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The Value of an Additional Slot at
Capacitated Airports
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Sponsors
Judith Teller FoundationToronto, CA
Marty Goldberg
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The Team• Hebrew University
School of Business Administration
– Prof. Nicole Adler– Dr. Ekaterina Yazhemsky– Oren Petraru– Hadar Israeli
– AOR• Research methodology• Data collection• Analyzing results• Writing• Dissemination
• Fisher Institute– Itai Alon
– AOR• Airport and Flight Safety• Discussion & advice• Dissemination
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Airport & Flight Safety• Movements versus Safety
• How to measure airport safety? FOQA, Mishaps, Accidents
• How far can you go?• IFR / VFR, Theory/Reality• Xie 2004
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Aims• Compute the value of additional slots at
congested airports• Analyzing 30 busiest airports in United States and Europe
• Need to balance:• capacity utilization • delays
• Administrative systems:• US based on first come first served principle• Europe based on slot allocation & grandfather rights
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ATM & Delay• The aviation system is a queuing system & as demand hits
capacity the delays increase non-linearly• Odoni et al. (2010) measured the value of delay in the US for
2007:
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Source: Odoni & Morisset (2011)
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Scheduling based on VFR or IFR?
8
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Capacity Utilization versus Delays
• US: airline schedules based on VFR & high capacity utilization therefore high level of delays
• Europe: airline schedules based on slot allocations based on IFR & low capacity utilization therefore low levels of delay
• estimate connection between:– runway & terminal capacity – delays– profits for airports & airlines
• where is it worthwhile increasing capacity & how much is an extra movement worth?
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Europe15 airports (2005-2013)
ATM
)monthly(
Terminal capacity
Profit
Delays
(monthly)
Runway capacity
0.31
0.66
-0.34In August
0.46
0.85
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USA15 airports (2003-2013)
ATM
)monthly(
Terminal capacity
Profit
Delays
(monthly)
Runway capacity
0.36
0.50
-0.47In August
0.54
0.60
-0.65In February
0.35
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Conclusions• Airside greater impact on throughput than landside• Slot allocations limit volume hence reduce delays
(excessively)• In Europe: worthwhile increasing slots because value
of additional slot exceeds additional cost of delay• Questions to be considered in second part of project:
– Passenger viewpoint (schedule versus real delay)– Safety– Environmental externalities