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The United Nations and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
Isa van der DriftCedar Ridge High School
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What is the most important role of the UN?
• Peace building?• International Government?• Peacekeeping?• Preventing wars?
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Relation to UN• Founded on the grounds of…
o preventing another World Waro preventing mass atrocities
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What is R2P?• R2P is the obligation to
protect and help other citizens of the world wheno Government can’to Government won’t
• Belief that nation-states are required to act in their peoples’ best interests
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Why is it important?
• We are all members of the global community
• Governments must protect their peopleo U.N. is a “global government”
• Responsibility to assist nations who can not assist themselves
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“Never Again”• After the Holocaust, U.N.
said “never again”• Yet, we had countless
examples of Crimes Against Humanity (CAH);o Rwandao Cambodiao Syria
• Why?
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History of R2P
• Idea originated after 1994 Rwandan genocideo U.N. and other nations
failed to act• Actual term originated in
2000 at the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS)o Created in the form of a
doctrine
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R2P Doctrine
• Important points:o Sovereignty: responsibility, not a righto First state, then International
Community/U.N.• 3 Responsibilities
o Prevent, react, rebuild• Military Intervention: last resort
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Military Intervention• Last Resort
o All others must have been used
• Right intento To halt human
suffering• Proportional
o Minimum intervention • Consequence of action
less than consequence of inaction
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Rwanda
• Government was unable to stop genocide• Hutu killing Tutsis, as well as Hutus not
supporting actions• U.N. and International Community not
actingo Debating genocide vs. acts of genocide
• 800,000 people killed
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Syria• Bashar al-Assad using
chemical weapons against civilianso Government unwilling to
protect people• U.N. in political
gridlock• International
Community not doing anything
• Current peace talks not working.
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Central African Republic (CAR)
• Government unable to control/help people
• Muslim and Christian communities fighting
• U.N. refusing to helpo Relying on other
nations• Members of E.U. are
supplying troopso France, Belgium
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Libya
• Fear that Benghazi would be attacked• Military intervention used in Libya
o Not a last resorto NATO- not U.N.
• Despite use of R2P, international community not happy with use of military interventiono Chain of intervention
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Faults with U.N. system• Security Council
o Veto Powerso Gridlock
• National security vs. Human security
• Chain of intervention• Sovereignty
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Solutions: UNSC• Security Council
o Reformo Veto Powerso Pressure
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Solutions: National vs. Human Security
• Emphasize importance of human security
• Political outlook• People vs. Politics
o Russia
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Solutions: Chain of Intervention
• Resolution directing specific chain of interventiono Prevent military involvement
• Potential chain:o Preventiono Humanitarian Aido Negotiationo Military Intervention
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Solutions: Sovereignty
• What is sovereignty today?• Change the definition
o Responsibility to protect peopleo Sovereignty is irrelevant when government
can’t protect
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Bibliography• "Libya Conflict: Q&A." BBC News. BBC, 20 Oct. 2011. Web. 25 Jan.
2014.• "United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL)." United Nations
Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL). United Nations, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.
• "United Nations Official Document." UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.
• "Central African Republic: Despite Insecurity, UN Provides Food for Hundreds of Thousands." UN News Center. UN, 24 Jan. 2014. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.
• "Genocide Watch." Genocide Watch. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.• Melly, Paul. "Why Central African Republic Is Slipping Close to
Catastrophe." Genocide Watch. Cable News Network, 02 Dec. 2013. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.
• "United Human Rights Council." United Human Rights Council. United Nations, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.
• "United Human Rights Council." United Human Rights Council. N.p., Dec. 2001. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.
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Bibliography• "R2P – A Short History." RSS. United Nations Regional Information
Centre for Western Europe, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.• Mutton, Jan F. "Responsibility to Protect." Dag Hammerskjöld
Foundation. DHF, Sept. 2013. Web. 31 Jan. 2014.• Farooqi, Manaal N. "Responsibility to Protect: In Need of Reform."
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs. N.p., Sept. 2013. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.
• Olesen, Thomas. "Global Injustice Memories: The 1994 Rwandan Genocide." International Political Sociology, Dec. 2012. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.
• Power, Samantha. "Bystanders to Genocide." The Atlantic, Sept. 2001. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.
• "Learn About RtoP." Learn About RtoP. International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.
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Photo Citations• http://www.standnow.org/learn/responsibility• http://endtimeinfo.com/2011/04/responsibility-to-protect-sets-tone-for-
one-world-order/• http://dornsife.usc.edu/calis/hslc-topic-history/• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council• https://www.nytexaminer.com/2013/08/holding-them-to-the-promise-of
-responsibility-to-protect-contemplating-the-paradox-of-r2p/• http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/issues/police.shtml• http://collections.yadvashem.org/photosarchive/en-us/46924.html• http://justiceinconflict.org/2013/02/27/a-fatal-attraction-the-un-securit
y-council-and-the-relationship-between-r2p-and-the-international-criminal-court/
• http://rt.com/news/syria-green-light-chemical-inspection-967/• http://www.voanews.com/content/us-official-visits-car-calls-for-violent-
groups-to-disarm/1813524.html• https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/