The Timeline of Inventors
Industrial Revolution Inventors & Inventions
TIMELINE OF INVENTORS
1. Who was the inventor?2. What was the invention?3. Where was it invented?4. When was it invented?5. What did the invention do? 6. What did the invention allow to happen?
The 1st Industrial Revolution
Historical Figures 1-8
1. JAMES HARGREAVES
1. JAMES HARGREAVES
• Spinning Jenny = thread
• Great Britain• 1764• 1st Industrial
Revolution• Makes clothes faster
and cheaper
2. James Watt
2. JAMES WATT
• Improved steam engine = energy• Great Britain• 1769• 1st Industrial Revolution• An engine that converts the heat
energy of pressurized steam into mechanical energy.
• Power source for factories
3. Henry Cort
3. Henry Cort
• Puddling process/furnace• Great Britain• 1784• 1st Industrial Revolution• Removed carbon impurities
from Iron making it stronger• Led to widespread use of
iron for a variety of items including iron rail (railroad)
4. Eli Whitney
4. ELI WHITNEY• Cotton gin – remove seeds
from cotton• United States• 1793• 1st Industrial Revolution• Made it easier to clean
cotton of its seeds• Increases cotton
production = more textiles
5. Edward Jenner• Small pox vaccine
• Great Britain
• 1798
• Helped prevent the spread of smallpox
• Greatly reduced the number of people getting smallpox and lower fatality rate.
1802 caricature of Jenner vaccinating patients who feared it would make them sprout cow-like appendages.
6. Robert Fulton
6. ROBERT FULTON• Steam Boat =
water transportation• United States• 1807• 1st Industrial Revolution• Propelled boats along waterways powered
by steam• Transportation – faster and cheaper
– Communication improves (mail moves faster)
7. Michael Faraday
7. MICHAEL FARADAY
• Electric Generator• Great Britain• 1821• 1st Industrial Revolution
to 2nd Industrial Revolution
• New energy source – makes light, heat, runs machines
8. George Stephenson
8. GEORGE STEPHENSON
• Steam locomotive – train• Great Britain• 1825• 1st Industrial Revolution
• Transportation – land, revolutionized transportation
• Linked people, place, goods• Creates demand for: iron rails
& engines, jobs for building & operating, coal
The 2nd Industrial Revolution
Historical Figures 9-18
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What were the major differences between the inventions of the first industrial revolution and the second industrial revolution?
9. Andrew Carnegie
9. Andrew Carnegie
• Mass production of steel
• United States• 1865• 2nd Industrial
Revolution• Steel – lighter,
harder, more durable than iron
10. Samuel Morse
10. SAMUEL MORSE• Telegraph – coded
messages over wires by means of electricity
• United States• 1844• 1st — 2nd Industrial
Revolution• Completely changed
communication; enabled rapid exchange of information
11. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
11. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE• Nursing profession
– Cleaner hospitals, better hygiene, 1st school of nursing
• Great Britain• 1860• 2nd Industrial Revolution• Health/Sanitation Revolution
12. LOUIS PASTEUR
12. LOUIS PASTEUR
• Germ Theory of Disease & Pasteurization - Kill germs – lowers disease & more people live
• France• 1870• 2nd Industrial Revolution• Pasteurization – heat-up &
cool down
13. THOMAS EDISON
13. THOMAS EDISON• Light Bulb• United States• 1879• 2nd Industrial Revolution• Light – led the way for
light and electricity; people (factories) can operate independent of daylight
14. Alexander Graham Bell
14. Alexander Graham Bell
• Telephone• United States• 1876• 2nd Industrial
Revolution• Made
communication easier and quicker
18821913
The Telephone
15. BENZ, MAYBACH & DAIMLER
Wilhelm Maybach
15. BENZ, MAYBACH & DAIMLER• Internal Combustion Engine
– Made transportation quicker and more reliable
• Germany• 2nd Industrial Revolution• Benz
– 1885 – 3 wheeled automobile• Maybach
– 1876 - Four-stroke cycle • Daimler
– 1885 – 1st motorcycle
16. Guglielmo Marconi
16. Guglielmo Marconi
• System of wireless telegraphy
• Great Britain• 1896• 2nd Industrial Revolution• Improved ways of
communication• Allowed communication to go
across the Atlantic
17. Orville and Wilbur Wright
17. Orville and Wilbur Wright
• Airplane• December 17, 1903 • United States• 2nd Industrial revolution• the first sustained and controlled
heavier-than-air powered flight • Began a new age in
transportation—air travel (sort of)
18. Henry Ford
18. Henry Ford
• Model T• Assembly line method of construction• United States• 1908• 2nd Industrial Revolution• Greatly improved and sped up
production; cut costs of manufactured goods
The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Historical Figures 19 & 20
Karl Marx
Karl Marx• The Communist Manifesto &
Das Kapital• 1848 Trier, Germany• 2nd Industrial Revolution• Argued against the merits of
capitalism & praised the proletariat (workers)
• His philosophy led to a rise in socialism and radical communism
Adam Smith
Adam Smith• The Wealth of Nations• 1776 British Colonies in
America• 1st Industrial Revolution• Laid the theoretical
framework for capitalism and the “invisible hand”
• Believed that the pursuit of individual wealth and success would improve society for everyone