Download - The United States at War
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THE UNITED STATES AT WAR
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FOCUS QUESTION:What would the United States have to do to prepare for this?
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FOCUS QUESTION:What would the United States have to do to prepare for this?
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SPLENDID ISOLATIONU.S. retreated to isolationism after WWI
• U.S. disgust with the war• Strong sense of anti-military fervor• Perception that U.S. interest weren’t at risk
U.S. refused to take role in League of Nations
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RISE OF BELLIGERENT POWERSAs war threatened, many became concernedFear of U.S. involvementSenate hearings on World War I
• War blamed on arms manufacturersTook steps to prevent
the U.S. involvement
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NEUTRALITY ACTSDesigned to keep U.S. from war
1935: No arms sales to belligerent nations1936: No loans or credit to belligerent nations1937: U.S. could not ship goods to belligerents
Tied the hands of the U.S.
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FDR’S EFFORTSFDR and his cabinet recognized the threatPrepare the U.S. for involvement
• Quarantine Speech 1937• Cash-and-Carry 1939• Lend-Lease 1940
Atlantic Charter August 1941
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PEARL HARBORJapanese attack brings U.S. into the warU.S. sets strategy in motion
• Initial outrage against Japan• Determined to defeat Germany first
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THE HOME FRONTWorld War II was a Total War
• Entire American society was directed toward the war effort
• No one did not take part in the war effort
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ECONOMYEconomic activity took on a wartime footing
• Massive military contracts sent production soaring• Lifted U.S. from the Depression
Directed by the War Production Board• Production of nonessential items were halted• Large-scale rationing of commodities• Some companies fought to have their products
listed as ’essential’The U.S. produced much of the war materiel used by the Allies
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INFLATION CURBSOffice of Price Administration created to prevent runaway inflation
• Less consumer goods could equal higher prices• To keep morale up, prices capped
With full employment concern rose over higher wages
• War Labor Board set caps on wages• Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act limited ability of
workers to strike
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FINANCEWorld War II cost the U.S. an estimate
$341 billion • ($4.137 trillion in today’s figures)
How do you finance this?• Taxation• War Bonds (135 billion sold in total)
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MORALENeed to keep up morale at homeSponsored numerous activities
• Victory Gardens• Meatless and Wheat-less days• Scrap Drives• Civil Defense Drills
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SOCIETAL SHIFTSFull Employment and Military Demands opened new opportunities
• African-Americans brought into numerous industrial jobs
• Bracero program opened opportunities for Mexican-Americans
• Five million women entered the industrial workplace
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