Download - Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle
![Page 1: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
الرحيم الرحمن الله بسم
University of Bahri
College of Veterinary Medicine
Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine
![Page 2: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Presentation About:
Theileriosis
![Page 3: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Theileriosis
![Page 4: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Theileriosis are those tick-borne protozoan
diseases associated with Theileria spp.
In Sudan, most cases of Bovine theileriosis
are caused by Th. annulata (tropical or
Mediterranean theileriosis) and Th. mutans
(benign theileriosis), and Th. parva (ECF)
may exist in Southern Sudan.
![Page 5: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Theileriosis of sheep and goat are caused by
Th. hirci (Th. lestoquardi - Malignant ovine
theileriosis) and Th. ovis (mild theileriosis).
Equine theileriosis are caused by Th. equi.
Transmission: Stage to stage
(Transtadial Transmission).
![Page 6: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Vector
Rhipicephalus Spp. Hyalomma Spp.
![Page 7: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Life Cycle
![Page 8: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
4) Lymphocyte lymphoblast (enlarged lymphocyte) and…
3) Sporozoite enters lymphocyte (WBC) schizont
6) 10-15 days post-infection, schizont merozoite (invades erythrocyte (RBC))
1) Sporozoites produced in tick salivary glands
2) Sporozoites transfer to ungulate if tick is attached for 48-72 hrs
5) …divides with schizont inside 2 infected daughter cells
7) In RBC, merozoite piroplasm (infect ticks)
8) RBCs ingested by nymphs during feeding
Incubation PeriodExperimentally Infected: 8-12 daysNaturally Infected: up to 3 weeks
9) Once in gut, undergoes sexual reproduction motile stage, moves to tick’s salivary gland
* 5-8 days post-infection: found in lymph nodes* Schizonts increase 10-fold every 3 days
![Page 9: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pathogenesis Tick inoculation of sporozoites lymphocytes
in local lymph node schizonts lymphoid
proliferation merozoites erythrocytes
piroplasms ticks.
Damage mainly by schizonts.
![Page 10: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Clinical Pictures Swelling of the draining lymph node, usually
the parotid.
Generalized lymphadenopathy.
Fever 40 – 41o C
![Page 11: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Poor condition and severe lymphadenopathy in
heifer
![Page 13: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lacrimation and corneal opacity
![Page 14: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Dyspnea
![Page 15: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Diarrhoea
![Page 16: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Recumbency
![Page 17: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Death usually within three weeks of infection
![Page 18: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
In case of Equine theileriosis there is fever,
anaemia, jaundice and haemoglobinuria.
Jaundice in a horse’s eye
![Page 19: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Occasional cases of brain involvement
occur and are characterized by circling,
hence 'turning sickness' or cerebral
theileriosis due to the presence of schizont
in the cerebral capillaries.
![Page 20: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
At necropsy Splenic enlargement.
Severe pulmonary emphysema and edema along
with hydrothorax and hydropericardium.
Generalized lymphoid hyperplasia.
Small lymphoid nodules (the so-called pseudo-
infarcts) are present in liver, kidney, and
alimentary track.
The carcass is emaciated and hemorrhages are
evident in a variety of tissues and organs.
![Page 21: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Ln. is enlarged and diffusely pale, and contains numerous petechiae.
Pulmonary emphysema and edema
Multiple pale foci on the
cortical surface of the kidney
are lymphoid infiltrates.
![Page 22: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Emaciated Carcass Kidney, There are multiple petechiae on the surface of the cortex. The lymph node near the hilus is markedly enlarged
Hydropericardium
![Page 23: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Diagnosis East Coast Fever only occurs where R.
appendiculatus is present, although
occasionally outbreaks such areas have
been recorded due to the introduction of
tick-infected cattle from an enzootic area.
![Page 24: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Test Don’t Guess!!!
Without laboratories Men
of Science are Soldiers
without Armies
![Page 25: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
In sick animals, macroschizonts are
readily detected in biopsy smears of
lymph nodes and in dead animals in
impression smears of lymph nodes and
spleen.
![Page 26: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
There are two types of schizonts (Koch’s Blue
Bodies)
• Macroschizont: one with large chromatin
granules gives (8-16 macromerozoites).
• Microschizont: one with small chromatin granules
gives (50-120 Micromerozoites) (Sexually
differentiated) and infect RBCs.
![Page 27: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
In the field, diagnosis is usually achieved by finding Theileria parasites in Giemsa-stained blood smears and lymph node needle biopsy smears
![Page 28: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Theileria Piroplasmosis
Lymphoblasts containing Theileria parasites
![Page 29: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The indirect fluorescent antibody test is
of value in detecting cattle which have
recovered from ECF.
![Page 30: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Differential diagnosis1. Heartwater because of pulmonary edema and
hydrothorax. Examination of brain smears and lymph
node or spleen impression smears can differentiate
between the two diseases.
2. Trypanosomiasis because of edema, lymphadenopathy,
and anemia. Blood and lymph node smear examination
will normally differentiate between the two diseases.
3. Babesiosis and anaplasmosis because of anemia.
These diseases can easily be differentiated from
theileriosis on examination of blood smears.
4. Malignant catarrhal fever because of
lymphadenopathy and corneal opacity. Examination of
blood and lymph node smears will clearly differentiate
between the two diseases.
![Page 31: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Treatment
Tetracyclines have a therapeutic effect
if given at the time of infection but they
are of no value in the treatment of
clinical cases.
![Page 32: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Parvaquone and Buparvaquone
Are Drugs of choice
in treating the clinical cases.
![Page 33: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Control Integrated approach involving resistant
animal breeds.
Vaccination by infection-and-treatment
methods.
![Page 34: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Strategic application
of acaricides.
![Page 35: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Dipping
![Page 36: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Recommended actions if theileriosis is
suspected
• Notification of authorities
Theileria species including Th. annulata
have been reported in Sudan; however, Th.
parva, is exotic. East Coast fever and
diseases caused by other exotic Theileria
spp. must be reported to state or federal
authorities immediately upon diagnosis or
suspicion of the disease.
![Page 37: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
References:-1) Books:
1. Roger W. Blowey and A. David Weaver. Color atlas of diseases and disorders of cattle,
3rded. PP. 234.
2. O. M. Radostits, C. C. Gay, K. W. Hinchcliff, P. D. Constable. VETERINARY
MEDICINE A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats, 10th ed.
PP. 1526 – 1531.
3. G.M.URQUHART, J. ARMOUR, J.L.DUNCAN, A.M.DUNN, F.W.JENNINGS:
Veterinary parasitology. 2nd ed. PP. 246 – 249. Blackwell Science,1996.
2) Online references
1. http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/clinical-signs-photos.php?name=
theileriosis
2. http://www.vetnext.com/search.php?s=aandoening&id=73289151820%20
278
![Page 38: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Prepared by:Ahmed Abdulkadir Hassan
![Page 40: Theileriosis by Ahmed kadle](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5587ed68d8b42a774b8b4675/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)