ahac.
O} bjy e`jdhem jfohoey moy~hjiem d }be ia`oi}
}a tefjo` ia``ei}em( duyo`eyy as`ety }a fate
ejyoh yejtib at caam ~toiey j`m tefjo` o`atfem(
j`m oyahj}em iaffu`o}oey }a ut}bet o`}ectj}e o`}a
}be eia`af. O} bjy jhya ~tawomem djyoi dj`ko`c
u`i}oa`y o` j iau`}t sbete dj`ko`c oy hofo}em(
du} tefo}}j`iey ~hj j wo}jh eia`afoi tahe.
Mefj`m at fadohe ~ba`ey sjy y}ta`c taf
}be au}ye}( du} yetwoie tahhau} sjy ia`y}tjo`em
d hofo}em `j`io`c a~}oa`y o` }be ibjhhe`co`c
~aho}oijh j`m yeiuto} e`wota`fe`}.
So}b beh~ taf JMDy ~towj}e yei}at a~etj}oa`y(
basewet( }be ]eheiaf Meweha~fe`} Iaf~j`
Jcbj`oy}j`k`as` jy Taybj` j`m }be hjtcey}
a~etj}at so}b awet 9.4 fohhoa` yudyitodety
bjy dee` jdhe }a er~j`m o}y fadohe `e}satk
o`tjy}tui}ute `j}oa`some j`m of~tawe o}y tj`ce ayetwoiey. O` Luh 4>>2( JMD ~tawomem o}y }botm haj`
}a }be ~taieyy( }boy }ofe -7> fohhoa`. ]boy ahhasem
haj`y a -95 fohhoa` o` hj}e 4>>= j`m -95 fohhoa` o`
fom&4>>7.
]be meweha~fe`} of~ji} a fadohe ~ba`ey
bjy y~tejm jitayy }be iau`}t j`m }btaucb jhh
hewehy a yaioe}( yjy Itjoc Y}ege`ye`( JMDy
iau`}t motei}at at Jcbj`oy}j`. Bjwo`c jiieyy
}a o`atfj}oa` j`m k`ashemce oy jy ito}oijh at
}be emuij}oa` a }be au`cjhfay} bjh }be
~a~uhj}oa` oy u`met :5jy o} oy at }be yaiojh
meweha~fe`} a safe`.
So}b er~j`yoa`( Taybj` bjy dee` jdhe }a haset
}be iay} a o}y fadohe ~ba`e yetwoiey( o`itejyo`c
jiieyyodoho} }a }be ~aat.
O``awj}owe YetwoieyJfa`c o}y o``awj}oa`y( Taybj` o`}tamuiem F&~joyj(
j yat} a fadohe sjhhe}( e`jdho`c }be }tj`yet
a u`my d fadohe ~ba`e o` j zuoik( ejy( yje(
j`m iay}&egei}owe sj at ~eet&}a&~eet }tj`yet(
KJTJIBO( ^JKOY]J@
H e j ~ g t a c
c o ` c } a
te~jfe`} a foita`j`ie haj`y( ~utibjye a
jot}ofe( j`m yjhjt moydutyefe`}. ]boy bjy dtaucb}
`j`iojh }tj`yji}oa` yetwoiey }a j iau`}t sbete
a`h 9% a }be ~a~uhj}oa` bjy j dj`k jiiau`}.
Iau`}tsome( Taybj` ye}y u~ ~udhoi ijhh aiey at
}baye so}bau} j fadohe ~ba`e( ~jt}`eto`c so}b
Goty} Foita`j`ie Dj`k }a he`m e`}te~te`eutyij~o}jh }a ye} u~ }be aiey. Taybj` jhya yu~~at}y
safe`&a`h ~udhoi ijhh jioho}oey( j` of~at}j`}
ej}ute cowe` a`cao`c ce`met yectecj}oa`.
]be iaf~j` oy jhya o`y}jhho`c yahjt ~ba}awah}joi
~j`ehy }a ~aset }eheiaf }asety( }buy temuio`c
moeyeh ueh ia`yuf~}oa` j`m ctee`bauye cjy
efoyyoa`y. J`m o` 4>>?( o} ~oha}em ]tjme@e}( sboib
~tawomey jtfety so}b fjtke} ~toiey }btaucb }er}
feyyjco`c( sboib jhhasy jtfety j`m }tjmety }a
yeiute }be dey} ~toiey at }beot ita~y.
]ehefemoio`e< Ho`ko`c Bejh}b Satketyso}b Er~et}yA` j somet heweh( }be ~tawoyoa` a fadohe }eheiaf
yetwoiey oy beh~o`c of~tawe }be mehowet a
eyye`}ojh yetwoiey yuib jy bejh}b ijte( emuij}oa`(
j`m yeiuto}.
Taybj` bjy ~oa`eetem j }ehefemoio`e ~talei}
}bj} ho`ky mai}aty o` Kjduh j`m o` j tutjh bay~o}jh
o` Djfj` }a fate er~etoe`iem y}jg j} }be Jcj
Kbj` U`owetyo} Bay~o}jh o` Kjtjibo( ^jkoy}j`. "]be
Jcj Kbj` Gu`m at Eia`afoi Meweha~fe`} oy
Taybj`y fjlato} ybjtebahmet/. ]boy ~a}e`}ojhhhoe&yjwo`c }ehefemoio`e ~talei} bjy of~ji}em
}be howey a =>> ~j}oe`}y j`m }tjo`em 9>> Jcbj`
femoijh ~etya``eh. O} iauhm ~hj j ke tahe o`
teia`y}tui}o`c Jcbj`oy}j`y bejh}b ijte yy}ef.
Kbjhom J`yjto( j tjmoahacoy} j} }be Gte`ib Femoijh
O`y}o}u}e at Ibohmte` "GFOI/( uyey }ehefemoio`e
}a }tj`yfo} ofjcet taf }be bay~o}jhy fjc`e}oi
teya`j`ie&ofjco`c yij``et }a iahhejcuey o`
Kjtjibo. O se bjwe j iaf~hoij}em mojc`ayoy( o}
}jkey luy} a`e ihoik }a ~u} }be ~oi}utey a` aut
yetwet j`m ye`m }bef }a }be Jcj Kbj` Bay~o}jh(
sboib ij` ye`m uy djik j te~at} so}bo` 4= bauty(be yjy.
@a} ha`c jca( GFOI ey}jdhoybem j ia``ei}oa` so}b
j ~tawo`iojh bay~o}jh o` tefa}e Djfj`( sboib
bjy := ~byoioj`y yetwo`c fate }bj` 7>>(>>>
~ea~he. O` j` o`}etwoes d womea ho`k( fafe`}y
j}et j ihjyy a` o`ei}oa` ia`}tah( bay~o}jh fj`jcet
Fj}}bes Tamoeik yjom( Se jte wet oyahj}em bete(
du} o a`e a aut y~eiojhoy}y iafey jitayy j ijye
}bj}y moiuh} }a u`mety}j`m( be at ybe ij` dto`c
:
H e j ~ g t a c
c o ` c } a
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4>
}be ~j}oe`} }a }be }ehefemoio`e taaf j`m ia`yuh}so}b j ~byoioj` o` Kjduh at Kjtjibo.
]be ho`k ij` jhya de uyem at femoijh emuij}oa`>=4>>7/
Y~a`yaty< Jhij}eh ^jt}oio~j}oa`y YJ.( Fa`jia
]eheiaf O`}et`j}oa`jh( FI] Iat~atj}oa`( Jcj Kbj`
Gu`m at Eia`afoi Meweha~fe`}
Go`j`io`c< -95 fohhoa ( ^towj}e Yei}at haj` "JMD/
Taybj` Er~j`yoa` ^talei} "^bjye OO/ "4>>74>>2/
Y~a`yaty< Fa`jia ]eheiaf O`}et`j}oa`jh( FI]
Iat~atj}oa ( Jcj Kbj` Gu`m at Eia`afoiMeweha~fe`}
Go`j`io`c< -95 fohhoa ( ^towj}e Yei}at haj` "JMD/;
-9> fohhoa ( JMD D&Haj ; -:5 fohhoa ( ^aho}oijh Toyk
Cujtj`}ee "JMD/
Taybj` Er~j`yoa` ^talei} "^bjye OOO/ "4>>24>:>/
Y~a`yaty< Fa`jia ]eheiaf O`}et`j}oa`jh(
]ehojYa`etj( Jcj Kbj` Gu`m at Eia`afoi
Meweha~fe`}
Go`j`io`c< -7> fohhoa ( ^towj}e Yei}at haj` "JMD/
Mt. Womea ]boy me`}oy} oy uyo`c j womea ho`k }a cuome bet o` bet satk. Bejh}b~taeyyoa`jhy eeh heyy oyahj}em so}b womea ho`ky( sboib jte jhya deo`c uyemat femoijh emuij}oa`
]be ]eheiaf Meweha~fe`}
Iaf~j` Jcbj`oy}j`
k`as` jy Taybj`bjy
~oa`eetem j }ehefemoio`e
~talei} }bj} ho`ky mai}aty o`
Kjduh }a y}jg j} }be Jcj Kbj`
U`owetyo} Bay~o}jh o` Kjtjibo(
^jkoy}j`. ]boy ~a}e`}ojhh
hoe&yjwo`c ~talei} bjy beh~em
=>> ~j}oe`}y j`m }tjo`em 9>>
Jcbj` femoijh ~etya``eh.
Bocb&}eib bejh}b]ehefemoio`e e`jdhey ha`c&moy}j`ie mojc`ayoy afemoijh ia`mo}oa`y
Ljya`^.Base
Ljya`^.Base
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]be cawet`fe`}( so}b beh~ taf JMD( oy temuio`c
wuh`etjdoho} }a aamy o` ]jlokoy}j`( sboib bjy yugetem
taf j hjik a hewee fjo`}e`j`ie o` }be ejty ahhaso`c
o`me~e`me`ie
D boho~ Saam
Gowe ejty jca( }be ysahhe` j`l Towet
yutcem awet j yetoey a j`}ozuj}em
efdj`kfe`}y o` ]jlokoy}j`#y et}ohe
Bjfjma`o moy}toi}( ysee~o`c jsj
ewet}bo`c }bj} hj o` o}y ~j}b.
]be towet }ut`em o`}a j` jwjhj`ibe a fum j`m
sj}et($ teijhhy Cjmao Fjyjufaw( sba as`y sbj}
sjy a`ie j towetyome tey}jutj`} o` }be }as` a
Bjfjma`o.
$Sbe` se te}ut`em }a }be jtej a`e mj hj}et(
}be sj}et heweh sjy bocbet }bj` O jf($ jmmem
Fjyjufaw( tjoyo`c j` jtf bocb jdawe boy bejm.
O`iafey Sjybem Jsj]bj`ky }a jmwj`iem sjt`o`c yy}efy j`m j yso}
cawet`fe`} tey~a`ye( }be gaam o` ]jlokoy}j`#y
yau}bsey}et` Kbj}ha` ~tawo`ie ijuyem a j}jho}oey.
Du} fate }bj` 45> duohmo`cy sete mey}taem( jha`c
so}b tajmy( dtomcey( j`m sj}et }asety.
]be jtej#y jtfety sete ezujhh bjtm&bo}( jyyafe =(>>> bei}jtey a ]jlokoy}j`#y toibey} jtjdhe
}a~yaoh sjy yse~} jsj. O` j iau`}t sbete fate
}bj` 7>% a }be ~a~uhj}oa` tehoey a` jctoiuh}ute
jy o}y fjlat yautie a o`iafe( }bj} fej`} }bj}
howehobaamy sete yse~} jsj jy sehh.
$Aut ~ea~he jte fay}h o`wahwem o` jctoiuh}ute( o`
ctaso`c tuo} j`m ~a}j}aey j`m a`oa`y($ yjom Yo}jf
BJFJMA@O( ]JLOKOY]J@
Ibj`co c}be Iautye ag Efetce`ioey
4
Bas }a bahm a j towetBuce mokey a ejt}b j`m taik(duoh} so}b yu~~at} taf JMD(~ta}ei} }be ~ea~he a Bjfjma`otaf }be j`l Towet( sboib oyo`itejyo`ch ~ta`e }a aamo`c
^ i o k o ` c U
~
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Ybjtoaw( j teyome`} a Bjfjma`o. $Du} }be aam
mey}taem jhh a aut jctoiuh}utjh ehmy. ^ea~he hay}
}beot bjtwey}y j`m ya hay} }beot o`iafe.$
Me~u} Iboe a Bjfjma`o Moy}toi} Jdmuljdat
Kj}jew yutwey djtte` hj`myij~e }bj} y}te}ibey
jy jt jy }be ee ij` yee. O} oy djte( yj`m er~j`ye
iawetem o` fum ~ohey j`m ho}}etem so}b ibu`ky aia`ite}e.
$]be aam mey}taem }be dtomce( }be tajm(
teyome`}ojh bauyebahmy( yjom Kj}jew. ]sa
y}tee}y o` a`e wohhjce sete uhh aamem( ya uhh
mey}taem.$
JMD ]jlokoy}j` Iau`}t Motei}at Fjka}a Alota yjy
}be yaioaeia`afoi of~ji} a sbj} bj~~e`em o`
Kbj}ha` oy y}ohh deo`c eh} }btaucbau} }be ~tawo`ie.
$]bete oy j y}ta`c ho`k de}see` aamy j`m ~awet}(
j`m o` Kbj}ha` }bete sjy j wet yudy}j`}ojh hayya howehobaam($ Alota yjom( jmmo`c }bj} teyome`}y a
}be jtej bjwe er~etoe`iem moyejye( me}etoatj}o`c
mto`ko`c sj}et zujho}( j`m a}bet bjtmybo~y sboib(
o` }ut`( bjwe hem }a ctej}et efoctj}oa`.
Fo}ocj}oa` Fejyutey taf Ejt}b j`m TaikSo}b o}y fau`}jo`auy }ettjo` j`m bocb hewehy
a tjo`jhh( ]jlokoy}j` bjy jhsjy dee` ~ta`e }a
aamo`c j`m a}bet `j}utjh moyjy}ety. Du} }be aam
a 4>>5 sjy u`~teieme`}em.
J hjik a tau}o`e fjo`}e`j`ie o` }be }ufuh}uauyejty ahhaso`c ]jlokoy}j`#y o`me~e`me`ie o` :??:
sjy hjtceh tey~a`yodhe at }be johute a }be mokey
}a ia`}jo` }be towet.
JMD bjy ~tawomem j -44 fohhoa` haj` at }be
Kbj}ha` ^tawo`ie Toyk Fj`jcefe`} ^talei} }a beh~
~tewe`} u}ute aamo`c.
]be ~talei} te~teye`}y j ybo} taf teji}owe(
o`tjy}tui}ute&atoe`}em aam ia`}tah }a j
iaf~tebe`yowe( o`}ectj}em( j`m ~taji}owe
j~~tajib }a aam fj`jcefe`}.
J fjlat ~jt} a }be ~talei} oy }be tebjdoho}j}oa` a
2.9 kohafe}ety a aam ~ta}ei}oa` efdj`kfe`}
jha`c }be ^j`l Towet. J} }be ~talei} yo}e( sboib
jdu}y ]jlokoy}j`#y datmet so}b Jcbj`oy}j`( datmet
cujtmy ~j}tah jy buce }tuiky bjuh o` yaoh( taik( j`m
ejt}b.
]be fj}etojhy jte ~jikem o`}a bocb( yha~o`c
efdj`kfe`}y }bj} jte iawetem so}b ia`ite}e
dhaiky. ]beye mokey sohh tejib jhfay} :> fe}ety
]be yo|e a moyjy}et Cjmao Fjyjufaw ybasy bas
bocb }be ^j`l Towet taye muto`c j ij}jy}ta~boiaam o` 4>>5 }bj} sjybem jsj tajmy( dtomcey( j`mhowehobaamy
o` beocb}( j uhh 9 fe}ety }jhhet }bj` }be sjhhy
dtejibem o` 4>>5.
Fjtk Ku`|et( j ye`oat e`wota`fe`}jh y~eiojhoy}
so}b JMDy Ie`}tjh j`m Sey} Jyoj Me~jt}fe`}(
yjom }be `es efdj`kfe`}y sohh beh~ ~ta}ei} }be
jtej taf }be ihofj}e ibj`ce of~ji}y }bj} jte
o`itejyo`ch deo`c eh} o` }be Bo`mu Kuyb j`m }be^jfot fau`}jo`y( j`m sboib jte ijuyo`c chjioety
}a feh} j} jiiehetj}em tj}ey.
$]boy sohh teyuh} o` o`itejyem asy o` }be towety
a }be tecoa`( yuib jy }be ^j`l( sboib jte em
d chjioet feh} taf }be fau`}jo`y($ Ku`|et
yjom. $Ihofj}e ibj`ce oy hokeh }a jh}et }tjmo}oa`jh
sej}bet ~j}}et`y j`m jhya dto`c jdau} fate
er}tefe sej}bet ewe`}y. Sbe` }be aiiutte`ie a
er}tefe ewe`}y oy iafdo`em so}b }be o`itejyem
44
Ce``jmoTj}uybe`ka
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^ i o k o ` c U
~
towet asy( }bete oy j yoc`oij`} ~a}e`}ojh at
ut}bet yetoauy aamo`c o` }be tecoa`.$
]be ~talei} teatfy bjwe ca`e dea`m duohmo`c
~byoijh efdj`kfe`}y. JMD jyyoy}j`ie bjy
beh~em }be cawet`fe`} duohm awet :9> bauyey
jsj taf aam&~ta`e jtejy j`m }a of~tawe aam
fj`jcefe`} yy}efy. ]boy o`ihumey u~ctjmo`c
sjt`o`c feibj`oyfy( de}}et fjo`}e`j`ie a
~ta}ei}oa` y}tui}utey( j`m `es tecuhj}oa`y }a
tey}toi} hj`m uye o` bocb&toyk jtejy.
JMD bjy jhya beh~em }be cawet`fe`} u`met}jke
}a~actj~boijh( yaiojh( e`wota`fe`}jh( j`m
eia`afoi yutwey( j`m ia`mui} iaf~u}et
fameho`c a aamem jtejy. Gtaf }beye yutwey(
toyk fj~y sete ~te~jtem.
^talei} O`atfj}oa`
Kbj}ha` ^tawo`ie Toyk Fj`jcefe`} ^talei}
"4>>74>:>/
Go`j`io`c fohhoa ( Lj~j` Gu`m at
^awet} Temui}oa` "JMD/; -5>>(>>>( ]eib`oijh
Jyyoy}j`ie Y~eiojh Gu`m "JMD/; -44.> fohhoa (
Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Gu`m "JMD/; -7.7:4 fohhoa (
Cawet`fe`} a ]jlokoy}j`
]a of~tawe ateijy}o`c( }be cawet`fe`} bjy
tebjdoho}j}em j`m famet`o|em }be Jce`i at
Bmtafe}eatahacy ihofj}e y}j}oa`y j`m towet
cjucey( jy sehh jy }be jce`iy mj}jdjye.
$Sbe` se bjwe `oybem }boy ~talei}( Kj}jew
yjom( }be sbahe ~a~uhj}oa` a }be jtej sohh de
~ta}ei}em taf u}ute aamy.$`
Yutweo`c }be mjfjce Me~u} Iboe a Bjfjma`o Moy}toi} Jdmuljdat Kj}jew ~ao`}y }a }be tefjo`y a }be }as`y dtomce( mey}taem d
}be u`~teieme`}em aam a 4>>5
Ce``jmoTj}uybe`ka
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Duohmo`cDjik De}}et
D Ljfey Bu}iboya`
Woi}ofy a j mewjy}j}o`c ejt}bzujke o` ^jkoy}j`jte teduohmo`c }beot bafey so}b }beot as` bj`my
4=
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Aut bauye( jtf( howey}aik( se hay}
ewet}bo`c o` }be ejt}bzujke( yjy YbjbomjFjzyaam.
Awet 9.5 fohhoa` a}bety hoke Ybjbomj j`mbetjfoh
a we sete he} mey}o}u}e d }be fjyyowe ejt}bzujke
}bj} y}tuik }be @at}bSey} Gta`}oet tawo`ie j`m
yuttau`mo`c jtejy a` }be fat`o`c a 2 Ai}adet
4>>5( }jko`c j` ey}ofj}em 2>(>>> howey.
JMDy tey~a`ye sjy fuh}ojie}em. Goty} o} ~hemcem
-: dohhoa` o` dohj}etjh ctj`}y j`m haj`y}a }be
^jkoy}j` Ejt}bzujke Gu`m j`m of~hefe`}em }be
Ejt}bzujke Efetce`i Jyyoy}j`ie ^talei}( sboib
yu~~at}y }be cawet`fe`}y egat}y }a tebjdoho}j}eejt}bzujke&bo} jtejy. JMD ~tawomem jyyoy}j`ie
}a teia`y}tui} ~aset ctomy( tajmy( yibaahy( tutjh
bauyey( j`m bejh}b jioho}oey. Ehei}toio} oy deo`c
tey}atem o` jgei}em jtejy }btaucb tebjdoho}j}oa`
a ? bmta~aset y}j}oa`y j`m :> ctom y}j}oa`y.
JMD oy jhya teia`y}tui}o`c =99 ~tofjt j`m
fommhe yibaahy uyo`c y}j}e&a&}be&jt} hocb} y}eeh
tjfe duohmo`cy }bj} jte ejy }a jyyefdhe j`m
ejt}bzujke teyoy}j`}.
JDDA]]JDJM( JKOY]J@ ]beye ~talei}y sete meyoc`em a} }a tey}ate
iaffu`o}oey }a ~te&zujke ia`mo}oa`y( du} }a duohm
djik de}}et}a fjke jgei}em `eocbdatbaamy
fate ~tay~etauy j`m fate teyohoe`} }bj` }besete deate 2 Ai}adet 4>>5.
O``awj}owe Teduohmo`c YibefeA`e a }be cawet`fe`}#y cajhy sjy }a teia`y}tui}
j`m tebjdoho}j}e bauyey ya }bj} }be sauhm de
ejt}bzujke teyoy}j`}. O` 4>>3( }a yu~~at} }boycajh(
JMD fjme j yeia`m efetce`i jyyoy}j`iehaj`
a -=>> fohhoa`( }be Ejt}bzujke Moy~hjiem ^ea~he
Howehobaam Tey}atj}oa` ^tactjf. Gu``ehhem}btaucb
}be Ejt}bzujke Teia`y}tui}oa` j`m Tebjdoho}j}oa`
Ju}bato} j`m o}y ~tawo`iojh dtj`ibey( }boyhaj`
~tawomem moy~hjiem ~ea~he so}b u`my atfj}etojhy
}a teduohm }beot as` bauyey( j`m so}b ia`y}tui}oa`}tjo`o`c j`m yudyomoey. ]be ju}bato} y~eioem
y}j`mjtmy j`m meyoc`y.
]be yudyomoey sete me}etfo`em djyem a` }be fjtke}
te~hjiefe`} wjhue a j }~oijh bauye "9? yzujte
fe}ety/( ottey~ei}owe a }be yo|ea}be atoco`jh bauyey.
]be cawet`fe`} moydutyem ctjmuj}em ~jfe`}y
o` jiiatmj`ie so}b }be jfau`} a mjfjcejy
me}etfo`em d ehm o`y~ei}aty taf }be jtfj`m
taf `a`cawet`fe`} atcj`o|j}oa`y "@CAy/.
D u o h m o ` c
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Gat erjf~he( at j iaf~he}eh mey}taem bauye(
as`ety teieowem :35(>>> ^jkoy}j` tu~eey "^Ty/
"jdau} -4(>7:/. Gat j bafe so}b fo`at mjfjce(
as`ety teieowem ^Ty45(>>> "jdau} -4?5/.
]be teia`y}tui}oa` a o`tjy}tui}ute jhya itej}emfj` lady at ykohhem satkety j`m de`e}em }be
haijh ia`y}tui}oa` fj}etojh o`muy}t( o`itejyo`c }be
~toiey a ke ia`y}tui}oa` fj}etojhy hoke iefe`}.
@es Tey~a`yodoho}oey at Safe`]be ejt}bzujke bjy ybo}em ce`met tahey a
safe` j`m fe` mue }a }be hayy a fjhe ~jt}`ety.
Fj` safe`y tey~a`yodoho}oey bjwe o`itejyem jy
}be ia~e so}b }be jmmo}oa`jh dutme` a ijto`c at
at~bj`em ibohmte` j`m ~etya`y so}b moyjdoho}oey(
sbohe jhya efetco`c jy bejmy a bauyebahmy.
]boy `es tejho} tezuotey te}bo`ko`c yaiojhia`mo}oa`o`c( jy sehh jy }be }~e a ia`}todu}oa`y
}bj} fefdety a }be bauyebahm j`m }be
iaffu`o} ij` fjke. O` ~jt}oiuhjt( y}jkebahmety
te~at} }bj} efjhe&bejmem bauyebahmy( somasy(
j`m at~bj`em ibohmte` "fay}h cothy/ bjwe bjm
ho}}he jiieyy }a yu~~hoey j`m yetwoiey mue }a }beot
hofo}em fadoho} at jdye`ie a ~ta~et ome`}o}
maiufe`}y }a yu~~at} }beye ihjofy. J ce`met j`m
wuh`etjdoho} ji}oa` ~hj` e`yutey }bj} eyye`}ojh
`eemy( ia`y}tjo`}y( j`m ~toato}oey waoiem d
safe`( j`m er}tefeh wuh`etjdhe o`mowomujhy j`m
jfohoey( jte bejtm.
]be fuh}oyei}at ~tactjf jhya yu~~at}em ce`met
ezuo} j`m o`ihuyowe yaiojh meweha~fe`}. ]btaucb
}beye ~tactjf iaf~a`e`}y( Ybjbomj j`m bet`eocbdaty sete jdhe }a y}jt} tjoyo`c iboike`y j`m
yehho`c }be eccy j} }be haijh fjtke}. ]be jhya
~hj`}em yfjhh sbej} ehmy( fjko`c }bef yeh&
yuioe`} o` dtejm at }beot jfohoey.
Jy bejm a bet Safe`y Iaffu`o} Atcj`o|j}oa`(
a`ie j seek Ybjbomj caey }a }be haijh dtj`ib a
Bjdod Dj`k taf bet teye}}hefe`} jtej `ejt }be
wohhjce a Tjtj }a me~ayo} }be fa`e ybe j`m }be
a}bet 44 safe` o` bet ctau~ bjwe ejt`em taf
}beot bafe&djyem we`}utey. ]be bjwe yjwem
^Ty9>(>>> "jdau} -95=/ j`m uye }be fa`e at
er~e`yey j`m jhya ~tawome foitaitemo} `j`ie }aa}bet safe` }a y}jt} }beot as` duyo`eyyey. ]be
cowe ~toato} }a }be fj` somasy he} so}bau}
dtejmso``ety d }be ejt}bzujke( jy }beot `eemy
jte ctej}ey}.
Gu`mem d }be JMD Howehobaam Tey}atj}oa` talei}(
yaiojh atcj`o|et Yjhfj Dj`a a }be @j}oa`jh Tutjh
Yu~~at} ^tactjffe beh~em }be safe` ye} u~
}beot atcj`o|j}oa` j`m hejt` ewet}bo`c taf de}}et
jtfo`c }eib`ozuey }a bas }a kee~ j ye} a daaky.
Teduohmo`c }ace}bet Fe` j`m safe` cj}bet o` j iaffu`o} fee}o`c }a moyiuyy }be ~taieyy a teduohmo`c bafey j`m howehobaamy j}et}be mewjy}j}o`c ejt}bzujke a 4>>5
LjfeyBu}iboya`
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^talei} O`atfj}oa`
Efetce`i Ejt}bzujke Jyyoy}j`ie ^talei}
"4>>74>:>/
Go`j`io`c< -44>.> fohhoa ( Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Gu`m
"JMD/; -::>.> fohhoa ( ^jkoy}j` Ejt}bzujke Gu`m
"JMD/; -93.> fohhoa ( Jyoj` ]yu`jfo Gu`m "Euta~ej`
Eia`afoi Iaffu`o}/; -3=.3 fohhoa ( Cawet`fe`}
a ^jkoy}j`
D u o h m o ` c
Gat }be ty} }ofe se jte ia`}todu}o`c }a aut
jfohy o`iafe( yjy Ybjbomj. So}bau} }be beh~
a }boy ~tactjf se sauhm y}ohh bjwe `a}bo`c du}
aut iha}bey.
Tjoyo`c }be Djt so}b Teia`y}tui}oa`Hjy} ejt( j 4&kohafe}et jiieyy tajm u`mem d }be
~tactjf j`m }be wohhjcety ia``ei}em }be wohhjce }a}be fjo` tajm }a jhhas ia`y}tui}oa` fj}etojh j`m
}tjo`ety }a tejib }be iaffu`o}.
Deate }be tajm se`} o`( Jdmuh Hj}o#y mjucb}et
Tuzoj ehh j`m o`lutem bet bejm sbohe satko`c o`
}beot ehm( j`m deijuye o} }aak ya ha`c }a ce} bet
au} }a }be fjo` tajm d ma`ke j`m }a j iho`oi( ybe
oy `as moyjdhem. ]bj} sauhm `ewet bj~~e` `as;
se jte luy} :> fo`u}ey jsj d ijt( yjy Jdmuh
j`a}bet erjf~he a }be teia`y}tui}oa` ~tactjfy
teyahwe }a duohm djik de}}et.
J} }be fa`}bh fee}o`c a }be Tjtj Iaffu`o}Atcj`o|j}oa`( Jdmuh te~at}y a` }be teduohmo`c
~tacteyy a }be 3>> wohhjcety< 45 bafeas`ety jte
o`y}jhho`c taay j`m aut jte y}ohh satko`c a` }beot
sjhhy( du} jhh :95 bafey bjwe dee` teduoh}.
Jdau} 45(>>> fjy}et bauye&duohmo`c }tjo`etyo`
}be tecoa ( fjo h mtjs taf }be tj`ky a }bejtf
j`m @CAy( }tjo`em fate }bj` 4>>(>>> jgei}em
bauye as`ety( sba teduoh} so}b ~jfe`}yfjmej}
wjtoauy y}jcey a ~tacteyy( sboib sete wetoem
do`y~ei}aty. Jdau} 3:% a }jtce}em mey}taem
bauyey bjwe dee` teia`y}tui}em( j`m d Lu`e4>:>( o} oy er~ei}em }bj} 25% a 525(>>> tutjh
bauyey sohh de teduoh}.
Y}tahho`c jtau`m Tjtj }amj( a`e yeey ho}}he yoc`
a }be mewjy}j}o`c ejt}bzujke }bj} meiofj}em
jhfay} jhh }be bauyey j`m kohhem :3 ~ea~he. ]bj`ky
}a }be teia`y}tui}oa`( }bete jte a`h bafeas`ety
`oybo`c u~ }beot `es msehho`cy.`
Bafe of~tawefe`} J wohhjcet satky a` boy bauye o` }be wohhjce a Tjtj(o` }be @at}bSey} Gta`}oet tawo`ie
Tej~o`c sbj} }be yas Safe` o` }be ~talei} jtej jte jdhe }a ~hj`}yfjhh sbej} ehmy( sboib beh~ }bef ~tawome at }beot jfohoey
LjfeyBu}iboya`
LjfeyBu}iboya`
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YjeSj}etDeate j `es sj}et j`myj`o}j}oa` yy}ef( safe`
j`m ibohmte` o` }boy wohhjce
o` }be Ktc| fau`}jo`y
bjm }a sjhk at fohey j`m
y~e`m bauty }a iahhei}
ihej` sj}et
D Kjjtfj`dek Kuhuew
Teteybo`ch ejy }a mto`kO` }be fau`}jo`y a }be Ktc|Te~udhoi( eset ibohmte` jte ce}}o`cyoik }bj`ky }a }be ihej` sj}etjwjohjdhe j} }be wohhjce#y `es sj}et~uf~. ]boy da e`lay ihej` iaahsj}et y}tjocb} taf }be }j~
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LAYBAHU( K_TC_\ TE^UDHOI
Mey~o}e }be jdu`mj`ie a teyb sj}et bete(
safe` j`m ibohmte` o` }be fau`}jo`auy
jtejy a }be Ktc| Te~udhoi a}e`bjm}a
sjhk fohey( j`m y~e`m bauty( }aiahhei}
}be ~teioauy teyautie taf }be `ejtey} towet.Du}
}bj} oy ibj`co`c( }bj`ky }a j` JMD ctj`}(sboiboyof~tawo`c sj}et yu~~h j`m yj`o}j}oa` o`tjy}tui}ute
o` tutjh jtejy.
Jdmfj`j~ howey so}b boy jfoh o` Laybahu wohhjce(
o` }be fau`}jo`auy Jhjo moy}toi} o` }be yau}b a
}be iau`}t. Sj}et o` }be towet oy `a} djm( be
yjy. Du} muto`c }be tjo` yejya` }be sj}et }ut`y
dtas` deijuye a }be mot}.
Wohhjcety bjm }a hejwe }be sj}et o` duike}y at j
es bauty }a he} }be mot} yo`k( er~hjo`y Jdmfj`j~.
O} sjy j wet ~tofo}owe h}eto`c yy}ef.
]be a}bet ~tadhef so}b towet sj}et oy }bj} iasy
j`m ybee~( sboib jte dtem o` }be moy}toi}( mto`k
taf }be yjfe towet( j`m a}e` y~aoh }be sj}et( }aa.
Jy j teyuh}( ibohmte` sba mtj`k y}tjocb} taf }be
towet sauhm ce} yoik.
Deate }be sj}et ~o~e sjy duoh} se bjm fj`
ijyey sbete ~ea~he sete ce}}o`c o`ei}oa`y taf
}be sj}et( yjy Lj`jtcuh( j utye o` }be haijh
bay~o}jh. Mojttbej sjy wet iaffa`( ybe jmmy.
]be bay~o}jh o}yeh sjy ya ybat} a sj}et ewe`mai}aty }baucb} }soie jdau} sjybo`c }beot bj`my.
@utyey sjhkem 9 kohafe}ety }a dto`c }sa duike}y a
sj}et taf }be ihayey} towet.
O` }be wohhjce( safe` j`m ibohmte` sete
tey~a`yodhe at dto`co`c sj}et bafe taf }be towet.
Ewe` 5&ejt&ahm J|o|j bjm }a ijtt j duike} a sj}et(
du} ybe sjy huik}be towet oy a`h 5> fe}ety taf
bet bauye.
]be JMD&`j`iem ~talei} ijhhem ]j|jyuu "ihej`
sj}et/ e`jdhem haijh iaffu`o}oey }a ia`y}tui}
sj}et ~o~ey. ]be ~o~ey ~tawome y~to`c sj}et }afj` wohhjcey o` }be iau`}t( o`ihumo`c Laybahu(
sboib bjy =(5>> teyome`}y.
]amj( safe` j`m ibohmte` iahhei} sj}et j}
y}j`m~o~ey o` }be wohhjce. ]be y}j`m~o~ey bjwe
deiafe yaiojh ie`}ety sbete }be safe` fee}
j`m ibj}. ]bete jte 57 y}j`m~o~ey jtau`m }be
wohhjce( a` jhfay} ewet iat`et( ~tawomo`c teyb(
ihej` y~to`c sj}et taf }be fau`}jo`y.
A`ie }be y~to`cy bjwe dee` haij}em }be jte
iawetem so}b j y~eiojh }e`} }a ehofo`j}e y~aoho`c
taf tjo` j`m j`ofjhy. ^o~ey }jke }be sj}et taf
}be y~to`c }a j teyetwaot j} }be }a~ a }be wohhjce.
]be teyetwaot ij` bahm u~ }a 5>>(>>> ho}ety( e`aucb
}a ~tawome sj}et }a }be wohhjce at : mj( o` ijye }bey~to`cy y}a~ tu``o`c.
Jdmjybf( sba }jkey ijte a }be teyetwaot( maey
`a} dehoewe }be y~to`cy sohh y}a~ ~tamuio`c sj}et.
O} sohh `ewet bj~~e`( be yjy. Du} ewe` o o} maey(
}be wohhjce sohh `a} y}j so}bau} sj}et at wet ha`c.
]be JMD ~talei} jhya beh~em duohm j djiku~ sj}et
yu~~h yy}ef sboib ij` }jke sj}et taf }be towet
j`m }be` h}et j`m moy}todu}e o} }a }be wohhjce.
@as safe` bjwe hocb}et hajmy( `ewet ijtto`cfate }bj` :>&ho}et duike}y a sj}et. Ibohmte` bjwe
heyy satk }a ma j`m fate }ofe }a y}um at ~hj.
\jfot j`m boy dta}bet Dekyuh}j` hoke }a ~hj so}b
}beot mac j}et yibaah. ]be ij` y~e`m fate
}ofe e`lao`c hoe j`m ij` mto`k sj}et j` }ofe
}be sj`}. Ge}ibo`c sj}et oy `a} j doc ~tadhef
j`fate( \jfot er~hjo`y. ]be y}j`m~o~e oy luy}
jtau`m }be iat`et( j`m sj}et oy jhsjy jwjohjdhe.`
^talei} O`atfj}oa`
Iaffu`o}&Djyem O`tjy}tui}ute Yetwoiey
"4>>74>>?/
Go`j`io`c fohhoa ( Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Gu`m haj` "JMD/;
-5.5> fohhoa ( Cawet`fe`} a }be Ktc| Te~udhoi;
-9.> fohhoa ( iaffu`o}oey; -5>>(>>>( ~tawo`iojh j`m
moy}toi} cawet`fe`}y
Y j g e S j } e t
Safe` bjwe hocb}et hajmy(
`ewet ijtto`c fate }bj`
:>&ho}et duike}y a sj}et.
Ibohmte` bjwe heyy satk }a maj`m fate }ofe }a y}um at ~hj.
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A ]tjikJ tjohsj famet`o|j}oa` ~talei} oy fjko`cU|dekoy}j` j tecoa`jh hejmet o` tjoh }tj`y~at}D Ljfey Bu}iboya`
9>
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]JYBKE@]( U\DEKOY]J@
A` }be ~hj}atf j} }be ]jybke`} tjohsj
y}j}oa`( aam j`m mto`k we`maty ijhh au}
}a ~jyye`cety. Ia`mui}aty o` y`j~~
U|dekoy}j` ]efot _ahhjto "U]_ / tjohsj
u`oatfy ibeik }oike}y j`m beh~ ~ea~he }a }beot
yej}y. ]be }tjo` y~at}y j ybjtk haca( efdhefj}oi
a o}y y~eem. @a} ha`c jca( basewet( }be yetwoie
de}see` ]jybke`} j`m Dukbjtj sjy j`}bo`c du}
yso}.
J @es Y}jt} at j` Ahm TjohsjDeate dajtmo`c( Humfohj Tafj`e`ka bucy bet
yoy}et j`m `oeie. O` }be ~jy}( ybe a`h yjs }bef}soie j ejt< ce}}o`c }a }bef }aak j` jtmuauy(
da`e&tj}}ho`c laut`e( duf~o`c jha`c a` bjtm
yej}y at awet ? bauty at fate ejib sj. ]be
famet`o|j}oa` a }be =9>&kohafe}et "kf/ tau}e
de}see` Dukbjtj j`m ]jybke`} bjy ibj`cem }bj}.
@as so}b }be `es }tjo`y( o} }jkey luy} 3 bauty
j`m O }tjweh o` iafat}( ya O woyo} ewet 4 fa`}by($
Tafj`e`ka yjy( yfoho`c. $]bj} fjkey o} ejyoet }a
sjwe caamde }a }bef.
O` }be haiafa}owe ijd u~ jbejm( mtowet J`mte
Ahe`ok yo}y deate iaf~u}et yitee`y( ~etatfo`cyy}efy ibeiky a` }be ~asetuh moeyehehei}toi
e`co`e( o` ~te~jtj}oa` at }be tu` taf ]jybke`}
}btaucb boy}atoi Yjfjtkj`m j`m }a }be jdhem
Yohk Tajm io} a Dukbjtj. So}b 47 ejty a` }be
tjohsj( Ahe`ok tefefdety sehh }be tau}e
deate }be JMD&u`mem Tjohsj Famet`o|j}oa`
^talei} sjy iaf~he}em o` Meiefdet 4>>7. A`
jhfay} ewet }to~( }be ~aat ia`mo}oa` a }be
}tjik atiem haiafa}owe mtowety }a y}a~ at yhas
}a j itjsh. Itufdho`c yhee~ety j`m toike} tjohy
dtaucb} y~otjho`c fjo`}e`j`ie iay}y j`m ewet&
o`itejyo`c mehjy( ey~eiojhh at hjtce teocb} }tjo`y
}tj`y~at}o`c }be duhk a }be iau`}ty ijtcaewet}bo`c taf ia}}a` }a fo`o`c ate~u}}o`c j
mtjc a` eia`afoi meweha~fe`}.
]amj( a` famet` ehei}toem }tjik j`m ia`ite}e
yhee~ety( }tjo`y hoke }be Ybjtk sboyk ~jyye`cety
yfaa}bh de}see` ]jybke`} j`m Dukbjtj j} j`
jwetjce a ?> kf ~et baut "k~b/( u~ taf 7> k~b.
Gteocb} }tjo`y yofohjth o`itejyem }beot y~eem(
dto`co`c jy}et ee} }ut`jtau`m( bocbet }tjik
u}oho|j}oa`( j`m temuiem }tj`y~at} iay}y.
A ` ] t j i k
9
Kohho`c }ofe ]be Ybjtk( j `es j`my~eem }tjo` taf ]jybke`} }a }bejdhem Yohk Tajm io} a Dukbjtj(bjy }jke` bauty ag }be }tjweh }ofede}see` }beye iat~atj}e j`m iuh}utjhie`}ety( of~tawo`c haijh }autoyf j`mduyo`eyy
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Jy Ahe`ok ejyey }be Ybjtk au} a ]jybke`}( ~oiko`c
u~ y~eem( ~jyye`cety hoe djik o` teiho`o`c yej}y(
e`la y`jiky( j`m sj}ib }ehewoyoa`. O` j ~towj}e
iaf~jt}fe`}( Djmcj` Ybjkb`j|jtaw( j ~jt}`et o`
j yfjhh e`co`eeto`c iaf~j`( er~hjo`y de}see`
yo~y a }ej bas be uyem }a taf Dukbjtj }a
duyo`eyy j~~ao`}fe`}y o` ]jybke`}. ]be }tjo` sjy
u`tehojdhe; au `ewet k`es sbe` au sete cao`c
}a ce} }bete; o} sjy moiuh} }a fjke j~~ao`}fe`}y
so}b iuy}afety j`m yu~~hoety. @as O }jke }be }tjo`.O} oy iafat}jdhe j`m jttowey a` }ofe.
J}et U|dekoy}j` meihjtem o`me~e`me`ie taf }be
atfet Yawoe} U`oa`( }be U|dek ~jt} a }be Ie`}tjh
Jyoj` Tjohsj deijfe }be U]_( j y}j}e&as`em
iaf~j` tey~a`yodhe at a~etj}o`c U|dekoy}j`y
tjohsj yy}ef. O`me~e`me`ie dtaucb} j bay} a
ibjhhe`cey( basewet( o`ihumo`c j ybjt~ mta~ o`
}tji( me}etoatj}o`c o`tjy}tui}ute mue }a hjik a
fjo`}e`j`ie( j`m j` utce`} `eem at `es ho`ey }a
itej}e j `j}oa`jh tjoh `e}satk.
JMD ~tawomem j -3> fohhoa` haj` at }be -:9>
fohhoa` Tjohsj Famet`o|j}oa` ^talei}( sboib
ahhasem a` }be beehy a }be Tjohsj Tebjdoho}j}oa`
^talei}( }be ty} a o}y ko`m o` U|dekoy}j`. ]boy
atoco`jh ~talei}( decu` o` 4>>:( }aak 7 ejty }a
iaf~he}e j`m sjy jhya u`mem d j -3> fohhoa`
JMD haj`. O} }jikhem }be tebjdoho}j}oa` a }be
fjo` tjoh iattomat taf }be Kj|jkb datmet o`}be `at}bejy} }a }be datmet so}b ]utkfe`oy}j`
o` }be yau}bsey}}be tau}e }bj} ijttoem }be
bocbey} wahufe a tjoh }tji. ]be fay} teie`}
tjohsj ~talei}( iaf~he}em o` Meiefdet 4>>7(
tebjdoho}j}em }be y}te}ib de}see` ]jybke`} j`m
Dukbjtj.
A`e Tjohsj( Ftojm De`eg}yDeyomey of~tawo`c }be eioe`i a da}b teocb}
j`m ~jyye`cet tjoh }tji( }be ~talei} ef~haem
awet 5(>>> ~ea~he j} }be ~ejk a ia`y}tui}oa` j`m
itej}em 5>> `es lady( o`ihumo`c at fjo`}e`j`ie
y}jg( fjibo`e a~etj}aty( j`m y}j}oa` aiety.
O} jioho}j}em o`}et`j}oa`jh }tjme d of~tawo`c
jiieyy }a `eocbdato`c iau`}toey j`m yej~at}y.
O} o`}tamuiem famet` }tjik&hjo`c ezuo~fe`}
j`m eioe`} fjo`}e`j`ie a tjohsj }tjiky.
]be o`y}jhhj}oa` a 4>> kf a det a~}oiy at
}eheiaffu`oij}oa` yy}efy j`m `es tjmoa
ezuo~fe`} bjy ctej}h of~tawem U]_y e`}ote
iaffu`oij}oa` `e}satk j`m bjy fjme
iaffu`oij}oa`y fate tehojdhe j`m eioe`}.
Bufj` teyautiey bjwe jhya of~tawem deijuye}be ~talei} }tjo`em y}jg o` sjy }a yuy}jo` }beye
}eib`ahacoijh of~tawefe`}y. O} jhya ey}jdhoybem
j yfjhh duyo`eyy u`m at atfet tjohsj satkety.
JMD j`m }be Atcj`o|j}oa` a ^e}taheuf
Er~at}o`c Iau`}toey "A^EI/ Gu`m at O`}et`j}oa`jh
Meweha~fe`} "AGOM/ `j`iem ezuo~fe`} j`m
}eheiaffu`oij}oa` of~tawefe`}y( sbohe U]_
`j`iem }tjik tebjdoho}j}oa`.
Cao`c Famet`< O``awj}owe Yhee~etyj`m TjohyMe~jt}fe`} bejm j} U]_ @jwtu| Etko`aw yjy
}be fjo` of~tawefe`}y sete uhh te~hjio`c }beahm }tjiky so}b y}eeh tjoh ey~eiojhh atfuhj}em
at famet` tjohsjy( y}j}e&a&}be&jt} ia`ite}e
yhee~ety( j`m y~eiojh erodhe tjoh jy}e`ety}be
yjfe yy}ef uyem o` Euta~e sbete }tjo`y tejib
95> k~b.
]a y~eem u~ }be ~taieyy( }be cawet`fe`}
ia`}tji}em ~towj}e iaf~j`oey }a ye} u~ ji}atoey
j`m fj`uji}ute }tjik j`m yhee~ety o` U|dekoy}j`.
O` j` u`j`}oio~j}em de`e} a }be ~talei}( }beye
Mtowety a ctas}b ^etatfo`c yy}efy ibeiky a` }be ~asetuh moeyehehei}toi e`co`e( mtowet J`mte Ahe`ok teijhhy }be mjy sbe` itufdho`cyhee~ety j`m toike} tjohy dtaucb} y~otjho`c fjo`}e`j`ie iay}y j`m mehjy(ey~eiojhh at hjtce teocb} }tjo`y }bj} ijttoem }be duhk a }be iau`}tyijtca.
@as so}b }be `es }tjo`y( o} }jkey luy}
3 bauty j`m O }tjweh o` iafat}( ya O woyo}
[f yoy}et j`m `oeieV ewet 4 fa`}by. ]bj}
fjkey o} ejyoet }a sjwe caamde }a }bef.
Humfohj Tafj`e`ka
LjfeyBu}iboya`
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^talei} O`atfj}oa`Tjohsj Famet`o|j}oa` talei} "4>>74>>3/
Go`j`io`c(>>>( Lj~j` Y~eiojh Gu`m "JMD/;
-3>.> fohhoa ( Atmo`jt Ij~o}jh Teyautiey "JMD/
A ` ] t j i k
~hj`}y jte ia`}o`uo`c }a yu~~h ia`ite}e yhee~ety
j`m bocb&zujho} }tjik at `es ~talei}y ehyesbete
o` U|dekoy}j`( sboib bjy j tjohsj `e}satk a awet
=(5>> kf.
J} }be ia`ite}e yhee~et fj`uji}uto`c ~hj`} a` }be
au}ykot}y a ]jybke`}( tjohsj }tjik y~eiojhoy} Jhekya
Awibo``okaw sjhky }be }btee ~tamui}oa` ho`eysbete 9>> satkety ~tamuie :(45> yhee~ety j mj.
]beye jte }be sathmy fay} jmwj`iem yhee~ety( be
yjy. ]be iaf~j` bjy fj`uji}utem j y}jcceto`c
:.45 fohhoa` yhee~ety yo`ie o} decj` ~tamuio`c
}bef at U]_ o` 4>>=. ]be tjohy jte jy}e`em }a
}be yhee~ety so}b j } j`m atce} ehjy}oi Dto}oyb
^j`mtah Gjy}iho~ }bj} ij` de ~teo`y}jhhem j} }be
ji}at j`m }bj} ij``a} de moyfj`}hem so}bau} j
y~eiojh }aah( at e`bj`iem yeiuto}.
Jy }be ia`ite}e yhee~ety jte ~autem( :7 sotey
o`yome jte behm u`met }e`yoa` u`}oh }be for ye}y(itej}o`c ctej} y}te`c}b. Sbohe saame` yhee~ety
bjwe j hoey~j` a jdau} :5 ejty( }beye bocb&}eib
ia`ite}e famehy jte cujtj`}eem at 5> ejty.
]be iafdo`j}oa` a }be ehjy}oi iho~ j`m yhee~et
meyoc` mtjy}oijhh iu}y o`y}jhhj}oa` }ofe a`&yo}e j`m
fjo`}e`j`ie.
Etko`aw yjy }bj} o` 4>:> }be Y~j`oyb iaf~j`
]jhca sohh yu~~h U]_ so}b }sa bocb&y~eem
haiafa}owey j`m :: ijty ij~jdhe a tejibo`c
45> k~b a` }be famet`o|em }tjik de}see`
]jybke`} j`m Dukbjtj. ]beye sohh de o` yetwoie d4>::( yjy Etko`aw.
Mjoh dtejm J` e`}te~te`eut yehhy dtejm j} j `es }tjo` y}j}oa`( sboib bjyitej}em j y~jie at iaffetie
E`lao`c }be tome O` es }tjo` ijty( ~jyye`cety jte jdhe }a tey}( tejm( at satk( }bj`ky }a famet` ia`we`oe`iey j`m j yfaa}bet tome
LjfeyBu}iboya`
LjfeyBu}iboya`
]be }to~ oy er~ei}em }a }jke 4 bauty at heyy. Io}
ie`}et }a io} ie`}et($ be yjy( $o} sohh de jy}et
}bj` o`c. Bocbet&a~etj}o`c y~eemy ia`}todu}e
}a o`itejyem ee} }ut`jtau`m j`m fate eioe`}
}tjik u}oho|j}oa`( sboib temuiey }tj`y~at} iay}y.`
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9=
Tjohsj }aTecoa`jh
O`}ectj}oa`
D boho~ Saam
J `es tjohsj sohh ia``ei} Jcbj`oy}j` }a
U|dekoy}j`y er~j`yowe tjoh `e}satk( fjko`c
}be sjt&}at` iau`}t j bud at }tjme de}see`
Ie`}tjh Jyoj j`m sathm fjtke}y
9=
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T j o h s j } a
Gat fj` ie`}utoey( Jcbj`oy}j`#y y}tj}ecoi
haij}oa` bjy ~tawe` }a de j hojdoho}. Du}
}amj( jy es }tjme tau}ey jte atcem
ia``ei}o`c hj`mhaikem Ie`}tjh Jyoj so}b }be
daafo`c eia`afoey a Yau}b Jyoj j`m }be Fommhe
Ejy}( Jcbj`oy}j`#y ceactj~boi ~ayo}oa` oy ~tawo`cj wjhujdhe jyye}.
]be ~teye`ie a fjyyowe duhhma|ety a` }be muy}
`at}bet` ~hjo`y a Bjotj}j` j}}ey}y }a }be ji} }bj}
Jcbj`oy}j` oy ~aoyem }a deiafe j tecoa`jh bud
at }tjme j`m iaffetie.
O} oy bete( luy} jitayy }be towet taf `eocbdato`c
U|dekoy}j`( }bj} }be ty} duohmo`c dhaiky a j
35&kohafe}et yo`che&ho`e tjohsj jte deo`c ~u} o`
~hjiefjyyowe yei}oa` d fjyyowe yei}oa`
}bj`ky }a j -:75 fohhoa` JMD ctj`}.
]be Bjotj}j` datmet ~ay} jhtejm yetwey jy }be
cj}esj at jhfay} bjh a Jcbj`oy}j`y tajm
of~at}y( du} }be eroy}o`c }tj`y~at} o`tjy}tui}ute
ij``a} ia~e so}b }be er~j`mo`c wahufe a }tjme.
Sbe` iaf~he}em o` hj}e 4>:>( }be `es tjoh ho`e sohh
beh~ tefawe }be fjlat ~byoijh da}}he`eiky }bj}
bjwe atfem j} }be datmet( }beted zujmtu~ho`c
ij~jio} j`m daay}o`c tecoa`jh }tjme.
Jy ~jt} a }be ]tj`y~at} Y}tj}ec j`m Ji}oa`
^hj` u`met }be Ie`}tjh Jyoj Tecoa`jh Eia`afoiIaa~etj}oa` "IJTEI/ ^tactjf( }be tjoh ~talei} sohh
a~e` u~ jh}et`j}owe yu~~h tau}ey at `j}oa`jh j`m
o`}et`j}oa`jh }tjme( jy sehh jy at bufj`o}jtoj`
tehoe.
]be `es ho`e sohh ia``ei} Jcbj`oy}j` }a
U|dekoy}j`#y er~j`yowe tjoh `e}satk. ]be o`o}ojh
yecfe`} sohh tu` de}see` Bjotj}j` j`m Fj|jt&
e&Ybjto( Jcbj`oy}j`#y yeia`m hjtcey} io}. Gu}ute
ho`ky jte ~hj``em }bj} sohh tu` jitayy }be `at}b j`m
}a a}bet ~jt}y a }be iau`}t j`m tecoa`( o`ihumo`c
Betj}( jkoy}j`( ]jlokoy}j`( j`m ]utkfe`oy}j`.
]be `es }tjo` ho`e sohh daay} teocb} wahufey(
haset iay}y( j`m tjoye }be ~tahe a Jcbj`oy}j`
jy j }tj`yo} tau}e( yjom JMD Jcbj`oy}j` Iau`}tMotei}at Itjoc Y}ege`ye`.
$O` jmmo}oa`( Ie`}tjh Jyoj` y}j}ey j`m Ro`loj`c(
^ea~he#y Te~udhoi a Ibo`j( sohh de jdhe }ajiieyy
sathm fjtke}y fate ibej~h j`m ejyoh woj
Jcbj`oy}j` j`m yej~at}y a` }be Cuh( }buy
of~tawo`c }beot iaf~e}o}owe`eyy o` sathm fjtke}y.$
JMD#y fjlat tahe o` }be U|dekoy}j`Jcbj`oy}j`
tjohsj ~talei} oy }ey}jfe`} }a o}y ef~bjyoy a`
IJTEI. Gau`mem o` :??3( IJTEI oy j ~jt}`etybo~
a eocb} iau`}toeyJcbj`oy}j`( J|etdjolj`( }be^ea~he#y Te~udhoi a Ibo`j( Kj|jkby}j`(}beKtc|
Te~udhoi( Fa`cahoj( ]jlokoy}j`( j`mU|dekoy}j`
j`m yor fuh}ohj}etjh o`y}o}u}oa`y< JMD(}beEuta~ej`
Dj`k at Teia`y}tui}oa` j`m Meweha~fe`}(}be
O`}et`j}oa`jh Fa`e}jt Gu`m( }be Oyhjfoi
Meweha~fe`} Dj`k( }be U o}em @j}oa`y Meweha~fe`}
^tactjffe( j`m }be Sathm Dj`k. JMD bjy yetwem
jy }be IJTEI yeite}jtoj} yo`ie 4>>>.
IJTEI ~tawomey }be `j`ie j`m omejy`a}jdho`
}be jtejy a e`etc( }tjme( j`m }tj`y~at}}a
~tafa}e eia`afoi meweha~fe`} j`m temuie
~awet}. O}y djikda`e oy j ~hj` }a meweha~ jyejfheyy `e}satk a yor }tj`y~at} iattomaty }a
ia``ei} fefdet iau`}toey }a a`e j`a}bet jy
sehh jy }a }be jy}&ctaso`c eia`afoey a Ejy} j`m
Yau}b Jyoj j`m ey}jdhoybem fjtke}y o` Euta~e j`m
}be Tuyyoj` Gemetj}oa`.
Yof~h ~u}< }be Bjotj}j` }a Fj|jt&e&Ybjto tjoh ho`k
oy IJTEI o` ji}oa`. `
^talei} O`atfj}oa`
Bjotj}j` }a Fj|jt&e&Ybjto Tjohsj ^talei}
"4>>?4>:>/
Go`j`io`c< -:75 fohhoa ( Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Gu`m
"JMD/
T j o h s j } a
BJOTJ]J@( JGCBJ@OY]J@
Hjo`c ~hj`y Ia`}tji}aty j`m ia`yuh}j`}y haak awet j` au}ho`e a }be~ta~ayem tau}e a }be es tjohsj( sboib sohh bjwe j fjlat eia`afoiof~ji} a` }as`y j`m wohhjcey jha`c o}y ~j}b
Cawet`fe`}agU|dekoy}j`
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]be ctj`meut a j `es ce`etj}oa` a
ba}ehy j`m duohmo`cy }bj} y~tj`c u~ o`
J|etdjolj`y ij~o}jh muto`c o}y hj}ey} aoh
daaf( jha`cyome }be ~jhj}ojh teyome`iey
j`m iowoi y}tui}utey duoh} muto`c }be aoh da`j`|j a
j ie`}ut jca( ~teye`} j ybjt~ ia`}tjy} }a bjtybet
ia`mo}oa`y o` }be tey} a }be iau`}t.
_e} }be mowome de}see` ij~o}jh j`m iau`}tyome oy
`jttaso`c. ]be hjtceh jctjtoj` iau`}tyome y}ohh
y}tucchey so}b }be }tj`yo}oa` taf j iaffj`m }a
j fjtke} eia`af `ejth 4> ejty j}et }be jhh a
}be Yawoe} U`oa`j`m so}b }be egei}y a ia`oi}
so}b Jtfe`oj o` }be fom&:??>y. Du} o}y }tjwjohy jte
deo`c fjme ejyoet so}b }be u~ctjmo`c a j tajm
}bj} y}jt}y o` }be ejy} j} Djku( a` }be Ijy~oj` Yej(
j`m }tjwetyey sey}sjtm }a Ceatcoj( Euta~e( j`m
dea`m.
Tajm }a
Teiawet
J tebjdoho}j}em ejy}sey} iattomat bjy j wo}jh tahe }a ~hj
jy J|etdjolj` meweha~y j emcho`c `a`&aoh o`muy}tojh djye.
D Oj Cohh
DJKU( J\ETDJOLJ@
Ke yei}oa`y a }be 5>>&kohafe}et "kf/ ejy}sey}
iattomat( deo`c tebjdoho}j}em u`met ~talei}y
yu~~at}em d JMD( sohh iawet :94 kf j} j iay} a
-93> fohhoa`. ]boy oy ~jt} a }be hjtcet JMD&djikem
Ie`}tjh Jyoj Tecoa`jh Eia`afoi Iaa~etj}oa`
"IJTEI/ ^tactjf( u`met sboib eocb} iau`}toey
bjwe jcteem }a y~e`m -:2.3 dohhoa` }a famet`o|e
j`m er~j`m yor tajm j`m tjoh iattomaty }bj} }tjwetyesbj} sjy a`ie }be Yohk Tajm `e}satk de}see` }be
^ea~hey Te~udhoi a Ibo`j j`m Euta~e.
O} oy `a yfjhh }jyk< bjh }be iau`}ty tajmy jte
ctjweh djyem j`m 3>% `eem te~jot( j`m aoh y}ohh
jiiau`}y at awet ?>% a er~at} ejt`o`cy. Du} }be
cawet`fe`} oy kee` }a mowetyo j`m oy jhhaij}o`c
fate aoh tewe`ueysboib jte er~ei}em }a tu`
}a bu`mtemy a dohhoa`y a mahhjty o` }be iafo`c
ejtyat tajmy j`m a}bet o`tjy}tui}ute.
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Of~tawo`c ^tamui} Zujho} oy ItuiojhIhayet }tj`y~at} j`m }tjme }oey so}b o}y `eocbdaty
j`m }be ejy}sey} iattomat jte ituiojh }a }boy
egat} jy fuib a J|etdjolj`y j}}tji}oa` hoey o` o}y
deo`c ~jt} a j tecoa`jh dhai. ]a fuh}o`j}oa`jh
iaf~j`oey( se yehh J|etdjolj` jy ~jt} a }be
Eutjyoj Duyo`eyy ^hj}atf }bj} iaf~toyey `o`e
iau`}toey( yjy j Djku&djyem }tjme j`jhy} sbate~teye`}y o`}et`j}oa`jh j`m haijh er~at}ety.
Fuib a }be o`muy}tojh y}tj}ec o`wahwey
~taieyyo`c jctoiuh}utjh caamy j`m jiieyyo`c
}be bocbh iaf~e}o}owe j`m zujho}&ia`yioauy
Euta~ej` fjtke}y( yjy Efoh Fjlomaw( bejm a
J|~tafa( }be cawet`fe`} jce`i }jykem so}b
e`iautjco`c er~at}y j`m o`wey}fe`}.
Fjlomaw jofy }a ~etyujme yfjhh j`m femouf&
yo|em ~tamuiety o` }be aam&~taieyyo`c yei}at( at
erjf~he( }a iafe }ace}bet }a of~tawe ~tamui}
zujho} jy sehh jy deiafe fate iaf~e}o}owe o`fjtke}o`c j`m moy}todu}oa`.
^jo`uh ]tj`yo}oa`]be tajm oy jhya of~at}j`} }a teyuyio}j}o`c j`
jctoiuh}ute yei}at y}ohh y}toike` d }be moyfj`}ho`c
a Yawoe}&etj iahhei}owe jtfy.
]boy oy ewome`} jtau`m Cj`lj( }be iau`}ty yeia`m
hjtcey} io} =9> kf sey} a Djku( sbete jtfety
jte jmluy}o`c }a `es tejho}oey( yjy Jto Ljbj`cotaw(
me~u} motei}at a }be Cj`lj Tecoa`jh Ia`yuh}o`c
Ie`}te( j ~towj}eh u`mem jce`i }bj} jmwoyeyjtfety bas }a o`itejye ~tamui}owo}.
J}et o`me~e`me`ie( tutjh hj`m sjy temoy}todu}em
jfa`c wohhjcety sba teieowem( a` jwetjce( :
bei}jte ejib. ]be ~taieyy sjy wet ~jo`uh at
~ea~he( sba bjm dee` a`h hjdatety( }a hejt`
jdau} jtfo`c( ey~eiojhh o }be mom`} bjwe
fa`e }a du jtf ezuo~fe`}( yjy Ljbj`cotaw.
Du} be oy `as jmwoyo`c jtfety }a dj`m }ace}bet
jcjo` }a jiboewe eia`afoey a yijhe o }be sj`}
}a tewowe er~at}y a sbej} at ctj~ey }a }be Tuyyoj`
Gemetj}oa`( at erjf~he. Ya jt( }boy `a}oa` oyfee}o`c teyoy}j`ie jy fefatoey a iahhei}owe
jtfo`c tefjo` teyb.
@a`e}beheyy( j} }be wohhjce a Fatuh( 9> kf `at}b
a Cj`lj( j atfet fj`jcet a j iahhei}owe jtf
oy ybaso`c }be sj. Jy sehh jy tjoyo`c ita~y j`m
dteemo`c ij}}he( Atuib Fjffemaw( 79( yehhy yeemy
}a a}bet jtfety. J} }be }ofe a }be o`}etwoes( be
~hj``em }a ia`y}tui} j fjtke} o` j `ejtd }as` o`
ba~ey }bj} be j`m a}bet jtfety iauhm `eca}oj}e
^talei} O`atfj}oa`
Ejy}Sey} Bocbsj Of~tawefe`} ^talei}
"4>>54>:>/
Go`j`io`c
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92 ^jwo`c }be Sj
at Ctas}bD boho~ Saam
]bj`ky }a j `es ia`ite}e j`m jy~bjh} tajm taf }beot wohhjce }a
}be ij~o}jh( teyome`}y a Ado Cjtf ij` }tjweh }a Muybj`de o` bjh }be
}ofe jy o` ejty ~jy}
92
Ia`ite}e of~tawefe`}y]be es ~jwem tajm tafMuybj`de sohh ewe`}ujhhia``ei} }a }be Ktc| Te~udhoidatmet( beh~o`c haijh jtfety j`mdaay}o`c }tjme jy duyo`eyyey `m`es fjtke}y at }beot ~tamui}y.
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9
@a yoc` o`moij}ey sbete j fjlat JMD
tajm ~talei} }j~ety ag o` Tjyb} moy}toi}(
]jlokoy}j`. Du} ihaye aut eey j`m o}
oy ejy }a }ehh. Yfaa}b ia`ite}e tajm
jdtu~}h cowey sj }a ljtto`c( tu}}em }ettjo`( j`m
weboihey bejmo`c ejy} taf }be ij~o}jh Muybj`dedeco` j =5&kohafe}et "kf/ itjsh.
Mtowety iafo`c o` }be a}bet motei}oa` `m }be
ia`ite}e }a de j sehiafe tehoe j}et e`muto`c j
ha`c( yj`m ~a}bahem y}te}ib a tajm. A` jttowo`c
j} heweh jy~bjh}( }be y}a~ j} j fjkeybo} ijt sjyb
sbete }be }btas duike}y a dtjikoyb sj}et awet
}beot mot}&e`ituy}em weboihey.
]boy duf~ }tj`yo}oa` taf ia`ite}e }a muy} ij`
de au`m o` }be wohhjce a Ado Cjtf( yafe ?5 kf
ejy} a Muybj`de. O} fjtky }be lu`i}ute de}see`
}sa ~bjyey a j fjlat JMD tajm tebjdoho}j}oa`yibefe }bj} sohh ewe`}ujhh ia``ei} }be ij~o}jh
so}b }be Ktc| Te~udhoi datmet yafe 9=> kf }a
}be `at}bejy}.
Of~tawem Jiieyy( J~~teioj}o`c O`iafeyU~a` iaf~he}oa`( }be Muybj`deKtc|
datmet tajm sohh bjwe de`e}em taf }btee JMD
o`wey}fe`}y }a}jho`c -::2 fohhoa`. Satk a` }be
o`o}ojh ~bjyetaf Muybj`de }a Ado Cjtf
decj` o` 4>>9 j`m sjy iaf~he}em o` 4>>2. Satk
a` }be yeia`m ~bjye( sboib o`ihumey }be =5 kf
duf~ y}te}ib bejmo`c ejy} taf Ado Cjtf( oyyibemuhem }a deco` o` fom&4>:>. Satk a` j }botm
~bjye}be tebjdoho}j}oa` a }be `jh :4> kf
y}te}ib hejmo`c }a }be datmetdecj` o` 4>>2 j`m
oy yibemuhem }a `oyb o` 4>:9.
]jtce}o`c j tecoa` so}b j ~awet} o`iome`ie
ey}ofj}em j} ?>%( }be JMD&u`mem tajm u~ctjmey
bjwe bjm offemoj}e of~ji}y.
Teyome`}y a Ado Cjtf y~ejk a bas }be u~ctjmem
y}te}ib hejmo`c }a Muybj`de bjy ibj`cem }beot
howey. $_au ij``a} j~~teioj}e bas fuib }be
~a~uhj}oa` bete j~~teioj}ey }boy tajm($ yjy YjtKjtofaw( j wohhjce teyome`}. $Deate( ~ea~he a`h
se`} }a Muybj`de sbe` }be bjm }a($ be yjom.
$@as( ~ea~he jte sohho`c }a ca jhh }be }ofe deijuye
}be ij`.$
@uytj}uhha Oybj`lj`aw( j` e`co`eet so}b ]jlokoy}j`#y
Fo`oy}t a ]tj`y~at} j`m Iaffu`oij}oa`y(
meyitodey bas }tjweh }ofe de}see` Ado Cjtf j`m
Muybj`de bjy dee` iu} o` bjh( fej`o`c ibej~et
}tj`y~at} iay}y at ewet}bo`c taf ~ea~he }a
~tamuie.
$]boy oy j hjtceh jctoiuh}utjh tecoa`( j`m }beteate
fay} a }be ~tamui}y }bj} iafe taf bete jte
~etoybjdhe($ be yjom. $Of~tawem tajmy beh~ ce}
tuo}y j`m wece}jdhey }a }be fjtke} fate zuoikh
j`m jhya dto`c mas` }be iay} a mao`c ya($ yjom
Oybj`lj`aw( .
Of~at}j`} Ho`ky }a O`}et`j}oa`jh Fjtke}ySbe` }be e`}ote tajm oy iaf~he}e( weboihey sohh
de jdhe }a mtowe taf Muybj`de }a }be Ktc|
datmet o` luy} 7 }a 2 bauty( j lju`} iaf~jtem so}b
}be 4= bauty o} }aak deate JMD&`j`iem tajm
of~tawefe`}y ca} u`met sj.
O` }be fej`}ofe( mtowety }tjweho`c de}see`
AdoCjtf j`m }be Ktc| datmet sohh bjwe }a
ia`}o`ue }a e`mute mot}( muy}( j`m mehjy.
ADO CJTF( ]JLOKOY]J@
Gteemaf a fa}oa` Yjt Kjtofaw j`m boy ya` howe o` Ado Cjtf. Deate }betajm( yjom Kjtofaw( teyome`}y tjteh fjme }be }to~ }a }be ij~o}jh( Muybj`de.$@as }be ca jhh }be }ofe deijuye }be ij`.$
^ j w o ` c } b e S j
Of~tawefe`} a }be Muybj`deKtc|
datmet tajm jha`c so}b tutjh tajmy temuiey
]jlokoy}j`y oyahj}oa` j`m bjy tefjtkjdhe
motei} yaiojh of~ji} a` }be ~aat.
Fjka}a Alota( JMDy Iau`}t Motei}at gat ]jlokoy}j`
WjibeyhjwAyehemka
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Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Dj`k
]amjy ^ea~he( ]afattasy ^tay~eto}< Tewowo`c Ctas}b o` Ie`}tjh j`m Sey} Jyoj
Ie`}tjh j`m Sey} Jyoj< bafe ag }be Yohk Tajm j`m o}y boy}atoi fetibj`} ij~o}jhy ag Dukbjtj j`mYjfjtkj`m( Betj} j`m Kjybcjt; ag }be get}ohe goehmy ag }be Getcj`j Wjhhe; j`m ag }be fj` iuh}uteyag }be Ijuijyuy. @ejth 4> ejty yo`ie fj` ag }beye iau`}toey efetcem gtaf }be iahhj~yo`c Yawoe}U`oa`( }be Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Dj`k "JMD/ ia`}o`uey }a beh~ }bef teduohm j`m tegatf wo}jh yetwoieyj`m o`gtjy}tui}ute. Gtaf foitago`j`ie j`m emuij}oa` ~talei}y }a }eheiaffu`oij}oa y( gtaf moyjy}ettoyk temui}oa` }a `es tajmy j`m tjohy( JMD oy satko`c so}b iau`}toey o` }be tecoa` }a tewowe }be YohkTajm j`m dto`c ~tay~eto} djik }a a`e ag }be sathmy itjmhey ag iowoho|j}oa`.
Jdau} }be Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Dj`k
JMDy woyoa` oy j` Jyoj j`m jiogoi tecoa` gtee ag ~awet}. O}y foyyoa` oy }a beh~ o}y meweha~o`c fefdetiau`}toey yudy}j`}ojhh temuie ~awet} j`m of~tawe }be zujho} ag hoge ag }beot ~ea~he. Mey~o}e }betecoa`y fj` yuiieyyey( o} tefjo`y bafe }a }sa&}botmy ag }be sathmy ~aat< :.2 dohhoa` ~ea~he sbahowe a` heyy }bj` -4 j mj( so}b ?>9 fohhoa` y}tuccho`c a` heyy }bj` -:.45 j mj. JMD oy iaffo}}em}a temuio`c ~awet} }btaucb o`ihuyowe eia`afoi ctas}b( e`wota`fe`}jhh yuy}jo`jdhe ctas}b( j`mtecoa`jh o`}ectj}oa`.
Djyem o` Fj`ohj( JMD oy as`em d 73 fefdety( o`ihumo`c =2 gtaf }be tecoa`. O}y fjo` o`y}tufe`}ygat beh~o`c o}y meweha~o`c fefdet iau`}toey jte ~ahoi mojhacue( haj`y( ezuo} o`wey}fe`}y(cujtj`}eey( ctj`}y( j`m }eib`oijh jyyoy}j`ie.