Download - Thursday October 11, 2012 (Review of the Structure of the Periodic Table; WS – The Periodic Table)
ThursdayOctober 11, 2012
(Review of the Structure of the
Periodic Table; WS – The Periodic Table)
Bell RingerThursday, 10-11-12
Which elements on the Periodic Table have specific names, and
what are those names?Group 1 (except hydrogen ) the Alkali Metals
Group 2 the Alkaline-Earth Metals
Groups 3-12 the Transition Metals
Group 17 the Halogens
Group 18 the Nobel Gases
Top row of the f-block The Lanthanides
Bottom row of the f-block The Actinides
Some elements have special namesAlkali metals
Alkaline-Earth metals
Transition metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
Bell RingerThursday, 10-11-12
How many valence electrons (electrons in the atom’s highest energy level) do the
main-block elements have?Group 1 1
Group 2 2
Group 13 3
Group 14 4
Group 15 5
Group 16 6
Group 17 7
Group 18 8
Number of Highest Energy Level
(Valence) Electrons (Main Blocks Only)
12 3 4 5 6 7
8
Bell RingerThursday, 10-11-12
What are the oxidation states of the main-block elements?
Group 1 1+
Group 2 2+
Group 13 3+
Group 14 4+/-
Group 15 3-
Group 16 2-
Group 17 1-
Group 18 0
Oxidation State (Main Blocks Only)
1+
2+ 3+ 4+/- 3- 2- 1-
0
Announcements
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Assignment Currently Open
Summative or
Formative?Date Issued Date Due Date Into
GradeSpeed Final Day
Project - History of Atomic Structure
ResearchS 1 & 2 9/27 10/5 10/11
QUIZ 5 S7 9/28 9/28 10/12
QUIZ 6 S3 10/5 10/5 10/19
The Modern Periodic Table
Today, the Periodic Table is an arrangement of the
elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar
properties fall in the same column, or group.
Periods and BlocksElements are arranged in vertical
columns, or groups, based upon similar chemical properties.
Elements are arranged in horizontal rows, or periods, based upon the energy level
of their outermost electrons.
There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the modern Periodic Table
Periods and BlocksHow to determine the PT position of a main-block element from its electron
configuration:Example) Chlorine (Cl)1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p5
The highest main energy level that chlorine has electrons in is level 3, therefore
chlorine must be in period 3.Chlorine’s electron configuration notation
ends in p5 – the only group that does this is group 17.
Periods and Blockss-block metalsGroups 1 & 2
Group 1 – highly reactive alkali metalsGroup 2 – reactive alkaline-earth metals
also includes helium
These elements have only 1 or 2 electrons in their highest energy level, so they lose these electrons in order to become stable.
These elements usually bond ionically instead of covalently.
Periods and Blocksp-block elements
Groups 13 - 18, except He.
Composed of metals, metalloids, and non-metals
Together with s-block elements are called “main-block” elements.
Have anywhere from 3 to 8 electrons in highest energy level.
Periods and Blocks
HydrogenIs placed above group 1, but doesn’t share
properties with group 1 metals.Hydrogen is a non-metal with some unique
properties.
HeliumIs a Noble gas like groups 18 elements, but is
considered to be in the s-block b/c of its 2 electrons in highest energy level.
Like all Noble gases, helium is stable and non-reactive.
non-metal elements with some exceptions
Periods and Blocksd-block metals
The d-block begins to fill after the 4s sub-level.
These are the transition metals.
They are usually shiny and are good conductors of electricity and heat.
They are less reactive than the metals in groups 1 and 2.
Periods and Blocksp-block elements
Group 17 contains the halogens, which are highly reactive non-metals.
They have 7 electrons in their outer-most energy, which caused their reactivity.
The halogens react with metals to form salts.
Some are gases at room temperature, while others are solids or liquids.
MetalloidsBrittle solids that have intermediate
properties between metals and non-metals
The Noble GasesThe Nobel gases are found in
group 18.They all have a full compliment of
8 electrons in their outer-most energy level, which makes them
stable and non-reactive.They are all gases at room
temperature.
Periods and Blocksf - block metals
Lanthanides14 elements located in the upper
row of the f-blockThis row fits between Groups 3
and 4 in the 6th Period.These are shiny metals similar in
reactivity to Group 2.
Periods and Blocksf - block metals
Actinides
14 elements located in the lower row of the f-block
This row fits between Groups 3 and 4 in the 7th Period.
These metals are all radioactive.