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Financial | Broadcast | Telecommunication | Process Automation | Defence |Space | Power | Traffic Control | Professional Audio Video | Test & Measurement
Time synchronisation for critical networks
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PTP in IP Broadcast
Nikolaus Kerö Daniel Boldt
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The All-IP Studio
Essence transport is converging towards IP SMPTE ST 2022-6/7 (SDI over IP) VSF TR-03 (video, audio, metadata) AES67 (audio) SMPTE ST 2110-xx
Conventional sync signals are no viable option any longer R.I.P. Black Burst and Tri-Level Sync …
One single scalable network for video/audio/metadata/control/intercom and SYNC !?
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Time Transfer in Broadcasting
SDI Frequency Transfer
Relative Phase Transfer (Black-Burst, Tri-Level-Sync) Absolute phase offset
Absolute Time Transfer
All-IP Asynchronous Medium
Packet based Time Transfer PTP – Precision Time Protocol
Frequency
Phase
Absolute Time
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PTP Precision Time Protocol
Accurate (sub-µs) time and frequency transfer
Widely used in every Ethernet based application Telecom, Power, Finance, T&M, Industrial automation, …
Highly generic standard Customizable via PTP profiles
PTP Profiles for the Broadcasting SMPTE ST 2059-1/2, AES67
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PTP Basic Principles (I)
Simple, hierarchical time transfer One PTP Grandmaster is selected
Two-way time transfer is established to all PTP Slaves
Clock deviation can be calculated and corrected
Autonomous Master Selection BMCA – Best Master Clock Algorithm
Beware of the Transmission Delays
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Master
Slave 1
Slave nSlave 2
MasterTime
SlaveTime
12:00
12:00
T2,S
T1,M
Master
SlaveSlave n
Sync message
Delay Response
Delay Request
T3,S
T4,M
OffsetM,S
𝑇2,𝑆 − 𝑇1,𝑀 = 𝑇2,1𝑇4,𝑀 − 𝑇3,𝑆 = 𝑇4,3
𝑂𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 =𝑇2,1 − 𝑇4,2
2
𝐷𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑦 =𝑇2,1 + 𝑇4,3
2
T4,M
PTP Basic Principles (II)
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PTP Master Election Process
Based on Announce Messages (and their timeouts) Messages containing information about clock quality
No Master is present (during start-up or Master failure) All nodes „Announce“ their clock properties All nodes converge and select THE single Best Master
A better Master enters the network (i.e. after upgrade) Discovers it has superior clock parameters and announces itself Takes over as the better Master (current Master backs-off)
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PTP Basic Principles (III)
Transmission delay ought to be constant Overprovisioning of network Limits in HW architecture of network devices Can be mitigated by prioritizing PTP traffic
Careful planning of network architecture and load
PTP aware network devices Transparent Clocks Boundary Clocks
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BCBC
Slave IISlave III
Master
Slave IV
S1
M3 M4 Mn
M2
BMCA for all ports
Slave I
Listen IIListen III
Listen IV
Listen I
L1
L3 L4 Ln
L2
Master I
Slave IISlave III
Slave IV
L1
M3 M4 Mn
S2
BC 2
PTP Boundary Clock
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P2
Switch
P1 Pn
Slave nSlave 2
Sync message
Master
TS memory
PTP End2End Transparent Clock
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PTP aware network devices (I)
• Boundary Clock (Active PTP Device)• The local clock is synchronized to the Grandmaster• Every port acts as a PTP node (Ordinary Clock)• Time is re-generated and forwarded to all Slaves
• Transparent Clock (Passive PTP Device)• Residence time is measured for every PTP packet• Timestamps are drawn at ingress and egress.• Difference is added to the „Correction Field“
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PTP aware network devices (II)
• Boundary clocks• + Good for hierarchical systems
• + Scale well with the number of devices
• + Can translate between different media
• ─ Cascaded Systems require special attention
• ─ Requires continuous monitoring
• End-to-end transparent clocks• + Simple deployment, minimal monitoring
• + Accuracy independent of network topology
• ─ Scale poorly with the number of devices (master sees all slaves)
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SMPTE ST 2059-2 – a PTP Profile
Basic Broadcasting requirements Fast Locking … less than 1µs in 5sec Considerably high message rates Various applications
OB VAN
Large studio environments
Backward compatibility to legacy systems Re-generate Sync Signals
Generate Time labels
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SMPTE ST 2059-2 – a PTP Profile
Transport Specific IPv4 or IPv6
Multicast, mixed mode, Unicast
PTP network devices All types aware devices are allowed but not mandatory
PTP message rates Sub-Ranges and default values
Synchronization Metadata TLV Additional information on clocks, Daily jam, frame rates, …
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Other Standards and Profiles
SMPTE ST 2059-1 – not quite a PTP Profile Time labels
Alignment points for video sync signals WRT to PTP time
AES67- Audio over IP More than a PTP Profile for audio applications
Lower message rates, differing default values
No synchronisation metadata
AES-R16-2016: AES Standards Report PTP parameters for AES67 and SMPTE ST 2059-2 interoperability
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Alignment Points
Every node has the SAME absolute time information
Every video signal is assumed to Start at te beginning of the PTP- EPOCH 1.1.1970 00:00:00.0000 Rational frequency
120Hz, 59.97Hz etc.
Every PTP Node can calculate The point in time of the next rising edge in multiples on ns
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Large Broadcast Networks
Large set of endpoints operating either as source, destination or both for a set of services including PTP
Defines the number of required port switches
Built around single switch or spine/leaf architecture
Network redundancy is implied Endpoints connected to both networks
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Meet the PTP Adversaries
Large PTP Networks Generally, end nodes process all PTP Messages in software
Multicast causes a high load for all nodes
Multicast processing for all nodes needs to be monitored
e.g. 750 Slaves @ 8 msg/s → 12.000 msg /s for each device!
Solutions Mixed Mode: Upstream messages sent in unicast
Partition PTP network using BCs
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Dual networks: Timing redundancy
PTP Slave PTP Slave
PTP Grand Master Passive PTP Master
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BC BC BC BC
Grandmaster
Slave 2
AuxiliaryMaster
SpineLeaf Leaf
Out-of-BandMeasurement
PTP Aware Network Setup
Slave 1
PTP Simulator750 Slaves
ExternalSynchronisation Out-of-Band
Measurement
N x 3G SDIM x 3G SDI
BC
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750 Slaves, Offset viewed by Slave
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
ns
s
Offset as seen by Slave 1Offset as seen by Slave 2
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
ns
s
Offset as seen by Slave 1Offset as seen by Slave 2
Hold over until BC chain has settled
New Master at same BC
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750 Slaves, Out-of-Band Data
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
ns
s
Out-of-Band measurement Slave 1Out-of-Band measurement Slave 2
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
ns
s
Out-of-Band measurement Slave 1Out-of-Band measurement Slave 2
Master and Slave connected to same BC
3 BCs betweenMaster and Slave
PartiallycompensatedAsymmetry
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750 Slaves, Video Traffic, Offset by Slave
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
ns
s
Offset as seen by Slave 1Offset as seen by Slave 2
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750 Slaves, Video Traffic, Out-of-Band
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
ns
s
Out-of-Band measurement Slave 1Out-of-Band measurement Slave 2
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2048 Unicast Slaves, Video Traffic
-100
-50
0
50
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
ns
s
Offset as seen by the SlaveOut-of-Band Offset measurement
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Fault Tolerance in PTP
BMCA addresses only a subset of fault conditions Triggered ONLY by Absence of Announce Messages
Announce rates and timeouts have to be configured identically across all nodes
Absence of PTP event messages remains undetected Errors in PTP devices
Misconfigured network and/or end devices
Sudden changes/deteriorations in the network Path changes
Bandwidth overload
PTP defines ONLY a protocol but NOT a specification of the servo Reaction to network load changes is implementation dependent
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Why Monitor a PTP Network?
Querying Slaves via PTP Management messages is insufficient Only current offset as seen by the Slave is reported Asymmetries are not accounted for
Out-of-Band measurement techniques are required 1-PPS Signals
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Why Monitor a PTP Network?
All auxiliary Masters are hot stand-by devices PTP State … PASSIVE
Auxiliary Masters have to be verified prior to engaging them Path to Auxiliary Master could be broken Clock quality could have degraded Loss of external time source
PTP Aware Network Devices need to be monitored as well!
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Extended Monitoring
T02 𝑇02 − 𝑇01 = 𝑇21𝑇04 − 𝑇03 = 𝑇43
𝑂𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡 =𝑇43 − 𝑇21
2,
𝐷𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑦 =𝑇21 + 𝑇43
2
MonitoringSystem
12:00
T01
T03
Slave
12:00
Master Slave12:00
12:00
Del_Req
Sync
Del_Resp
T04
Sync
Del_Req + TLV
Del_Resp + TLV
GPSGPS
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PTP Unaware Network Topology
Grandmaster SlaveAuxilliary Master
40G 40G 40G
1G
1 PPS
1 PPS
1G
SpineLeaf Leaf Leaf
Out-of-Band Measurement
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Master to Slave Delay
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
ns
s
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Filtered Offset viewed from the Slave
-100
-50
0
50
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
ns
s
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Offset measured out-of-band
-100
-50
0
50
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
ns
s
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9 Hops /w no PTP Support – 120% load
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
ns
s
"filtered.dat"
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Conclusions
PTP scales for any broadcasting application Fast locking, large number of Slaves, …
Sub-µs accuracy can be achieved easily
Time transfer is mission critical! GM redundancy is required and supported
Use PTP aware network devices whenever possible
Continuous monitoring is mandatory
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Thank you
Strontium-ion optical clock at NPL UK - 100ns deviation per 100 years
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Meinberg Funkuhren GmbH & Co. KG
www.meinbergglobal.com
PTP in IP BroadcastIP Transport Standards, Interoperability and real-world projects
Daniel Boldt
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Current Studio Transport Technology: SDI
• SDI = Serial Digital Interface• Professional Studio Infrastructure for uncompressed video & audio• Coax (BNC 75 Ohms) for bitrates between 270MBit (SD) to 12GBit (UHD)
• Pro SDI: • Robust, well-known technology• Easy to understand• Easy to build• Infrastructure is sufficient for existing workflows (until now)
• Contra SDI:• Scalability is limited• Essences are always bound (video, audio, ancillary data altogether)• Extensions are complex (many heavy cables) -> especially for OB Trucks• Physical limits for the bandwidth seem to be reached• Demux/Mux processing everywhere to seperate and recombine streams
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Motivation for IP Transport
www.aimsalliance.org
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Motivation for IP Transport – Logical Consequence?
Advertisement (Cinegy)
Signage seen at IBC
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IP Audio / Video Transport
www.aimsalliance.org
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IP Audio / Video Transport
SMPTE ST 2022-1/2/3/4 MPEG2 Transport Stream over IPSMPTE ST 2022-5/6 SDI over IP
Both standards are „Multiplex Standards“.Video, Audio and ancillary data are packed as a common IP stream
A receiver always has to receive the full stream, even if it is interested only in one singleembedded stream.
• IP is actually a multiplex standard -> Why should not every packet be part of a different stream?
• Solution: VSF TR-03 -> now evolved to SMPTE ST 2110:• Every part of a media signal is a seperate IP data stream.
• A receiver only gets the data that he needs. -> Bandwidth efficiency!
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IP Audio / Video Transport – TR-03
www.aimsalliance.org
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IP Transport – SMPTE ST 2110
SMPTE ST 2110 – 10 System Timing - incl. PTP and how it is used in 2110 (public)
• PTP is sent out to every system as a common time base. • The „Transmitters“ label every packet with an RTP time stamp that represents the
sampling time• The „Receivers“ can now re-arrange these streams correctly with these time stamps
as they have also a locally synchronised clock via PTP• SDP -> Session Description Protocol – Contains information about every stream
SMPTE ST 2110 – 20 Uncompressed Video (public)• Uses IETF RFC 4175• Only the active video lines are sent (no vertical blanking)
-> optimized bandwidth efficiency
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IP Transport – SMPTE ST 2110
SMPTE ST 2110 – 21 Traffic Shaping Uncompressed Video
SMPTE ST 2110 – 30 PCM Digital Audio (public)
• Uses AES67 with very few limitiations or restrictions
SMPTE ST 2110 – 31 AES3 Digital Audio
SMPTE ST 2110 – 40 Ancillary Data
SMPTE ST 2110 – 50 Compatibility to ST 2022-6 (Video only, TR-04)
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AIMS
AIMS, the Alliance for IP Media Solutions (AIMS), is a non-profit trade alliance that promotes theopen standards that broadcast and media companies use to move from legacy SDI systems to a virtualized IP based future — quickly and profitably.
AIMS is also a big sponsor of the IP Showcase Events at IBC and NAB which are the main tradeshows of the broadcasting industry.
As AIMS fosters the adoption of open standards in the broadcasting industry, they automaticallypush the use of PTP in this field.
http://www.aimsalliance.org
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The way to SMPTE ST 2110
www.aimsalliance.org
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Joint Task Force of Networked Media Roadmap
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SMPTE Interop Tests und ShowcasesInteroperability Events for SMPTE ST 2059 and ST 2110
Goals:- Verification of the PTP Profile SMPTE ST 2059-2, ensure interoperability between vendors→ PTP implementation correct?→ Performance specification fulfilled?→ Test of baseband signals (black burst) -> aligned with PTP?
2015, November: 1st Interop: SMPTE ST 2059 PTP Tests2016, Juni: 2nd Interop: 2059 PTP Tests2016, August: 3rd Interop: IBC Showcase planning, TR-03, incl. JT-NM, AES2016, September: IBC Amsterdam: IP Interoperability Zone2017, Februar: 4th Interop: VSF, SMPTE 21102017, März: 5th Interop: 2059 PTP Tests incl. Timecode2017, April: NAB Pre-Staging (JT-NM, AES, AIMS), SMPTE ST 2110, Preparation IP Showcase2017, April: NAB Las Vegas: IP Showcase -> SMPTE ST 2110 Final Draft2017, August: IBC Pre-Staging (JT-NM), Preparation IP Showcase2017, September: IBC Amsterdam: IP Showcase -> SMPTE ST 2110, Playout, Live Production
2018: IP Showcase preparations for NAB
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SMPTE Interop Tests at FOX, Houston
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IBC IP Interoperability Zone 2016, Amsterdam
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NAB IP Showcase 2017, Las Vegas
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IBC IP Showcase 2017, Amsterdam
• Largest IP Showcase until today• More than 50 companies contributing• Dedicated sections for Live Production,
Connection Management and Playout
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PTP in IP Broadcast studios
SMPTE defined a standard ST 2059 for „Genlock over IP“
Source: Sony
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SMPTE ST 2059-1 Relationship to baseband timing signals
SMPTE ST 2059-1 defines alignment points (events) to re-generate a black-burst or tri-level sync signal. SMPTE uses uneven media frequencies (non-integer)
-> both sources need to be combined
PTP synchronised clock
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Hybrid Timing Infrastructure
PTP Can Coexist with Legacy References in Same FacilityGPS
PTP
Network Fabric (cloud of switches)Centralized Equipment
Facility Equipment
PTP Slave
PTP Slave1
Legacy Master 1 BlackBurst
DARS
TimecodePTP Slave2
Legacy Master 2
Autochangeover
PTP
Grandmaster 1
Grandmaster 2
`` `
``
``
``
`
BlackBurst
DARSTimecode
Facility Equipment
Legacy Slave
© Paul Briscoe
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Project BCE Luxemburg (RTL City)
The RTL group is Europe‘s largestbroadcaster
The „RTL City“ project was launched 2013 to consolidate all of RTL‘s operations at itsnew headquarters in Luxemburg. Seven new buildings have been build witha total cost of 105 Million Euros
BCE is the in-house system integrator for the RTL Headquarters in Luxemburg
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Project BCE Luxemburg (RTL City)
Requirements: • Support all RTL activities as a minimum of 10 years and adapt to new workflows• All-IP production environment if possible• SMPTE 2022-6/-7 plus AES67 with upgrade option to TR-03 / SMPTE 2110
-> requires PTP Timing• Future proof, scalable, flexible and vendor neutral -> Usage of open standards
• November 2014: Concept / Planning• July 2015: Proof Of Concept• September 2015: Proof of Interoperability• December 2015: Final decision of technologies and products, Pilot phase• Early 2017: On Air with Phase 1
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Project BCE Luxemburg (RTL City)
Decision was made to use of standards that rely on seperate streams for Audio and Video.-> SMPTE ST 2022-6 + AES67 as additional audio streams,
VSF TR-03, SMPTE 2110 (upgrade)
This architecture requires PTP synchronisation
• Large number of PTP Slaves (> 2300 in last phase)• Redundant network switch architecture (SMPTE ST 2022-7) with multiple vendors
(Juniper, Arista)• No boundary clock usage considered due to switch vendors roadmap time scales
-> End to End PTP approach requires powerful PTP Grandmaster port.2300 clients cause 18400 Delay Requests per second with default SMPTE profilesettings
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Project BCE Luxemburg (RTL City) – System Timing
PTP ST 2059-2 „BC“
© SAM, Phil Myers
PTP Hybrid Mode:
>2300 PTP Slaves viaTransparent ClocksRedundant ST 2022-7 network
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PTP over WAN
Challenges when using PTP over WAN connections:
• Unpredictable Packet Delay Variation Jitter that affects Slave accuracy and stability(„Dynamic Time error“ - dTE)
• Unknown Asymmetry for Receive and Transmit path (Constant Time Error - cTE)• Network Path Re-arragements can lead to asymmetry changes (Offset Steps)
• Solution:• PTP Gateway Clock at remote site that filters the PTP signal• High-Quality oscillator necessary to bridge holdover and statisitic measurement periods• Advanced adaptive filter mechanisms in Slave clock• Asymmetry Step detection mechanism• Automatic PTP Bias Offset calibration to reference source (e.g. GPS)
• Gateway clock („Edge Grandmaster“) provides „clean“ PTP Master signal to local PTP clientsat remote site
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PTP over WAN – Accuracy GM output
Measurement Setup:LANTIME M3000, GPS synced, PTP GM, PPS out as ReferenceCalnex Paragon-X as Measurement Unit
Graph:M3000 PTP output vs. M3000 PPS reference
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PTP over WAN – Accuracy PTP Slave after TC
Measurement Setup:
LANTIME M3000, GPS sync, PTP GM, PPS outOregano syn1588 GBit Switch as Transparent ClockLANTIME M1000, PTP Slave input, PPS out
Graph:M1000 PPS output vs. M3000 PPS reference output
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PTP over WAN with Edge Grandmaster solution
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PTP over WAN – Accuracy after 10 HOPs (no PTP support)
Simulated congestednetwork over 10 Hops
Packet delay variation> 100 µs (Master->Slave)> 60 µs (Slave ->Master)Resulting Asymmetry:approx. 8 µs
Calnex Paragon-X used asImpairment generator
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PTP over WAN – Accuracy after 10 HOPs (no PTP support)
Simulated congestednetwork over 10 Hops
Packet delay variation> 100 µs (Master->Slave)> 60 µs (Slave ->Master)Resulting Asymmetry:approx. 8 µs
PTP connection with64 Syncs/s and 64 DelayReq/s
GPS antennadisconnected fromPTP Slave after 2 hoursContinue with PTP only
Maximum phase error:< 300 ns within 3 days
GPS disconnected
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WDR - DVB-T2 Synchronisation with backup over WAN
WDR: DVB-T2 Transmitter Synchronisation with PTP backup
WAN
PTP Master PTP Slave
DVB-T2 Transmitter Location (Langenberg)
Central PTP Grandmaster (Cologne)GPS GPS
Priority 1: GPSPriority 2: PTP
PTP Profile:ITU-T. G.8275.2 8x 1-PPS Out / 8x 10 MHz OUT
- Local PTP Master- Word Clock / DARS- NTP Server- 1-PPS / 10 MHz- Black Burst
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WDR - Remote Studio Synchronisation
Synchronisation of distributed remote radio studios for AES67/RAVENNA Audio equipmentSeparated Frequency, Phase and Time-of Day references
WAN
- Remote PTP Master (TOD,Phase)- 2.048 kHz Out
Remote Studio (Düsseldorf)„PTP Gateway“
Sync Master (Cologne)GPS
Priority 1: 2048 kHz INPriority 2: PTP IN„Hybrid Clock“
PTP Profile: ITU-T G.8275.22.048 kHZ via NetInsight NIMBRAor: PTP only via Dark Fibre
- Local PTP Out-> AES67 Media Profile- Word Clock / DARS Out
- Local PTP Master- Word Clock / DARS- NTP Server- 1-PPS / 10 MHz- Black Burst
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Life is all about having a good time.
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