Thoughts from the Thousand-Year Capital of Kyoto on a Future Sustainable Thousand Years
Mayor of Kyoto City
Daisaku Kadokawa
© Central Japan Railway Company
Let’s go to Kyoto Kyoto Academia Forum in Marunouchi
Religion
Creation of culture
From the classics to
manga and modern art
Self-governance
Education
Nature Human rights
Multiculturalism
Universities/ Students
10% of the population are students
University consortium: 49 universities
Kyoto, a rare city that passes on its traditions and has developed over 1,000 years without interruption to its urban function and culture
This “innovation” and “integration”
“Community development" via the integration of "universities", "industries," "culture and art", "religion", and “community”, enables the city to
continue, create, and develop for over a thousand years in harmony with nature.
Environment (Kyoto Protocol)
International Declaration of Kyoto
as a City Open to the Free Exchange
of World Cultures
× Manufacturing Spiritual culture
People’s happiness requires social peace and development
Mutually stimulate and enhance to pass on and create “sensibility”, “master craftsmanship”, and “wisdom”
「Development of human resources」
Food Culture
Welfare Medical care
Landscape
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Any city is in need of some ideal.
Kyoto is an ancient city which has preserved old cultural heritages and scenic natural beauty for over one thousand years. We cannot, however, merely take pride in past glories, nor live isolated. We must communicate widely with the world, and through international exchanges Kyoto must be always renewed culturally and continue to create her own unique culture.
It is our hope, therefore, to make Kyoto a center of international cultural exchange.
A free city for international cultural exchange is one where peoples of any country may assemble freely and in peace, regardless of race, creed or social system, for the purpose of cultural exchange...we, the citizens of Kyoto, would like calmly to make this resolution and pledge our efforts towards what we can do for the realization of this ideal.
Declaration of Kyoto as a City Open to the Free Exchange of World Cultures (1978)
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Special Skills ~Japan’s special skills passed on to Kyoto~
Good judge
Endeavor
Sharp eyes for accurate evaluation
Master craftsmanship
Excellence
Mastery of craft
Sharpening everything to the utmost limit
Endeavouring, progressive spirit
Frugality
Hospitality Warm heart welcoming visitors
Prevention of waste (mottainai)
Grand Vision of Kyoto indicating the ideal vision for the city in the 21st century
Master Concept of Kyoto City (2001~2025)
Chapter 1: “Citizens’ way of life”
Value people and nature (co-existence) 4
History of Global Warming Countermeasures in Kyoto City for the Past 20 Years Since the Adoption of the Kyoto Protocol ~Aiming at the "Simultaneous Solution of Issues" with the "Integration of Policies")
1997 ➣
2010 ➣
2004 ➣
Organization of COP3, adoption of Kyoto Protocol
Establishment of Japan's first ordinance with specialized global warming countermeasures
Reduction target: 10% reduction from 1990 levels by FY 2010
Full revision of ordinance
Reduction targets: 25% reduction from 1990 levels by FY 2020 and 40% reduction by FY 2030
Formulation of "Strategies to Promote Energy Policies"
Selected as one of the Rockefeller Foundation's "100 Resilient Cities" (Improvement of adaptation measures for the effects of climate change)
2013 ➣
2016 ➣
Energy targets (by FY 2020 from FY 2010 levels) Energy consumption: Reduce by 15% or more Introduction of renewable energy: Triple or higher
2017 ➣ Revision of Global Warming Countermeasures Plan (Includes “Road to Project 0”, a strategy with a focus on the long-term future)
2009 ➣ Selected by the national government as an eco-model city
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2015 ➣ Establishment and enforcement of "Shimatsu-no-Kokoro Ordinance," which aims to reduce waste by half Organization of COP 23, adoption of Paris Agreement
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
(TJ)
0 ≈
26% reduction
Energy Conservation with Residents & Businesses United Energy consumption in FY 2015 (Kyoto City area) decreased by 26% from its peak
Greenhouse gas emissions (Kyoto City area)
Change to power structure after the Great East Japan Earthquake
CO2 emission coefficient of electricity: FY 2010 0.316 ➡ FY 2015 0.498 (About 60% increase) (Unit: kg-CO2/kWh)
Compared to 1990 By FY 2010: 15% reduction Target achieved!
By FY 2015: 3.2% reduction (3.9% increase for all of Japan in FY 2015)
Peak
(FY 1997)
6
82
65
50 41.7 39
0
20
40
60
80
2000 2006 2010 2016 2020
Volume of waste almost halved since peak! (49% reduction)
To less than half!
❖ Significant reduction in waste treatment/disposal costs: Reduced by JPY 15.4 billion
FY 2002 (peak): JPY 36.7 billion ➡ FY 2016: FY 21.3 billion
Peak
Target
(10,000 t) ・Promotion of "Eco-school districts" to become involved in
community-wide ecological activities ・ "Biodiesel Fuel Project" through the collection of "used
tempura oil," making full use of civic and regional power
Reduce Waste by Half Together with Residents!
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Further Reduce Food Loss! To Half! ❖ Food loss (untouched food and leftover food) estimated from a waste
composition survey was 96,000 tons at the peak of 2000.
❖ We set numerical targets for the first time in the country to reduce food loss
to 50,000 tons by 2020 (half from peak).
50,000 tons
Halve
96,000 t 65,000 t
FY 2000 FY 2015 FY 2020
<Target>
❖ This fiscal year, we are carrying out studies and social experiments aimed at reviewing sales and business practices with little food loss as the first initiative in Japan.
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
1994 2016
Switch from Car-Centric Society to a Society Prioritizing People and Public Transport
Walking City, Kyoto
Percentage of people visiting Kyoto by private car
41.7%
9.3%
28.3%
21.8% 21.8%
27.8%
15%
20%
25%
30%
自動車 鉄道・バス
2000 2016
Share ratio of transportation
Establishment of "Walking City, Kyoto" Charter (January 2010) Development of comprehensive "Walking City, Kyoto" transportation strategy with 94 policies! ・Attractive city development with people in
leading roles ・Improved convenience of public transport
Railway, bus Automobiles
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From 1980 for the past 37 years, a detailed waste composition survey has been carried out in collaboration with Kyoto University ➡ The outcome will be policies that will become a model for the entire country.
Strategy focused on the long-term future outlined in the Kyoto City Global Warming Countermeasures Plan (revised in March of this year)
Road to Project 0
I Measures implemented steadily to achieve reduction targets
Today
Long-term future
II Measures focused on the medium-term future
III Measures focused on the long-term future
Paris Agreement target
Anthropogenic emissions Net zero
Human resources development
Transformation of lifestyles and social mechanisms
Innovation
★
★
★
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Pass on and create sensibility, master craftsmanship, and wisdom for people
Development of human resources Integrated with universities, industries, culture, art, religion,
and communities
Innovation
Manufacturing Spiritual Culture
Kyoto ware Kiyomizu-
ware
Buddhist objects
Shrine objects
Traditional architecture
Dyed textiles
Sake
Ceramics
Precision machinery
Medical equipment
Capacitor, etc.
Semiconductor manufacturing
equipment
Drug development Biomedicine
iPS
Co
nte
nt in
du
stries
Ad
vance
d in
du
stries
Innovation Textiles
Man
ufactu
ring
74
de
signated
traditio
nal
ind
ustries in
Kyoto
City
Movies, manga, anime, games,
performing arts, etc.
Forest industry
Cu
lture
Ikebana
Tea ceremony
Incense ceremony
Kyo-cuisine
Festivals
Noh, Kyogen Kabuki, dance
Life aesthetics Lifestyle philosophy
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Machiya townhouses
Kyo-vegetables
★ Succeeded in the mass production of a SiC (silicon carbide) semiconductor power device with significant energy-saving effects and is aiming at social implementation
Gathering of leading universities and research institutes in the
country at the forefront of research
Create Innovation by Collecting the Wisdom of Industry, Academia, and Government
Gathering of companies from a wide-range of industries,
from traditional to advanced technologies
❖ Manufacturing base with highly-
convenient transport access
❖ Advanced Chemical Technology Center in Kyoto (ACT Kyoto)
Rakunan Shinto ❖ Japan's first research part
operated by the private sector
❖ Concentration of a number of industrial support organizations, including over 400 venture companies and SMEs, Advanced Science, Technology & Management Research Institute of Kyoto, and Kyoto Municipal Institute of Industrial Technology and Culture
Kyoto Research Park ❖New industry creation base
through industry-academia-government cooperation, located adjacent to the Kyoto University Katsura campus
❖Advanced light processing project ("Ring of Knowledge" joint research center for industries, academia, and the government in Kyoto)
Katsura Innovation Park
★ Development of diverse applications for new plant-derived material, CNF (cellulose nanofiber) (strength 5 times or more that of iron, weight is about one-fifth that of iron) Improve fuel efficiency by reducing weight of automobile bodies ➡ Reduce CO2 13
Examples
December 1997
COP3 <Kyoto Protocol> ・ Developed countries set reduction targets and mandate
the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (Japan’s target is a 6% reduction from 1990 levels)
・ Developing countries have no obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
・ Achievement of targets through the economic approach of the “Kyoto Mechanism”(Emissions trading, Clean Development Mechanism, etc.)
December 2015
COP21
Kyoto Conference on the Global Environment 2017 (Kyoto+20)
<Paris Agreement> ・ Keep global average temperature rise well below 2
degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to maintain temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
・ Peak out greenhouse gas emissions as early as possible and balance anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and absorption in the second half of the century.
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Significant Advance from the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement
Accelerated concentration of the population in cities (today: 50% ⇒ 2050: 70%) → Environmental impacts in urban areas are also growing and urban action is
becoming more important → It is important to promote intercity collaboration and share lessons and
success stories to solve problems
◆ ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability
・ Served as the Chair of the East Asia Regional Executive Committee (May 2012 to present)
◆ Cooperation with Iskandar Development Region, Malaysia on environmental education
◆ Cooperation with Vientiane, Laos on reducing waste
◆ Cooperation with Xi’an, China on improvement of the water environment and air quality
◆ Cooperation with Varanasi, India on environmental education
◆ Council of Designated Cities on Natural Energy
・ Chair (July 2011 to present)
Case Examples in Kyoto City
Roles of Cities and Importance of Intercity Linkages
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DO YOU KYOTO? A re y o u d o i n g s o m e t h i n g g o o d fo r t h e
e nv i ro n m e n t ?